JPH0937661A - Mulching material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a mulching material by adding a flame protecting agent to a cut material such as bark of a tree, etc., preventing spread of fire by carelessness of a light of cigarette, etc., having high voidage, excellent in heating insulting properties, flame retardance, shape retention, insecticidal properties and antimicrobial properties, useful for a garden on a roof, etc. SOLUTION: A cut material such as a thin cut material, etc., of bark of and/or wood part of one or more trees selected from trees of the family Taxodiaceae, axodiaceae, Pinaceae, Pinaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Fagaceae and Ulmaceae is mixed with preferably 0.2-2.0kg (based on 100l of the cut material) of one or more compounds selected from metal antimony, ammonium polyphosphate, a phosphoric ester, ammonium oxide, organic phosphorus/ nitrogen-based polymer, a mixture of condensed ammonium phosphate and an acrylic acid ester and a bromine compound.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mulching material, and more particularly to a material having flame retardancy. In this invention, mulching material covers trees, plants, plants, and other surfaces on which the ground has been planted, and keeps the roots of trees, plants and seedlings of plants and crops heat-insulating, and suppresses the evaporation of water from the surface of the weeds. It is intended to control diseases and diseases, or to cover the rooftop as a medium for rooftop gardens, and also to promote cooling and heating inside the building.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Mulching materials are medians of highways,
It is used in parks, fields, slopes, roof gardens, atriums, roadsides, decorations for exhibition, planting trees, flower beds, containers, etc. Inferior properties are used and no special flame-retardant treatment is applied.

[0003]

Since the conventional mulching material has poor flame retardancy and becomes particularly liable to burn when dried,
There is a risk that the fire will spread due to the mistreatment of cigarettes.

An object of the present invention is to provide a mulching material having flame retardancy.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems (First Invention) The mulching material of the first invention is characterized by adding a flameproofing agent to the bark and / or shreds of wood.

As the tree, either a conifer or a broadleaf tree can be used. As the coniferous trees, those belonging to Cedaraceae, Cypressaceae, Pinaceae, Papaceae, Taxus, Indactylaceae, and broadleaf trees belonging to Beech family, Elmaceae and the like can be preferably used.

The cedar trees include cedar, cedar,
Trees of the cypress family, such as Enkousugi, cypress, sawara, hiba, asunaro, etc., trees of the Pinaceae family, larch, red pine, black pine, etc. As a tree, yew, oyster, etc. can be suitably used, and as a tree of the family Noctuidae, Inugaya etc. can be suitably used.

As the tree of the family Beech, it is possible to use suitably Japanese zelkova, oak, oak, oak, etc., and as the tree of the family Elmaceae, such as zelkova, enoki, Mukunoki and Harunire.

The bark refers to the surface portion of the trunk or branch of the tree, and the woody portion refers to the portion of the trunk or branch of the tree excluding the bark. As a material for the mulching material, either bark or wood part can be used, but the bark has a higher porosity of the tissue than the wood part, and the cost is low,
Since the heat insulation is high, it is preferable to use only bark or mainly bark.

As the shreds, for example, feather-like shreds,
Each type of chip can be used alone or as a mixture. The feather-like shredded material is a thinly cut processed material having a length of about 20 mm to 50 mm, and the aggregate has a feather appearance. It is desirable that the chips have a particle size of about 1 mm to 5 mm.

As the flameproofing agent, metal antimony, ammonium polyphosphate, phosphoric acid ester, ammonium oxide, organic phosphorus / nitrogen polymer, a mixture of condensed ammonium phosphate and acrylic acid ester, a bromine compound, and others are preferable. Can be used for.

The amount of the flameproofing agent to be added is usually 0.2 kg to 100 liters of shredded material which is the main component of the mulching material.
It is desirable to set it to 2.0 kg. Below 0.2 kg,
In some cases, the flameproof function may not be obtained sufficiently, while 2.0K
If it exceeds g, no further improvement of the flameproof function is recognized and it is often uneconomical. Considering these balances, the amount of the flame retardant compounded is 0.3 kg
1.0 Kg is more desirable, and 0.5 Kg to 1.
The most preferable value is 0 kg.

