JP4557637B2 - Flame retardant mulching material - Google Patents
Flame retardant mulching material Download PDFInfo
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- JP4557637B2 JP4557637B2 JP2004245872A JP2004245872A JP4557637B2 JP 4557637 B2 JP4557637 B2 JP 4557637B2 JP 2004245872 A JP2004245872 A JP 2004245872A JP 2004245872 A JP2004245872 A JP 2004245872A JP 4557637 B2 JP4557637 B2 JP 4557637B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 76
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 46
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- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical class [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Images
Landscapes
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Description
この発明は、難燃性マルチング材に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、この発明は、公園、道路の緑地帯や路側帯、造成地や工場敷地等における緑化事業、農林業等において使用される難燃性マルチング材に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a flame retardant mulching material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a flame-retardant mulching material used in greening projects, agricultural and forestry, etc. in parks, green zones and roadside belts, creation sites and factory sites.
緑化事業や農林業等においては、苗木、樹木、作物等の根元やその周囲の土壌をマルチング材で覆うことが行われている。マルチング材を使用することで、雑草の生育の抑制や病害虫の発生防止、土壌の乾燥防止、降雨による土壌の流出の防止、シルトや粘土の表土への浮き出しによる防水土膜形成の防止、外気温の変化の地温への影響の緩和・調節、人の土壌への立ち入り等による土壌の固結化を阻止することで苗木等の生育阻害の防止等をはかることができ、公園、道路等の緑化事業にとっては、さらに、美粧性を向上させることができる。 In greening projects, agriculture and forestry, etc., the roots of seedlings, trees, crops, and the surrounding soil are covered with mulching material. By using mulching material, weed growth control and prevention of pests, prevention of soil drying, prevention of soil runoff due to rainfall, prevention of waterproof soil film formation by raising silt and clay to the topsoil, outside temperature It is possible to prevent growth inhibition of seedlings, etc. by preventing the solidification of the soil due to the relaxation and adjustment of the effect of changes in the soil temperature on the ground, and human entry into the soil, etc. For the business, cosmetics can be further improved.
マルチング材としては、敷き藁、敷き草等が使用されていたが、入手性、取り扱い性、経済性等から、化成フィルム等からなるマルチング材、すなわち、防草シートが多用されている。このような防草シートは、雑草の生育の抑制に優れているが、前記した病害虫の発生防止、土壌の乾燥防止、土壌の流出の防止、防水土膜形成の防止、外気温の変化の地温への影響の緩和・調節、人の立ち入り等による土壌の固結化による苗木等の生育阻害の防止、美粧性の向上には十分な機能を果たしているとはいえない。 As the mulching material, laying mushrooms, laying grass, and the like have been used, but mulching material made of a chemical conversion film or the like, that is, a herbicidal sheet, is frequently used from the viewpoint of availability, handleability, economy and the like. Such a herbicidal sheet is excellent in suppressing the growth of weeds, but prevents the occurrence of the above-mentioned pests, prevents the drying of the soil, prevents the outflow of the soil, prevents the formation of a waterproof soil film, the ground temperature of the change of the outside temperature It cannot be said that it plays a sufficient role in mitigating / controlling the effects on the environment, preventing growth inhibition of seedlings due to solidification of the soil due to the entry of people, etc., and improving cosmetics.
防草シートに替え、木質材料を粉砕加工したものをそのままマルチング材としたものも使用されているが、例えば、粉砕加工を行った地の雑草の種子がついていると、マルチング材を施す土壌には、それまで見られなかった雑草が発生することになる。このような雑草がはびこると、その地の生態系に悪影響を与える恐れが高い。同様なことは、病害虫についてもいえることである。このマルチング材は、保水性が低く、夏場での土壌からの水分の蒸発を防止する機能が不十分であり、強風によって飛散し易く、比重は１を超えることはなく水に浮かぶことから、大雨によって流亡したりする。そして、冬場の異常乾燥時には、投げ捨てられたタバコ等の火種によって、容易に着火して火災を引き起こしたりするといった欠点を有している。 In place of the weedproof sheet, pulverized wood material that is used as mulching material is also used, but for example, if weed seeds of ground ground are attached, the soil to which mulching material is applied Will cause weeds that have not been seen before. If such weeds infest, there is a high risk of adversely affecting the local ecosystem. The same is true for pests. This mulching material has low water retention, has insufficient function to prevent the evaporation of moisture from the soil in the summer, is easily scattered by strong winds, and its specific gravity does not exceed 1, so it floats on water. Or washed away. And, when it dries abnormally in winter, it has a drawback that it can easily ignite and cause a fire by a fire type such as cigarettes thrown away.
