JPH08504559A - Motor system with individually controlled redundant windings - Google Patents

Motor system with individually controlled redundant windings

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Publication number
JPH08504559A
JPH08504559A JP6514388A JP51438894A JPH08504559A JP H08504559 A JPH08504559 A JP H08504559A JP 6514388 A JP6514388 A JP 6514388A JP 51438894 A JP51438894 A JP 51438894A JP H08504559 A JPH08504559 A JP H08504559A
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Prior art keywords
windings
winding
motor
rotate
rotational position
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JP6514388A
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Japanese (ja)
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ホエル,ロバート・エイチ
ザブコウ,ジグムント
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ハネウエル・インコーポレーテッド
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Publication of JPH08504559A publication Critical patent/JPH08504559A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/06Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】 故障許容ブラシレスDCモータは複数の並列な巻線を含み、各巻線は対応する1つの制御モジュールにより個別に制御される。少なくとも3つの巻線は、巻線の中の1つに短絡があった場合に、永久磁石が取付けられているモータの軸を回転させるためにその他の2つの巻線が磁界を発生し続けるように設けられている。単一の短絡の場合に、残る2つの巻線のうち一方が短絡した巻線により発生された抗力を無効にし、残る他方の巻線はモータの軸を回転させるのに十分な磁界を発生するように、少なくとも3つの巻線が設けられているのが好ましい。このモータシステムはロケットノズルのベクトル制御の分野に特に適用される。好ましい構成においては、システムは8つの巻線を含む。 (57) [Summary] A fault-tolerant brushless DC motor includes a plurality of parallel windings, and each winding is individually controlled by one corresponding control module. At least three windings ensure that, in the event of a short circuit in one of the windings, the other two windings continue to generate a magnetic field to rotate the shaft of the motor to which the permanent magnet is mounted. It is provided in. In the case of a single short circuit, one of the two remaining windings negates the drag force generated by the shorted winding and the other winding produces a magnetic field sufficient to rotate the motor shaft. Thus, at least three windings are preferably provided. This motor system has particular application in the field of rocket nozzle vector control. In the preferred configuration, the system includes eight windings.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 個別に制御される冗長巻線を有するモータシステム 発明の分野 本発明は、一般に、ブラシレスDCモータシステムに関する。特定すれば、本 発明は、ロケットエンジンのスラストベクトル制御における場合のように冗長性 が不可欠である信頼性の高い用途で使用するのに特に適合するブラシレスDCモ ータシステムに関する。 発明の背景 ロケットエンジンのスラストベクトル制御はこれまでは主に油圧アクチュエー タの使用によって実現されていた。油圧ポンプを採用する油圧アクチュエータは 一般に使用されてはいるが、要求する保守コストが高く且つ信頼性に欠けるとこ ろがあるという欠点を有する。さらに特定すれば、油圧ポンプは典型的には全速 力で動作するために、ロケットエンジンを制御する油圧系統は絶えず最大動力で 動作しなければならないのである。その他にも、ヒドラジンなどの危険な材料を 使用しなければならず、また、各部品にわたって作動油が存在するために、通常 非常に汚れているといった欠点がある。 油圧アクチュエータを目指す代替方式は電磁アクチュエータの使用に関わるも のであった。油圧系統と比べて、電磁アクチュエータシステムが使用するエネル ギーははるかに少なく、ミッション中、典型的な油圧アクチュエータシステムは それに匹敵する電磁アクチュエータシステムの34倍ものエネルギーを使用する のである。電磁アクチュエータシステムの使用によって得られる別の利点は、シ ステムが非常に頑丈であり且つ必要とされる保守は少ないということである。さ らに、そのような装置の設置は非常に簡単であり、ロケットの発射に先立って外 部バッテリ又は内部バッテリいずれかのパワーを使用してそのようなシステムの 試験を実行することができる。この点に関して、ロケットノズル制御に使用され る電磁アクチュエータシステムの中のモータ用として従来より3つの基本方式が 考えられてきた。特定していえば、これまでに考えられていたシステムは「磁気 抵抗切替え」、「AC誘導」及び「DCブラシレスモータ」である。 DCブラシレスモータは、ステッピングモータと呼ばれる開ループ制御多重歯 推進駆動装置から内部永久磁石回転子閉ループ機械及び外部永久磁石回転子閉ル ープ機械に至るまで、いくつかの構成で利用できる。性能や運動制御能力が多岐 にわたるため、そのようなモータは理論上はロケットのベクトル制御などの用途 、たとえば、ロケットモータノズルの向きの方向を制御するときに使用するのに 特に望ましい。ところが、モータの巻線に短絡が生じた場合、1つの巻線の短絡 で動作不能となってしまうDCブラシレスモータはもはや動かすことができない という事態になって、システムがきわめて重大な障害を受けることがありうると 考えられるので、そのようなモータはロケットノズル制御の分野では広くは使用 されていない。理解できるであろうが、モータにおけるそのような故障は、結果 として、ロケットミッションの徹底的、破滅的な障害を引起こす。 以上述べた油圧系統に代わるものとして、今日までにAC誘導モータの使用が 提案されてきた。そのようなシステムは、巻線の短絡時にAC誘導モータは通常 は不動の状態にならないという点で望ましいのであるが、AC誘導モータの電子 制御回路がきわめて複雑であり且つそのようなモータのトルク/回転数特性は大 きく変動し、ロケットノズルについて望まれる精密な制御を実行しないという欠 点を有する。 