Fermented products may be used for the shredded trees, and if necessary, soil improvers, chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, synthetic fibers, preservatives, penetrating insecticides, pigments, dyes, A binder, vermiculite or the like may be added.

(Second Invention) The mulching material of the second invention is
In the first invention, the types of trees are Cedaraceae, Cypressaceae,
It is characterized in that it is one or more species selected from trees belonging to the family Pinaceae, Panaceae, Taxus, Inugaya, Beech, and Elmaceae.

Since all of the above-mentioned tree structures have a high porosity, the use of these types of trees makes it possible to obtain a mulching material having particularly excellent heat insulating properties.

(Third invention) A mulching material of the third invention is
In the first invention, the types of trees are Cedaraceae, Cypressaceae,
It is characterized in that it is one or more species selected from trees belonging to the family Pinaceae, Persimmonaceae, Taxus, and Inugaya.

All of these are coniferous trees, and these trees are rich in terpenes and other components. For this reason, when these trees are used, bacteria degradability is low, and there is no lean meat for a long period of time. Also,
It has excellent insect repellent properties and a high pest repellent function. In addition, it has herbicidal properties and has a high function of suppressing the generation of weeds. In addition, it has antibacterial properties and has a high function of suppressing pathogenic bacteria. The content of terpenes and other components is large in bark of cedar or cypress, and it is desirable to mainly use bark of cedar and / or cypress. Most preferably, the volume ratio of the feather-like shreds (or chips) of the cedar skin layer to the feather-like shreds (or chips) of the cypress skin layer is 90: 10-5.
This is the case in the range of 0:50, and the plant growth effect is highest at this mixing ratio.

(Fourth Invention) The mulching material of the fourth invention is
One of the first to third inventions is characterized in that the shredded form is a shredded form.

If the form of the shredded material is cut into small pieces, after laid on the ground surface, the shredded pieces are entangled with each other to form a three-dimensional network structure, a high porosity is maintained, and a heat insulating function is high. Also,
Since weed seeds do not easily penetrate into the three-dimensional meshwork,
Weed generation can be suppressed.

(Fifth Invention) The mulching material of the fifth invention is
In any one of the first to fourth inventions, the flameproofing agent is metal antimony, ammonium polyphosphate, phosphate ester, ammonium oxide, organic phosphorus / nitrogen-based polymer, mixture of condensed ammonium phosphate and acrylic acid ester, bromine. It is characterized by being one or more compounds selected from the compounds. All of these compounds are excellent in flameproofing function.

(Sixth Invention) The mulching material of the sixth invention is
One of the first to fifth inventions is characterized in that mineral particles are added.

When the mineral particles are added, the flameproofing agent adheres to or adsorbs on the surface thereof, and the flameproofing agent does not easily flow out even when exposed to rainfall, and flame retardancy can be maintained for a long period of time. In addition, mineral particles have high thermal conductivity, and even if the cigarette is thrown away, heat is widely dispersed from the part in contact with the fire to other parts, local heat concentration can be avoided, and ignition is prevented. Hard to happen.

Mineral particles include river sand, sea sand, silica sand,
Silica, mountain sand, talc, calcium carbonate, zeolite,
One or more such as clay and bentonite can be used alone or as a mixture.

The amount of mineral particles blended is 0.5 kg to 10 liters per 100 liters of shredded material which is the main component of the mulching material.
It is desirable to set it as Kg. If it is less than 0.5 kg, the adhesion function of the flameproofing agent and the ignition reducing function may not be sufficiently obtained, while if it exceeds 10 kg, the heat insulating function may not be sufficiently obtained due to the reduction of the blending amount of trees. Because there is. Considering these balances, the amount of mineral particles blended is more preferably 2 Kg to 10 Kg, and 4 Kg
Most preferably, it should be up to 6 kg.