特許文献１には、樹皮を粉砕したものに、植生糊としての水性エマルジョン、難燃剤を混合した難燃性マルチング材が開示されている。しかしながら、このような難燃性マルチング材においても、その比重は最大吸水時においても１を超えることはなく、水に浮かぶことから大雨によって流亡したりすることに変わりはない。また、マルチング材を施す土壌に見られる雑草とは異なった雑草が発生したり、その土地では見られない病害虫が発生したりすることも変わりはない。雑草の発生、病害虫の発生を防止するために熱処理等を行うと、手間とコストがかかることになる。また、流亡しないように比重を１以上とするのに、無機鉱物等を添加することが考えられるが、無機鉱物等がマルチング材から脱落しないように固定するために、例えば、植生糊を多量に消費することが必要となったり、原料として無機鉱物等が必要となり、製品単価を上昇させることにもなる。
上記のような実情に鑑み鋭意研究を行ったところ、本発明者等は、樹皮の堆肥化物は、堆肥化の過程において、約７０℃の発酵温度に達することから、雑草の種子、病害虫の原因となる細菌や害虫、その卵等はほぼ確実に死滅しているものであること、および、水分をよく吸収し、迅速に水分率が５５〜６５％前後にまで達し、その際の、比重が１以上となり、水に沈むことになること、とりわけ、広葉樹の樹皮の堆肥化物は、繊維長が長く、気相が確保しやすく、乾燥時にはふんわりとし、雨の日には締まるといった特性を有すること等に着目し、この発明を完成するに至ったものであり、難燃性であって、施工地とは異なる雑草や病害虫の発生を防止でき、大雨によって流亡することがなく、施工地の自然環境等に悪影響を与える恐れのないマルチング材を提供することを目的としている。さらに、前記目的に加え、マルチング材の施工後にキノコやカビ等の菌類が生じることのない難燃性のマルチング材を提供することも目的としている。 As a result of diligent research in view of the above circumstances, the present inventors have found that the compost of bark reaches a fermentation temperature of about 70 ° C. in the process of composting. The bacteria, pests, and eggs, etc. that are almost surely killed, and absorbs moisture well, and quickly reaches a moisture content of around 55-65%. Being 1 or more, it will sink in water, especially hardwood bark compost has a long fiber length, easy to secure the gas phase, soft when dry, and tighten on rainy days The present invention has been completed by focusing on the above and other aspects. It is flame retardant and can prevent the generation of weeds and pests different from the construction site. That could adversely affect the environment Is an object of the present invention to provide a mulching material have. Furthermore, in addition to the said objective, it aims also at providing the flame-retardant mulching material which does not produce fungi, such as a mushroom and a mold, after construction of a mulching material.
上記課題を解決するために、この発明の難燃性マルチング材は、（１）．広葉樹の樹皮の堆肥化物に、水溶性高分子粘着糊として粉末状水溶性ポリアクリルアミド、水溶性難燃剤として下記の水溶性有機燐酸窒素化合物難燃剤が添加されてなり、前記堆肥化物は、Ｃ／Ｎ比が３５以下のものであって、水分率５５〜６５％において比重が１以上であり、堆肥化された樹皮の繊維長が１５ｍｍ以上であることを特徴とする。
（水溶性難燃剤）
Ｃｎ＋２Ｈ２ｎ＋４Ｎｎ＋２Ｏ４ｎ＋３Ｐｎ （ｎが１〜１０）
そして、（２）．前記（１）において、前記水溶性高分子粘着糊は、３０℃での粘度が２００〜５００ｍＰａ・ｓであることが好ましい。（３）．前記（１）または（２）において、前記水溶性高分子粘着糊が、水分率６０±５％における前記堆肥化物１００重量部に対し、０．５〜１．５重量部、前記水溶性難燃剤が、堆肥化物１００重量部に対し、２．５〜３．５重量部であることが好ましい。
（４）．前記（１）、（２）または（３）において、水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤が添加されてなることが好ましい。
In order to solve the above problems, the flame-retardant mulching material of the present invention comprises (1). Compost product bark hardwood, powdered water soluble polyacrylamide, water-soluble organic phosphate nitrogen compound flame retardants below as water-soluble flame retardant is added becomes water-soluble polymer adhesive glue, the compost product is, C / The N ratio is 35 or less, the specific gravity is 1 or more at a moisture content of 55 to 65%, and the fiber length of composted bark is 15 mm or more .
(Water-soluble flame retardant)
C n + 2 H 2n + 4 N n + 2 O 4n + 3 P n (n is 1-10)
And (2). In (1), the water-soluble polymer adhesive paste preferably has a viscosity at 30 ° C. of 200 to 500 mPa · s. (3). In the above (1) or (2), the water-soluble polymer adhesive paste is used in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the compost at a moisture content of 60 ± 5%. However, it is preferable that it is 2.5-3.5 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of compost.
(4). In the above (1), (2) or (3), a water-soluble organic nitrogen preservative is preferably added.
この発明は、以上説明したように構成されているので、以下に記載されるような効果を奏する。
すなわち、広葉樹の樹皮の堆肥化物は、堆肥化の過程において、約７０℃の発酵温度を経たものであり、樹皮等に雑草の種子、病害虫の原因となる細菌や害虫、その卵等が付着していたとしてもほぼ確実に死滅しており、針葉樹の樹皮の堆肥化物と比べ、繊維長が長く、気相が確保しやすく、乾燥時にはふんわりとし雨の日には締まるものであって、水分をよく吸収し、水分率は迅速に５５〜６５％前後にまで達し、比重は１以上となり、水に沈むことになり、施工後のマルチング材が大雨によって流亡する恐れがない。また堆肥化物に水溶性高分子粘着糊、水溶性難燃剤がなじみ易く、品質の均一なマルチング材を得ることができる。
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
That is, the compost of hardwood bark has undergone a fermentation temperature of about 70 ° C. in the process of composting, and seeds of weeds, bacteria and pests that cause pests, and eggs thereof adhere to the bark and the like. Even if it is, it is almost surely killed, the fiber length is long compared to the compost of coniferous bark, it is easy to secure the gas phase, it is soft on the rainy day when dry, It absorbs well, the moisture content quickly reaches around 55-65%, the specific gravity becomes 1 or more, sinks in water, and there is no fear that the mulching material after construction will be washed away by heavy rain. Further, a water-soluble polymer adhesive paste and a water-soluble flame retardant can be easily applied to the compost, and a mulching material having a uniform quality can be obtained.
この発明のマルチング材は、難燃性であることから、タバコの投げ捨てによって着火することがなく安全である。 Since the mulching material of the present invention is flame retardant, it is safe from being ignited by throwing away tobacco.