従って、本発明によれば、先に認めた重大な故障を引起こす可能性を克服しつ つ、油圧系統及びACモータシステムの欠点をいずれももたないDCブラシレス モータシステムが提案されている。さらに特定すれば、ここでは、動作中の巻線 短絡に対して故障許容性をもつDCブラシレスモータシステムを開示する。 発明の概要 本発明の1つの面に従えば、永久磁石モータシステムが提供される。永久磁石 モータシステムは複数個の永久磁石が取付けられている軸を有し、その軸はその 中心軸に対して回転自在に取付けられている。永久磁石は軸の所定の長さに沿っ て、その周囲をほぼ巡るように取付けられて、永久磁石に誘導力が加えられる結 果として軸を回転させる。永久磁石の周囲には、それぞれが互いに電気的に絶縁 された少なくとも3つの巻線が配置されており、各々の巻線は個別に電気的に励 磁されて、誘導磁界を発生する。発生した磁界は、発生した磁界と永久磁石との 相互作用の結果として軸を回転させる。個別の巻線制御装置、たとえば、パルス 幅変調制御装置チップは、万一、巻線の1つに短絡があった場合に、(1)軸を 回転運動させつつ駆動し続け且つ(2)短絡した巻線により発生する抗力を克服 するために必要な磁界を他の2つの巻線が発生し続けるように、各々の巻線を個 別に制御する。すなわち、このモータシステムは、DCブラシレスモータ構成で 起こりうる1つの巻線の短絡を考慮に入れた故障許容システムなのである。 巻線は、巻線の脚部の各々がその他の脚部と平行になるようにY字巻線構成を 成して配列されているのが好ましい。そのような構成は従来通りのものであり、 当業者には良く知られている。巻線制御装置は絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジス タパワーモジュールであるのが好ましい。好ましい構成では、巻線は少なくとも 3つの巻線、さらに好ましくは少なくとも8つの巻線から構成されている。理解 できるであろうが、8つの巻線を有する場合、万一、1つの巻線が短絡したなら ば、短絡による1つの巻線の損失のためにモータはその動力の3/4を依然とし て保持し、別の巻線は短絡を起こした巻線の抗力を克服するのに専念する。巻線 3つの構成で1つの巻線が短絡した場合には、1/3の動力が保持される。 本発明のより特定の面においては、軸の回転位置を検出する1つ又は複数のセ ンサが配置されている。センサはモータ制御装置に信号を供給し、モータ制御装 置は巻線の絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタパワーモジュールを制御して、軸 を所望の位置まで回転させるように巻線を励磁するための制御信号をパワーモジ ュールに対し発生する。 添付の図面を参照して、本発明の以下の詳細な説明を読めば、本発明のこれら の特徴及び利点並びにその他の特徴及び利点はさらに容易に明白になるであろう 。 図面の簡単な説明 図1は、本発明に従ったDCブラシレスモータシステムの制御回路アーキテク チャ及び巻線配列の概略図である。 図2は、モータ制御装置に接続し、且つモータ軸に位置センサが設置されてい る構成の制御モジュールを示す第2の概略図である。 詳細な説明 図1を参照すると、本発明に従った故障許容巻線制御システムはその全体を図 中符号11により指示されている。単一の共通軸13が示されており、その軸の 周囲には、関連する冗長巻線17がY字構成を成して配列している。軸13はそ の長さに沿って、軸13の周囲を囲んだ複数個の永久磁石15を含む。巻線17 は、個々別々に電気的に励起されて、磁石と相互に作用して軸13を回転させる 磁界を発生するように接続されている。各々の巻線17は3本の脚部19a,1 9b及び19cを有し、それらの脚部は従来の周知のY字構成を成して配列され ている。 図1では、各巻線17は個別に対応する制御モジュール21によって制御され るものとして示されている。それらのモジュール21は、たとえば、絶縁ゲート バイポーラトランジスタパワーモジュールである。すなわち、万一、1つの巻線 17が短絡した場合でも、それぞれ個別にパワーモジュール21により絶縁ゲー トバイポーラトランジスタ23a,23b及び23cを介して制御されるその他 の冗長巻線17がモータの軸13を駆動し続けるのである。 理解できるであろうが、故障許容動作を実現するためには、少なくとも3つの 巻線17、好ましくは(通常は、軸13の延長を示す太線の矢印により指示する ように)8つの巻線が存在すべきである。すなわち、巻線が3つの場合、短絡に よって1つの巻線17が失われると、その結果、モータは元来の駆動動力の少な くとも1/3を得るのであるが、巻線が8つある場合には、失われるのはその動 力のわずか1/4である。 モジュール21に関していえば、それらは従来通りのものであり、当業者には 良く知られている。そのような市販のモジュールの例としては、PWR−823 31高電流三相ブリッジパワーハイブリッドがある。そのようなモジュールの詳 細は、ILC Data Device Corporationによる刊行物PWR−28331 Smart Power Three−Phase Br idge (1989年刊)の中に開示されており、その開示内容は参考として本 明細書の中にも取入れられている。 パワーモジュール21を制御するために、モータ制御装置27が採用され、個 々の巻線17が発生する磁界により磁石が確実に同期して作用を受けるようにそ のパワーモジュールが同時される。そのような制御装置27は従来通りのもので 、良く知られており、たとえば、プログラム可能論理アレイ(PLA)の形態を と ることができる。 図2に示すように、モータのより精密な動作を確保するために、モータ制御装 置27によって軸13を位置させるべきであると指令されていた位置に対する軸 13の位置を検出するように位置センサ29を軸13に取付けることができる。 そのような場合、位置検出センサ29は位置信号をモータ制御装置27に供給し 、そこで位置信号は基準と比較され、その結果、誤差信号を得る。次に、誤差信 号は制御装置27により処理されて、発生する誤差信号が零に等しくなるまで誤 差を修正しつつ軸19を所望の位置へ回転させるための信号を制御モジュール2 1に対し発生する。 以上の教示に照らせば、本発明の変形や変更が可能である。従って、添付の請 求の範囲の範囲内で、特定して説明したもの以外の形でも本発明を実施しうるこ とが理解される。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The motor system invention having redundant windings are individually controlled generally relates brushless DC motor system. In particular, the present invention relates to a brushless DC motor system that is particularly suited for use in reliable applications where redundancy is essential, such as in thrust vector control of rocket engines. Background of the Invention Thrust vector control of rocket engines has heretofore been achieved primarily through the use of hydraulic actuators. Although hydraulic actuators that employ hydraulic pumps are commonly used, they have the drawbacks of high maintenance costs and lack of reliability. More specifically, since hydraulic pumps typically operate at full speed, the hydraulic system that controls the rocket engine must constantly operate at maximum