The particle size of the mineral particles is 0.05 mm to 10 m
m is desirable. If it is less than 0.05, it is likely to be blown off by the wind, and the mineral particles may disappear from the mulching material in a short period of time, while if it exceeds 10 mm, the surface area ratio decreases and the flameproofing agent adheres. This is because the function may be deteriorated and the flame-retardant maintenance period may not be sufficiently obtained. Considering these balances, the particle size of the mineral particles is more preferably 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and most preferably 0.4 mm to 1.0 mm.

(Seventh Invention) The mulching material of the seventh invention is
One of the first to sixth inventions is characterized in that a surfactant and / or a water retention agent is added.

Originally, the surface of the shredded tree becomes water-repellent and has reduced water permeability when dried, but the addition of a surfactant can reduce the interfacial tension of water. If a water retention agent is added, the surface of shredded trees is unlikely to dry, so that a decrease in water permeability due to drying can be suppressed.

As the surfactant, anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants can be used alone or in combination. As the water retention agent, starch / acrylic polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like can be used alone or in combination.

[0029]

【The invention's effect】

(First Invention) The first invention has the following effects. That is, since it has excellent flame retardancy and hardly burns even when dried, it is possible to prevent the mulching material from spreading due to mistreatment of cigarette fire or the like.

(Second Invention) In addition to the effects of the first invention, the second invention has the following effects. In other words, the porosity of the tissue of the shredded material is high and the heat insulation is high, so the roots of trees planted on the ground surface and the seedlings of crops are excellently kept warm, and when used in the roof garden of a building, the cooling and heating efficiency is improved. .

(Third Invention) The third invention has the following effects in addition to the effects of the first and second inventions. That is, since it has low bacteria degradability and does not become thin for a long period of time, it has excellent shape retention. In addition, since it has excellent insect repellent properties and a high pest repellent function, it is possible to reduce damage of plants planted on the ground surface or mulching material due to the pests. Further, since it has herbicidal properties and has a high function of suppressing the generation of weeds, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of aesthetics due to the generation of weeds. Further, since it has antibacterial properties and a high function of suppressing pathogenic bacteria, it is possible to suppress diseases of plants planted on the ground surface or mulching materials.

(Fourth Invention) The fourth invention has the following effects in addition to the effects of the first to third inventions. That is,
After laying on the surface of the ground, the three-dimensional cuts are entwined with each other to form a three-dimensional network structure, high porosity is maintained, and the heat insulation function is high. When used in the rooftop garden of a building, the cooling and heating efficiency of the building is increased. In addition, since weed seeds do not easily submerge inside the three-dimensional network structure, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of weeds and suppress deterioration of aesthetics due to the occurrence of weeds.

(Fifth Invention) The fifth invention has the following effects in addition to the effects of the first to fourth inventions. That is,
It has excellent flame retardancy and can prevent the mulching material from spreading due to mistreatment of cigarette fire.

(Sixth Invention) The sixth invention has the following effects in addition to the effects of the first to fifth inventions. That is,
The flameproofing agent adheres to or adsorbs on the surface of the mineral particles, and the flameproofing agent does not easily flow out even when exposed to rainfall, and flame retardancy can be maintained for a long time. In addition, mineral particles have high thermal conductivity, and even if the cigarette is thrown away, heat is widely dispersed from the part in contact with the fire to other parts, local heat concentration can be avoided, and ignition is prevented. Hard to happen.

(Seventh Invention) The seventh invention has the following effects in addition to the effects of the first to sixth inventions. That is,
Originally, the surface of shredded trees becomes water repellent when dried, and water permeability decreases, but addition of surfactants and water retention agents can suppress the decrease in water permeability, so it was planted on the ground surface or mulching material. It can enhance the growth of plants.

[0036]

【Example】

(Example 1) The bark of cedar was cut to obtain feather-like finely cut pieces (length: about 20 mm to 50 mm). Further, the bark of cypress was cut to obtain a feather-like shredded piece (the length is the same as that of cedar). The feather-like shredded pieces of Japanese cedar and the feather-like shredded pieces of Japanese cypress were mixed at a volume ratio of 75:25 to obtain a feathery shredded mixture. To 100 liters of this feathery shredded mixture, 1.0 part by weight of decabromodiphenyl ether (powder), which is a flame retardant for bromine compounds, was uniformly mixed. And water 0.5
0.1 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene (7) secondary alkyl ether was dissolved in parts by weight, and the solution was uniformly sprayed on a feather-like shredded mixture containing a flameproofing agent to give a flame-retardant mulching material. Obtained.