また、施工地とは異なる雑草や病害虫の発生を防止でき、施工地の自然環境等に悪影響を与える恐れがなく、自然に優しいマルチング材を提供できる。そして、マルチング材自体も長期間の内に風化して、自然に還るものであり、肥料としても機能する。堆肥化物は、一般に遠距離まで輸送して用いるものではなく、製造地近辺において使用するものであり、堆肥化物の製造に用いる発酵微生物も堆肥化物の使用地の環境に悪影響を与えるものを使用することはない。そのため、この発明のマルチング材に含まれる発酵微生物が使用地の自然環境に悪影響を与えることにはならないことはいうまでもない。 Moreover, the generation of weeds and pests different from the construction site can be prevented, and there is no possibility of adversely affecting the natural environment of the construction site, and a natural-friendly mulching material can be provided. The mulching material itself is weathered over a long period of time and returns naturally, and also functions as a fertilizer. In general, compost is not transported over long distances, but is used in the vicinity of the production site, and fermenting microorganisms used in the production of compost are also those that adversely affect the environment in which the compost is used. There is nothing. Therefore, it goes without saying that the fermenting microorganisms contained in the mulching material of the present invention will not adversely affect the natural environment of the place of use.
また、水溶性高分子粘着剤は、分子量が大きく粘性が高いため、その粘着性の発現によって堆肥化物の繊維相互の絡み合いと相俟って繊維相互の結合が強固に行われることになる。そのため、強風によって堆肥化物が飛散する恐れがない。また、傾斜した施工地に施工した場合に、マルチング材の重量によって繊維同士の結合を分離しようとする力が働いても水溶性高分子粘着剤の粘着力によって阻止され、長期間にわたるマルチングの効果を持続させることができる。そして、このことは、雨等によってマルチング材が吸水し、水分がマルチング材に加わることになっても、水溶性高分子粘着剤の粘着力によってマルチング材の繊維同士の結合が容易に分離されることにならない。 In addition, since the water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive has a large molecular weight and a high viscosity, the bonding of the fibers is firmly performed due to the entanglement of the fibers of the composted material due to the expression of the adhesiveness. Therefore, there is no fear that compost is scattered by strong winds. In addition, when constructed on an inclined construction site, even if the force to separate the bonds between fibers due to the weight of the mulching material works, it is blocked by the adhesive force of the water-soluble polymer adhesive, and the effect of mulching over a long period of time Can be sustained. This means that even when the mulching material absorbs water due to rain or the like and moisture is added to the mulching material, the bonding between the fibers of the mulching material is easily separated by the adhesive force of the water-soluble polymer adhesive. It wo n’t happen.
そして、マルチング材としての前記した以外の機能、すなわち、土壌の乾燥防止、降雨による土壌の流出の防止、シルトや粘土の表土への浮き出しによる防水土膜形成の防止、外気温の変化の地温への影響の緩和・調節、人の土壌への立ち入り等による土壌の固結化を阻止することで苗木等の生育阻害の防止等をはかることができることはいうまでもない。これは、主に、堆肥化物の繊維が長く、気相が確保しやすく、乾燥時にはふんわりとし、雨の日には締まるといった特性を有することによるものと考えられる。 And functions other than those described above as a mulching material, that is, prevention of soil drying, prevention of soil runoff due to rainfall, prevention of formation of waterproof soil film by raising silt and clay to the topsoil, and change of outside temperature to the ground temperature Needless to say, it is possible to prevent growth inhibition of seedlings and the like by preventing the solidification of the soil due to the mitigation / regulation of the effects of soil and the entry of humans into the soil. This is presumably due to the fact that composted fibers are long, the gas phase is easy to secure, they are soft when dry and tighten on rainy days.
この発明のマルチング材は、前記した堆肥化物に、水溶性高分子粘着剤、水溶性難燃剤を添加したものであることから、材料費、製造コストを含め安価である。
また、この発明のマルチング材は、一般に堆肥化物により暗褐色を呈しており、施工地の景観を落ち着いた雰囲気とすることができ、しかも、長期間にわたり色が変化しないことから、公園、道路等の緑化事業において美粧性を確保しやすい。なお、必要に応じ適宜の着色剤等を使用することができることは、もちろんである。
Since the mulching material of the present invention is a product obtained by adding a water-soluble polymer adhesive and a water-soluble flame retardant to the above-mentioned compost, it is inexpensive including material costs and production costs.
In addition, the mulching material of the present invention generally has a dark brown color due to compost, and can have a calm atmosphere in the scenery of the construction site, and since the color does not change over a long period of time, a park, a road, etc. It is easy to ensure cosmetics in the greening business. Of course, an appropriate colorant or the like can be used as necessary.
また、水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤を添加することで、マルチング材の施工後に、土壌に存在したり、飛散してきたりしたキノコやカビ等の菌類の生育が阻止される。従って堆肥物の分解が阻止され、キノコやカビ等の菌類が生育することによる美粧上の劣化を防止でき、しかも、長期にわたり難燃性のマルチング材の効果を持続させることができる。 In addition, by adding a water-soluble organic nitrogen-based preservative, the growth of fungi such as mushrooms and molds that are present in the soil or scattered after the construction of the mulching material is prevented. Therefore, decomposition of compost can be prevented, cosmetic deterioration due to growth of fungi such as mushrooms and fungi can be prevented, and the effect of flame retardant mulching material can be maintained for a long time.