power. Another disadvantage is that dangerous materials such as hydrazine must be used, and because of the presence of hydraulic oil across each part, they are usually very dirty. An alternative approach aimed at hydraulic actuators involved the use of electromagnetic actuators. Compared to hydraulic systems, electromagnetic actuator systems use much less energy, and during a mission, a typical hydraulic actuator system uses 34 times as much energy as a comparable electromagnetic actuator system. Another advantage obtained by using an electromagnetic actuator system is that the system is very robust and requires little maintenance. Furthermore, the installation of such a device is very simple and the test of such a system can be performed using the power of either an external battery or an internal battery prior to launching the rocket. In this regard, three basic methods have been conventionally considered for motors in electromagnetic actuator systems used for rocket nozzle control. In particular, the systems previously considered are "magnetoresistance switching", "AC induction" and "DC brushless motors". DC brushless motors are available in several configurations, from open loop controlled multi-tooth propulsion drives called stepper motors to internal permanent magnet rotor closed loop machines and external permanent magnet rotor closed loop machines. Due to the wide variety of performance and motion control capabilities, such motors are theoretically particularly desirable for use in applications such as rocket vector control, for example when controlling the orientation of a rocket motor nozzle. However, if a short circuit occurs in the winding of the motor, the DC brushless motor, which becomes inoperable due to the short circuit of one winding, can no longer be operated, and the system will be seriously damaged. Such motors are not widely used in the field of rocket nozzle control, as they are believed to be possible. As can be appreciated, such a failure in the motor results in a catastrophic failure of the rocket mission. The use of AC induction motors has been proposed to date as an alternative to the hydraulic systems described above. While such a system is desirable in that an AC induction motor will not normally be immobile upon winding short circuit, the electronic control circuitry of the AC induction motor is very complex and the torque / torque of such a motor is The speed characteristics are highly variable and have the drawback of not implementing the precise control desired for rocket nozzles. Therefore, according to the present invention, a DC brushless motor system is proposed which overcomes the previously recognized potential for serious failure, while avoiding the drawbacks of both hydraulic and AC motor systems. More particularly, here is disclosed a DC brushless motor system that is fault tolerant to operating winding shorts. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one aspect of the invention, a permanent magnet motor system is provided. The permanent magnet motor system has a shaft on which a plurality of permanent magnets are mounted, the shaft being rotatably mounted about its central axis. Permanent magnets are mounted about a predetermined length of the shaft, about the circumference thereof, causing the shaft to rotate as a result of the inductive force applied to the permanent magnet. At least three windings, which are electrically insulated from each other, are arranged around the permanent magnet, and each winding is individually electrically excited to generate an induced magnetic field. The generated magnetic field causes the shaft to rotate as a result of the interaction between the generated magnetic field