(Example 2) To 100 liters of the feather-like shredded mixture before mixing with the flameproofing agent obtained in Example 1, tetrabromobisphenol (powder) 2.0, which is a flameproofing agent of a bromine compound, was added.
Kg was uniformly mixed. Then, to 0.5 kg of water, polyoxyethylene (7) secondary alkyl ether of 0.
1 Kg was dissolved, and this solution was uniformly sprayed on a feather-like finely chopped mixture containing a flameproofing agent to obtain a flame-retardant mulching material.

(Example 3) 3.0 kg of tricresyl phosphate which is a flame retardant of phosphoric acid ester, and 0.1% of polyoxyethylene (7) secondary alkyl ether.
Kg and 0.5 Kg of water were dissolved, and this solution was uniformly sprayed on 100 liters of the feathery shredded mixture before mixing with the flameproofing agent obtained in Example 1 to obtain a flame-retardant mulching material. .

Example 4 To 100 liters of the feather-like finely chopped mixture obtained in Example 1 before the flameproofing agent was mixed, 3.0 Kg of ammonium polyphosphate (powder) as a flameproofing agent was uniformly mixed. Then, 0.1 Kg of polyoxyethylene (7) secondary alkyl ether was dissolved in 0.5 Kg of water, and this solution was sprayed evenly on a feather-like shredded mixture mixed with a flameproofing agent to give flame-retardant mulching. I got the material.

Example 5 0.6 kg of polyphosphoric acid carbamate, which is an organic phosphorus / nitrogen-based polymer flame retardant, and 0.1 kg of polyoxyethylene (7) secondary alkyl ether, were added to 0.5 kg of water. The mixture was dissolved, and this solution was mixed with feather-like shredded mixture 1 obtained in Example 1 before being mixed with the flameproofing agent.
A flame-retardant mulching material was obtained by uniformly spraying it onto 00 liters.

Example 6 1.0 Kg of metal antimony, which is a flameproofing agent, was suspended in 0.1 Kg of polyoxyethylene (7) secondary alkyl ether in 1.0 Kg of water. 100 liters of the feather-like shredded mixture before mixing with the flameproofing agent obtained in 1 was uniformly sprayed to obtain a flame-retardant mulching material.

Test Example 1 The flame retardancy of each flame retardant mulching material obtained in Examples 1 to 6 was examined. The test method was as follows: each flame-retardant mulching material was packed in a wooden frame of 0.5 m ² to a thickness of 4 cm, and hot air of 100 ° C. was blown for 5 hours to dry them. Next, place each of the dried flame-retardant mulching materials together with the wooden frame on the soil surface, put 3 cigarettes on each flame-retardant mulching material, and blow with a blower at a wind speed of 5 m /
The second wind was intermittently sent and the presence or absence of ignition was visually observed. In the comparative example, the mixed shredded product obtained in Example 1 was used without adding the flameproofing agent.

As a result of the test, in the case of the comparative example, ignition took place 2 to 3 minutes after the start of the test and spread over the whole, whereas the flame-retardant mulching materials obtained in Examples 1 to 6 were: In each case, even after 30 minutes had elapsed from the start of the test, the material did not burn and spread, and the surface was scorched. The same test was conducted by placing each flame-retardant mulching material on the metal surface or the wood surface instead of the soil surface.

Similar results were also obtained with the flame-retardant mulching material obtained by replacing the feather-like shredded material of each example with chips (particle diameter of about 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm). Similar results were obtained with the flame-retardant mulching material obtained by replacing the bark of each example with the wood portion. Similar results were obtained with a flame-retardant mulching material obtained by using other conifers or hardwoods instead of the cedar and cypress of each example.

From these test results, the bark and / or
Alternatively, it can be seen that the mulching material obtained by adding the flameproofing agent to the shredded wood part has excellent flame retardancy. An extremely excellent plant growth effect was confirmed when the volume mixing ratio of the feather-like shredded cedar and the feather-shaped shredded cypress was in the range of 90:10 to 50:50.