以下、発明を実施するための最良の形態を示し、さらに詳しくこの発明について説明する。もちろんこの発明は以下の実施の形態によって限定されるものではない。 The best mode for carrying out the invention will be described below, and the present invention will be described in more detail. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
この発明で使用される広葉樹の樹皮の堆肥化物としては、広葉樹の樹皮を破砕したものを通常の方法で堆肥化すればよく、例えば、広葉樹の樹皮の破砕物に、米糠、尿素等を混入したものを、好気性発酵微生物を用いて発酵させることで製造することができる。発酵により約７０℃に達し、堆肥化までには、通常、６ヶ月ほどを要する。堆肥化するまでの間に、適宜水分の補給と数回の切り返しを行う。堆肥化過程において、発酵温度の上昇によって、広葉樹の樹皮に付着していた雑草の種子、病害虫の原因となる細菌や虫、卵等はほぼ確実に死滅する。堆肥化は、炭素率（Ｃ／Ｎ比）が３５以下となるまで行うことが好ましい。Ｃ／Ｎ比が３５以下のものであれば、水分の吸収が良好で、水分率が迅速に５５〜６５％前後にまで達し、比重が１以上となり、水に沈むことになる。また、水溶性高分子粘着剤、水溶性難燃剤とのなじみもよい。Ｃ／Ｎ比が３５を超えるものでは、比重が１に達せず、水に浮くことから好ましくない。
得られた堆肥化物は、広葉樹の樹皮を使用していることから、針葉樹の樹皮を使用したものと比べ、繊維長が長く、気相が確保しやすく、乾燥時にはふんわりとし、雨の日には締まるといった特性を有する。
The composted hardwood bark used in the present invention may be composted by smashing the hardwood bark by a normal method. For example, rice bran, urea or the like is mixed in the hardwood bark comminuted material. A thing can be manufactured by fermenting using an aerobic fermentation microorganism. The temperature reaches about 70 ° C. by fermentation, and it usually takes about 6 months to compost. Before composting, replenish water and cut several times as appropriate. In the composting process, the increase in fermentation temperature almost certainly kills the seeds of weeds attached to the bark of broad-leaved trees, bacteria, insects and eggs that cause pests. The composting is preferably performed until the carbon ratio (C / N ratio) is 35 or less. If the C / N ratio is 35 or less, moisture absorption is good, the moisture content quickly reaches around 55 to 65%, the specific gravity becomes 1 or more, and sinks into water. In addition, it is compatible with water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesives and water-soluble flame retardants. When the C / N ratio exceeds 35, the specific gravity does not reach 1 and floats on water, which is not preferable.
The resulting compost is made of hardwood bark, so it has a longer fiber length, easier to secure the gas phase, softer when dry, and softer on rainy days than those using softwood bark. It has the characteristic of tightening.
堆肥化が完了した後、選別機によって、堆肥化物の繊維長を揃えることが好ましい。繊維長としては、１５ｍｍ以上であることが繊維の絡み合いを有効利用できる上に、水溶性高分子粘着剤による繊維相互を結合させるための結合点が少なくて済み、水溶性高分子粘着剤の使用量が少なく、経済的となる。繊維長が、１５ｍｍ未満では、水溶性高分子粘着剤による繊維相互を結合させるための水溶性高分子粘着剤の使用量が多くなり、好ましくない。なお、選別機によって選別された繊維長１５ｍｍ未満の堆肥化物は、肥料として使用すればよい。
なお、広葉樹の樹皮以外の堆肥化物が使用できないということではなく、本願発明の作用・効果を損なわない範囲であれば、例えば、針葉樹の樹皮を用いた堆肥化物を使用することができることはいうまでもない。
After composting is completed, it is preferable to align the fiber length of the compost by a sorter. The fiber length of 15 mm or more can effectively use the entanglement of fibers, and the number of bonding points for bonding the fibers with the water-soluble polymer adhesive is small, and the use of the water-soluble polymer adhesive is used. The amount is small and economical. If the fiber length is less than 15 mm, the amount of the water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive used to bind the fibers with the water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive increases, which is not preferable. In addition, what is necessary is just to use the compost material with the fiber length of less than 15 mm sorted by the sorter as a fertilizer.
In addition, it does not mean that compost other than the bark of hardwood can not be used, but it is a matter of course that compost using a bark of conifer can be used as long as it does not impair the action and effect of the present invention. Nor.
広葉樹の樹皮としては、ブナ、ナラ、クヌギ、トチ等が例示できるが、これに限られるものではない。そして、広葉樹の樹皮が、国内産であれば、樹皮に含まれる塩分濃度が低く好ましいが、これに限られるものではない。広葉樹の樹皮は、パルプを製造する際に原木から剥ぎ取ったものを利用することが、循環社会構築の面からリユースを推進することになり好ましい。 Examples of the bark of the broad-leaved tree include, but are not limited to, beech, oak, kunugi and tochi. And if the bark of a broad-leaved tree is produced in Japan, the salt concentration contained in the bark is preferably low, but this is not a limitation. It is preferable to use the bark of the broad-leaved tree that has been peeled off from the raw wood when producing the pulp from the viewpoint of building a recycling society.
水溶性高分子粘着剤としては、粘着力が優れ、長期にわたり粘着性が持続され、動植物への害が少なく、最終的には、無害なものに分解され、自然環境に還るものであることが好ましい。この種の水溶性高分子粘着剤は、植生糊として分類することができるものである。この水溶性高分子粘着剤の分解速度は、堆肥化物の分解速度と同様であることが望ましい。また、後述する水溶性難燃剤と相溶性が良好であり、また、安価であることが好ましい。 As a water-soluble polymer adhesive, it has excellent adhesive strength, persists for a long time, has little harm to animals and plants, and eventually decomposes into harmless ones and returns to the natural environment. preferable. This type of water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive can be classified as a vegetation paste. The decomposition rate of the water-soluble polymer adhesive is desirably the same as the decomposition rate of compost. Moreover, it is preferable that it is compatible with a water-soluble flame retardant described later and is inexpensive.
この発明で使用する水溶性高分子粘着剤としては、粉末状水溶性ポリアクリルアミドが好ましい。粉末状水溶性ポリアクリルアミドは、粉末状であることから、取り扱いや水分を積極的に付与しない状態での堆肥化物との混合等が容易である。そして、分子量が大きく所定の水分において高い粘着性を発現し、堆肥化物の繊維相互の絡み合いと相俟って繊維相互の結合を強固に行うことができる。そして、後述する水溶性難燃剤との相溶性も良好である。粉末状水溶性ポリアクリルアミドの具体的な商品としては、クリコート Ｃ−４０２（栗田工業（株））が例示できる。クリコート Ｃ−４０２は、例えば、ヒメダカに対する魚毒性が低いものであり、環境負荷が少ないものである。そして、粘着性としては、３０℃での粘度が２００〜５００ｍＰａ・ｓを示す。なお、この発明において、粉末状とは顆粒粉末を含むものである。 The water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive used in the present invention is preferably powdered water-soluble polyacrylamide. Since powdered water-soluble polyacrylamide is powdery, it is easy to handle and mix with compost in a state where moisture is not actively applied. And, it has a high molecular weight and exhibits high adhesiveness in a predetermined amount of water, and it is possible to firmly bond the fibers together with the entanglement between the fibers of the compost. And compatibility with the water-soluble flame retardant mentioned later is also favorable. Specific examples of the powdered water-soluble polyacrylamide include Cricoat C-402 (Kurita Industry Co., Ltd.). For example, cricoat C-402 has low fish toxicity to medaka and has little environmental impact. And as adhesiveness, the viscosity in 30 degreeC shows 200-500 mPa * s. In the present invention, the powder form includes granular powder.
水溶性高分子粘着剤は、前述したように粉末状であることが好ましい。液体状の場合には、多量の水を用い粘着性が発現しないようにして使用すればよい。液体状の場合には、水分蒸発等によって十分な粘着力を発現させる必要があり、その点では、作業性が低くなる。 The water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably in a powder form as described above . In the case of liquid, a large amount of water may be used so that the stickiness does not appear . In the case of a liquid, it is necessary to develop a sufficient adhesive force by evaporating moisture or the like. In this respect, workability is lowered.
水溶性難燃剤としては、前記水溶性高分子粘着剤と相溶性のある水溶性有機燐酸窒素化合物難燃剤であることが好ましい。
この難燃剤は、Ｃｎ＋２Ｈ２ｎ＋４Ｎｎ＋２Ｏ４ｎ＋３Ｐｎ
で表示されｎが１〜１０のものが該当する。
この難燃剤によれば、燃焼時の加熱によって含有するリンがメタリン酸からポリメタリン酸へと変化し、ポリメタリン酸が熱分解して生成したリン酸層の保護皮膜によって酸素の遮断が行われ、また、ポリメタリン酸による脱水作用により堆肥化物中の有機質が炭化し（すなわち、リン化合物が脱水触媒となり生成物は燃えにくい炭素に変化）、炭化皮膜が形成されることで難燃性が発現するものと解される。水溶性有機燐酸窒素化合物難燃剤の具体的な商品としては、フランＳ−７２Ｇ（大和化学工業（株））が例示できる。フランＳ−７２Ｇは、例えば、毒性が低く、分解しやすく、また、蓄積性もなく、環境負荷が少ないものである。
The water-soluble flame retardant is preferably a water-soluble organic nitrogen phosphate compound flame retardant that is compatible with the water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive.
The flame retardant, C n + 2 H 2n + 4 N n + 2 O 4n + 3 P n
And n is 1-10.
According to this flame retardant, phosphorous contained by heat during combustion is changed from metaphosphoric acid to polymetaphosphoric acid, and oxygen is blocked by the protective film of the phosphoric acid layer produced by thermal decomposition of polymetaphosphoric acid. , carbonized organic composting material in the by dehydration action of polymetaphosphoric acid (i.e. the product becomes phosphorus compound and dehydration catalyst is changed to hard burning carbon), those flame-retardant by carbonization film is formed is expressed It is understood. Specific examples of the water-soluble organophosphate nitrogen compound flame retardant include Furan S-72G (Daiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.). Furan S-72G, for example, has low toxicity, is easily decomposed, does not accumulate, and has a low environmental load.
水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤としては、前記水溶性高分子粘着剤、水溶性難燃剤と相溶性があるものが好ましい。水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤の具体的は商品としては、ＡＡ−５５ｓｕｐｅｒ（大和化学工業（株））が例示できる。 As the water-soluble organic nitrogen preservative, those having compatibility with the water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive and the water-soluble flame retardant are preferable. Specific examples of the water-soluble organic nitrogen preservative include AA-55super (Daiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
水溶性高分子粘着剤の量は、粉末状の場合、堆肥化物（水分率６０±５％のものを意味する。以下同様）１００重量部に対し、０．５〜１．５重量部であることが好ましい。０．５重量部未満では、堆肥化物を結合させるのに不十分であり、飛散し易くなること等から好ましくない。また、１．５重量部を超えても、堆肥化物の結合効果の向上には限界があり、粘着性が高くなりすぎ作業性が悪くなり、また、不経済となることから好ましくない。 The amount of the water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive is 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of compost (meaning a moisture content of 60 ± 5%, the same shall apply hereinafter) when powdered. It is preferable. If it is less than 0.5 part by weight, it is not sufficient to bind the compost and it is not preferable because it tends to be scattered. Moreover, even if it exceeds 1.5 weight part, there exists a limit in the improvement of the bonding effect of a compost, and since adhesiveness becomes high too much and workability | operativity worsens and becomes uneconomical, it is not preferable.
水溶性難燃剤の量は、堆肥化物１００重量部に対し、２．５〜３．５重量部であることが好ましい。２．５重量部未満では、十分な難燃効果が得られないことから好ましくない。また、３．５重量部を超えても難燃効果の向上には限界があり、降雨等によって難燃剤が溶出したものにより、環境への悪影響が生じることもあり、また、不経済となることから好ましくない。また、水溶性難燃剤は濃縮液状態であることから、堆肥化物に均一に付与するため希釈する必要があるが、作業工程における手間をできるだけ省く必要がある。水溶性有機燐酸窒素化合物難燃剤の場合、多量に使用すると、降雨等によって溶出した成分によって河川等が富栄養化をもたらすこともある。 The amount of the water-soluble flame retardant is preferably 2.5 to 3.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the compost. If it is less than 2.5 parts by weight, a sufficient flame-retardant effect cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. Moreover, even if it exceeds 3.5 parts by weight, there is a limit to the improvement of the flame retardant effect, and if the flame retardant elutes due to rain or the like, there may be adverse effects on the environment, and it will be uneconomical. Is not preferable. Further, since the water-soluble flame retardant is in a concentrated liquid state, it is necessary to dilute it in order to uniformly apply it to the compost, but it is necessary to save as much work as possible in the work process. In the case of a water-soluble organic nitrogen phosphate compound flame retardant, when used in a large amount, rivers and the like may be eutrophication due to components eluted by rainfall or the like.