Example 7 100 liters of the flame-retardant mulching material obtained in Example 1 was mixed with mountain sand (particle size 0.5 mm to 1.
About 0 mm) 5.0 kg was mixed to obtain a new flame-retardant mulching material.

Example 8 100 liters of the flame-retardant mulching material obtained in Example 2 was added to sea sand (particle size 0.1 mm to 0.
About 5 mm) 5.0 kg was mixed to obtain a new flame-retardant mulching material.

Example 9 100 liters of the flame-retardant mulching material obtained in Example 3 was mixed with silica sand (particle size 0.4 mm
5.0 kg (about 1.0 mm) was mixed to obtain a new flame-retardant mulching material.

(Example 10) 100 liters of the flame-retardant mulching material obtained in Example 4 was mixed with zeolite (particle size: 0.2 m).
m-0.4 mm) 5.0 kg was mixed to obtain a new flame-retardant mulching material.

Example 11 100 liters of the flame-retardant mulching material obtained in Example 5 was mixed with river sand (particle size 1.0 mm to
A new flame-retardant mulching material was obtained by mixing 6.0 kg (about 2.0 mm).

(Example 12) 100 liters of the flame-retardant mulching material obtained in Example 6 was mixed with river sand (particle size 1.0 mm-
About 2.0 mm) 5.0 kg was mixed to obtain a new flame-retardant mulching material.

<< Test Example 2 >> The flame retardancy maintaining properties of the flame retardant mulching materials obtained in Examples 7 to 12 were examined. The test method was as follows. Each flame-retardant mulching material was packed in a wooden frame of 0.5 m ² to a thickness of 4 cm, exposed to artificial rainfall of 1000 mm for 30 minutes, and then dried in the same manner as in Test Example 1. Then, it was placed on the soil surface and the presence or absence of ignitability was examined by the same method as in Test Example 1. The comparative example used was the one of Example 1 containing no mineral particles.

As a result of the test, in the case of the comparative example, ignition occurred 2 to 3 minutes after the start of the test and spread over the whole, whereas the flame-retardant mulching materials obtained in Examples 7 to 12 were In all cases, even after 30 minutes had elapsed from the start of the test, the material did not burn and spread, and a burnt mark remained on the surface. The same test was carried out by placing each flame-retardant mulching material on a metal surface or a wood surface instead of the soil surface.
Also, the same tendency was obtained in the test where the amount of rainfall was 1500 mm.

Similar results were also obtained with the flame-retardant mulching material obtained by replacing the mixed shredded material of each example with chips (particle diameter of about 1 mm to 5 mm). In addition, cedar of each example
Similar results were obtained with flame-retardant mulching wood obtained by using other conifers or hardwoods instead of cypress.

From these test results, it is understood that in the mulching material to which the mineral particles are added, the flameproofing agent hardly flows out even when exposed to rainfall, and the flame retardancy can be maintained for a long time.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A mulching material comprising a bark and / or shreds of a wood portion, to which a flameproofing agent is added. 2. The mulching material according to claim 1, wherein the kind of tree is selected from among trees belonging to the family Cedaraceae, Japanese cypress, Pinaceae, Panaceae, Taxus, Inugaya, Beech, and Elmaceae. One or more things that have been done. 3. The mulching material according to claim 1, wherein the type of tree is one or more selected from trees belonging to the family Cedaraceae, Hinoki family, Pinaceae, Pale family, Taxus family and Inugaya family. thing. 4. The mulching material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shredded material is in the form of shredded material. 5. The mulching material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the flameproofing agent is metallic antimony,
One or more compounds selected from ammonium polyphosphate, phosphoric acid ester, ammonium oxide, organic phosphorus / nitrogen-based polymer, a mixture of condensed ammonium phosphate and acrylic acid ester, and a bromine compound. 6. The mulching material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, to which mineral particles are added. 7. The mulching material according to claim 1, to which a surfactant and / or a water retention agent is added.