水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤の量は、堆肥化物１００重量部に対し、１．０〜２．５重量部であることが好ましい。１．０重量部未満では、十分な防腐効果が得られないことから好ましくない。また、２．５重量部を超えても防腐効果の向上には限界があり、毒性が強くなり、また、不経済となることから好ましくない。また、水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤は濃縮液状態であることから、堆肥化物に均一に付与するため希釈する必要があるが、作業工程における手間をできるだけ省く必要がある。 The amount of the water-soluble organic nitrogen preservative is preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the compost. If it is less than 1.0 weight part, since sufficient antiseptic effect is not acquired, it is unpreferable. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 2.5 parts by weight, there is a limit to the improvement of the antiseptic effect, the toxicity becomes strong, and it is not preferable because it is not economical. Further, since the water-soluble organic nitrogen-based preservative is in a concentrated liquid state, it is necessary to dilute it in order to uniformly apply it to the compost, but it is necessary to save as much work as possible.
本願発明の難燃性マルチング材には、界面活性剤、着色剤等が適宜添加されたものであってもよい。これらは、１種または２種以上であってもよい。 The flame retardant mulching material of the present invention may be appropriately added with a surfactant, a colorant and the like. These may be one type or two or more types.
本願発明の難燃性マルチング材を製造するには、例えば、以下（ｉ）のようにして行えばよい。
すなわち、（ｉ）広葉樹の樹皮の堆肥化物であって、その繊維長が所定の範囲になるように選別機によって選別されたものを、水分率を勘案して所定量計量して混合容器に投入する。次いで、水溶性難燃剤をその溶液中の水の割合を勘案して所定量計量し、必要に応じて水で希釈したものを混合容器に投入し、攪拌用ショベル等の工具を用いて堆肥化物と水溶性難燃剤とが均一に混合されるまで攪拌する。得られた混合物に、水溶性高分子粘着剤としての粉末状水溶性ポリアクリルアミドをふりかけつつ前記工具を用いて均一に混合し、難燃性マルチング材を得る。得られた難燃性マルチング材の水分量を、この段階では、粉末状水溶性ポリアクリルアミドの粘着性が十分発現するまでの水分には到達しないように事前に計算しておくことで、取り扱いを容易にすることができる。
In order to produce the flame-retardant mulching material of the present invention, for example, the following (i) may be performed.
That is, (i) composted hardwood bark that has been sorted by a sorter so that its fiber length is within a predetermined range, weighed a predetermined amount into the mixing container in consideration of the moisture content To do. Next, the water-soluble flame retardant is weighed in a predetermined amount in consideration of the ratio of water in the solution, and diluted with water as necessary, and then put into a mixing container, and composted using a tool such as a shovel for stirring. And until the water-soluble flame retardant is uniformly mixed. The obtained mixture is uniformly mixed using the tool while sprinkling powdered water-soluble polyacrylamide as a water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive to obtain a flame-retardant mulching material. At this stage, the moisture content of the obtained flame-retardant mulching material is calculated in advance so that it does not reach the moisture content until the adhesive strength of the powdered water-soluble polyacrylamide is fully developed. Can be easily.
また、本願発明の水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤が添加された難燃性マルチング材を製造するには、例えば、以下（ｉｉ）のようにして行えばよい。
すなわち、（ｉｉ）堆肥化物と水溶性難燃剤との混合は、前記（ｉ）と同様にして行う。次いで、得られた混合物に、水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤を含まれている水の濃度を勘案して所定量計量し、必要に応じて水で希釈したものを混合容器に投入し、攪拌用ショベル等の工具を用いて水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤が均一に混合されるまで攪拌する。次に、得られた混合物に、水溶性高分子粘着剤としての粉末状水溶性ポリアクリルアミドをふりかけつつ前記工具を用いて均一に混合し、難燃性マルチング材を得る。得られた難燃性マルチング材の水分量を、この段階では、前記（ｉ）でのものよりは水分が多いものの、粉末状水溶性ポリアクリルアミドの粘着性が十分発現するまでの水分には到達しないように事前に計算しておくことで、取り扱いを容易にすることができる。
Moreover, what is necessary is just to carry out as follows, for example, in order to manufacture the flame-retardant mulching material to which the water-soluble organic nitrogen type | system | group preservative of this invention was added.
That is, (ii) Composting and water-soluble flame retardant are mixed in the same manner as in (i) above. Next, weigh a predetermined amount of the resulting mixture in consideration of the concentration of water containing a water-soluble organic nitrogen-based preservative. Stir using a tool such as an excavator until the water-soluble organic nitrogen preservative is uniformly mixed. Next, the obtained mixture is uniformly mixed using the above tool while sprinkling powdered water-soluble polyacrylamide as a water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive to obtain a flame-retardant mulching material. At this stage, the moisture content of the obtained flame-retardant mulching material reaches the moisture level until the adhesiveness of the powdered water-soluble polyacrylamide is sufficiently developed, although the moisture content is higher than that in the above (i). By calculating in advance so that it does not, handling can be facilitated.
堆肥化物と水溶性難燃剤、水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤の混合は、噴霧によってもよいことはもちろんである。 It goes without saying that composting, water-soluble flame retardant, and water-soluble organic nitrogen preservative may be mixed by spraying.
得られた難燃性マルチング材の施工は、例えば、苗木、樹木、作物等の根元やその周囲に所定厚さになるように敷き詰め、上面よりスコップ等で軽く転圧すればよい。そして、必要に応じ水分を付与することで、マルチング材中の水溶性高分子難燃剤の粘着力が発現し、堆肥化物の繊維を互いに強固に粘着固定することになる。 The obtained flame-retardant mulching material may be constructed by, for example, laying the seedlings, trees, crops, or the like at the base or the periphery thereof so as to have a predetermined thickness, and lightly rolling with a scoop or the like from the upper surface. And if moisture is given as needed, the adhesive force of the water-soluble polymer flame retardant in the mulching material is expressed, and the fibers of the compost are firmly fixed to each other.
次に、実施例を比較例とともに示しさらに詳しく説明する。
（実施例１）
マルチング材を以下のようにして製造した。
国内産の広葉樹の樹皮を使用した堆肥物として、名古屋パルプ（株）製の堆肥化物（商品名：ラインマルチ）を使用した。これをスクリーンでふるい分けし、繊維長１５ｍｍ以上のものをマルチング材の堆肥化物に採用した。この堆肥化物は、吸水性が良く、吸水時の水分率はほぼ６０％に達し、比重は１以上である。
該堆肥化物１００重量部を混合容器に投入し、次いで、水溶性難燃剤（商品名；フランＳ−７２Ｇ、大和化学工業（株）製）２．５重量部を投入し、攪拌用ショベルを用いて均一になるまで混合した。
次いで、該混合物に顆粒状粉末の水溶性高分子粘着剤（商品名；クリコートＣ−４０２、栗田工業（株）製）０．５重量部をふりかけつつ攪拌用ショベルを用いて均一になるまで混合し、マルチング材を得た。この状態では水溶性高分子粘着剤は粘性を十分に発現しておらず、取り扱いが容易であった。
得られたマルチング材を用いて、着火試験を以下のようにして行った。
Next, an example is shown with a comparative example, and it explains in more detail.
Example 1
A mulching material was produced as follows.
As compost using domestic hardwood bark, compost made by Nagoya Pulp Co., Ltd. (trade name: Line Multi) was used. This was sieved with a screen, and a fiber having a fiber length of 15 mm or more was used as a composted mulching material. This compost has good water absorption, the water content at the time of water absorption reaches almost 60%, and the specific gravity is 1 or more.
100 parts by weight of the compost is put into a mixing container, and then 2.5 parts by weight of a water-soluble flame retardant (trade name; Furan S-72G, manufactured by Daiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is added, and a shovel for stirring is used. And mixed until uniform.
Next, the mixture is mixed with a shovel for stirring while being sprinkled with 0.5 parts by weight of a granular powder water-soluble polymer adhesive (trade name; Cricoat C-402, manufactured by Kurita Kogyo Co., Ltd.) until uniform. The mulching material was obtained. In this state, the water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive did not exhibit sufficient viscosity and was easy to handle.
An ignition test was performed as follows using the obtained mulching material.
＜着火試験＞
図１に示すように４００×４００ｍｍの木枠１の中に土２を敷き、その上にマルチング材３を５０ｍｍ厚に転圧して敷き、３０℃で５日間放置した後、着火したタバコ４をマルチング材の上に置き、タバコが燃え尽きるまでの燃焼状態を（ａ）マルチング材表面の着火の有無、（ｂ）マルチング材表面からの発煙の有無、（ｃ）マルチング材表面の焦げた部分の大きさを確認した。なお、引火性を高めるため、タバコの火元に向けて斜め上方より風速６ｍ／ｓの風をあてた。
試験において、フィルターまでのタバコ燃焼に約７分を要した。試験の結果、表面の着火、発煙の発生は認められなかった。
<Ignition test>
As shown in FIG. 1, a
In the test, it took about 7 minutes to burn the tobacco to the filter. As a result of the test, neither surface ignition nor smoke generation was observed.
なお、実施例１のマルチング材を屋外に施工し、雑草、病害虫の発生の有無を４月〜６月の３ヶ月にわたり確認したところ、マルチング材に起因する雑草、病害虫の発生はなかった。 In addition, when the mulching material of Example 1 was constructed outdoors and the presence or absence of weeds and pests was confirmed over 3 months from April to June, weeds and pests were not generated due to the mulching materials.
（実施例２）
水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤を使用した点が実施例１とは相違するマルチング材を以下のようにして作製した。
すなわち、実施例１と同じ堆肥化物をスクリーンでふるい分けし、繊維長１５ｍｍ以上のものをマルチング材の堆肥化物に採用した。該堆肥化物１００重量部を混合容器に投入し、実施例１で使用したと同一の水溶性難燃剤２．５重量部を投入し、攪拌用ショベルを用いて均一になるまで混合した。
次いで、水溶性有機窒素系防腐剤（商品名；ＡＡ−５５Ｓｕｐｅｒ、大和化学工業（株）製）１重量部を１０重量部の水で希釈し、混合容器に投入し、攪拌用ショベルで均一になるまで混合した。
次に、得られた混合物に、実施例１で使用したと同一の顆粒状粉末の水溶性高分子粘着剤０．５重量部をふりかけつつ攪拌用ショベルを用いて均一になるまで混合し、マルチング材を得た。この状態では水溶性高分子粘着剤は粘性を十分に発現しておらず、取り扱いが容易であった。
(Example 2)
A mulching material different from Example 1 in that a water-soluble organic nitrogen-based preservative was used was produced as follows.
That is, the same compost as in Example 1 was screened with a screen, and a fiber length of 15 mm or more was adopted as the compost of the mulching material. 100 parts by weight of the compost was put into a mixing container, 2.5 parts by weight of the same water-soluble flame retardant used in Example 1 was added, and mixed using a stirring shovel until uniform.
Next, 1 part by weight of a water-soluble organic nitrogen-based preservative (trade name; AA-55 Super, manufactured by Daiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is diluted with 10 parts by weight of water, put into a mixing container, and uniformly mixed with a stirring shovel. Mix until.
Next, the obtained mixture was mixed with 0.5 g by weight of the same granular powder water-soluble polymer adhesive as used in Example 1 and mixed until uniform using a shovel for stirring. The material was obtained. In this state, the water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive did not exhibit sufficient viscosity and was easy to handle.
得られたマルチング材を用いて、着火試験を実施例１に記載した方法で行った。
試験において、フィルターまでのタバコ燃焼に約７分を要した。試験の結果、表面の着火、発煙の発生は認められなかった。
Using the obtained mulching material, an ignition test was performed by the method described in Example 1.
In the test, it took about 7 minutes to burn the tobacco to the filter. As a result of the test, neither surface ignition nor smoke generation was observed.
次に、得られたマルチング材を用いて、カビ、キノコ等の菌類発生試験を以下のようにして行った。
＜菌類発生試験＞
屋外の穏やかな傾斜地に１，０００×１，０００ｍｍの木枠を設け、そこにマルチング材を５０ｍｍ厚に転圧して敷き、カビ、キノコ等の菌類の飛散による菌類の発生の有無を６ヶ月間経過観察した。菌類の発生の有無の観察は、週１回目視により行った。なお、試験に際し土壌消毒し、カビ、キノコ等の菌類は土壌中に存在しないようにした。
得られたマルチング材の菌類発生試験は、１２月下旬から６月末までの期間行ったが観察期間中カビ、キノコ類の発生は全く認められなかった。
Next, using the obtained mulching material, a fungus generation test for fungi, mushrooms and the like was performed as follows.
<Fungus generation test>
A wooden frame of 1,000 x 1,000 mm is set up on a gentle slope outdoors, and the mulching material is rolled and laid down to a thickness of 50 mm, and the presence or absence of fungi due to the dispersal of fungi such as molds and mushrooms for 6 months Follow-up. The presence or absence of fungi was observed visually once a week. In addition, soil was disinfected during the test so that fungi such as molds and mushrooms were not present in the soil.
The fungus generation test of the obtained mulching material was conducted from the end of December to the end of June, but no generation of mold or mushrooms was observed during the observation period.
（比較例１）
水溶性難燃剤を混合していない点が実施例１とは相違するマルチング材を作製した。
すなわち、実施例１と同じ堆肥化物をスクリーンでふるい分けし、繊維長１５ｍｍ以上のものをマルチング材の堆肥化物に採用した。該堆肥化物１００重量部を混合容器に投入し、実施例１と同一の顆粒状粉末の水溶性高分子粘着剤０．５重量部をふりかけつつ攪拌用ショベルを用いて均一になるまで混合しマルチング材を得た。この状態では水溶性高分子粘着剤は粘性を十分に発現しておらず、取り扱いが容易であった。
(Comparative Example 1)
A mulching material different from that in Example 1 in that a water-soluble flame retardant was not mixed was produced.
That is, the same compost as in Example 1 was screened with a screen, and a fiber length of 15 mm or more was adopted as the compost of the mulching material. 100 parts by weight of the composted product is put into a mixing container and mixed with a stirring shovel while stirring 0.5 part by weight of the same granular powder water-soluble polymer adhesive as in Example 1 until mulching The material was obtained. In this state, the water-soluble polymer pressure-sensitive adhesive did not exhibit sufficient viscosity and was easy to handle.
得られたマルチング材を用いて、着火試験を実施例１に記載した方法、菌類発生試験を実施例２に記載した方法で行った。
着火試験において、フィルターまでのタバコ燃焼に約７分を要した。試験の結果、表面の着火は認められなかったが、表面から発煙の発生は認められ、タバコを置いたマルチング材の表面に焦げ跡が線状についていた。
Using the obtained mulching material, the ignition test was performed by the method described in Example 1, and the fungus generation test was performed by the method described in Example 2.
In the ignition test, it took about 7 minutes to burn the tobacco to the filter. As a result of the test, the surface was not ignited, but the generation of smoke was observed from the surface, and the burn marks were linear on the surface of the mulching material on which the tobacco was placed.
菌類発生試験は、実施例２と同期間行った。５月末にはカビ、キノコの発生が一部の領域において確認でき、６月末の試験終了時には、広がった領域と新たに発生した領域を含めカビ、キノコが試験面積のほぼ１／３において視られた。 The fungus generation test was performed for the same period as in Example 2. At the end of May, the occurrence of mold and mushrooms could be confirmed in some areas, and at the end of the test at the end of June, mold and mushrooms were observed in almost 1/3 of the test area including the expanded area and the newly generated area. It was.
１ 木枠
２ 土
３ マルチング材
４ たばこ
1
Claims (4)
前記堆肥化物は、Ｃ／Ｎ比が３５以下のものであって、水分率５５〜６５％において比重が１以上であり、堆肥化された樹皮の繊維長が１５ｍｍ以上であることを特徴とする難燃性マルチング材。
（水溶性難燃剤）
Ｃｎ＋２Ｈ２ｎ＋４Ｎｎ＋２Ｏ４ｎ＋３Ｐｎ （ｎが１〜１０） To the compost of hardwood bark, powdered water-soluble polyacrylamide is added as a water-soluble polymer adhesive paste, and the following water-soluble organophosphate nitrogen flame retardant is added as a water-soluble flame retardant,
The compost has a C / N ratio of 35 or less, a specific gravity of 1 or more at a moisture content of 55 to 65%, and a fiber length of composted bark of 15 mm or more. Flame retardant mulching material.
(Water-soluble flame retardant)
C n + 2 H 2n + 4 N n + 2 O 4n + 3 P n (n is 1-10)
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| CN103773165A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-07 | 南通钰成光电科技有限公司 | Waterproof flame-retardant coating for wood lampshade and preparation method thereof |
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| JP5921824B2 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2016-05-24 | 株式会社東商 | Soil surface drying prevention material |
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| CN103773165A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-07 | 南通钰成光电科技有限公司 | Waterproof flame-retardant coating for wood lampshade and preparation method thereof |
| CN103773165B (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2016-01-13 | 南通钰成光电科技有限公司 | A kind of wooden lampshade waterproof flame-retardant paint and preparation method thereof |
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