and the permanent magnet. An individual winding controller, for example a pulse width modulation controller chip, should continue to drive while (1) rotating the axis and (2) short circuit should one of the windings be shorted. Each winding is individually controlled so that the other two windings continue to generate the magnetic field required to overcome the drag created by the windings. That is, this motor system is a fault tolerant system that takes into account one winding short that may occur in a DC brushless motor configuration. The windings are preferably arranged in a Y winding configuration such that each leg of the winding is parallel to the other leg. Such configurations are conventional and well known to those skilled in the art. The winding controller is preferably an insulated gate bipolar transistor power module. In a preferred arrangement, the windings consist of at least 3 windings, more preferably at least 8 windings. As you can see, with eight windings, if one winding were shorted, the motor would still hold 3/4 of its power due to the loss of one winding due to the short circuit. However, another winding is dedicated to overcoming the drag of the shorted winding. When one winding is short-circuited in the configuration of three windings, 1/3 of power is retained. In a more particular aspect of the invention, one or more sensors are arranged for detecting the rotational position of the shaft. The sensor provides a signal to the motor controller, which controls the insulated gate bipolar transistor power module of the winding to power the control signal to excite the winding to rotate the shaft to the desired position. Fires for a module. These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent upon reading the following detailed description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the control circuit architecture and winding arrangement of a DC brushless motor system according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram showing a control module which is connected to the motor control device and in which a position sensor is installed on the motor shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to FIG. 1, a fault tolerant winding control system according to the present invention is generally indicated by reference numeral 11. A single common axis 13 is shown, around which axis associated redundant windings 17 are arranged in a Y configuration. Shaft 13 includes along its length a plurality of permanent magnets 15 surrounding shaft 13. The windings 17 are individually electrically excited and are connected to generate a magnetic field that interacts with the magnets to rotate the shaft 13. Each winding 17 has three legs 19a, 19b and 19c, which are arranged in a conventional, well-known Y configuration. In FIG. 1, each winding 17 is shown as being individually controlled by a corresponding control module 21. The modules 21 are, for example, insulated gate bipolar transistor power modules. That is, even if one winding 17 is short-circuited, the other redundant winding 17 controlled individually by the power module 21 via the insulated gate bipolar transistors 23a, 23b, and 23c can drive the shaft 13 of the motor. It continues to drive. As will be appreciated, in order to achieve fault tolerant operation, at least three windings 17, preferably eight windings (usually as indicated by the thick arrows indicating extension of shaft 13), are required. Should exist That is, in the case of three windings, the loss of one winding 17 due to a short circuit results in the motor obtaining at least one-third of its original drive power, but with eight windings. Loses only 1/4 of its power. With respect to modules 21, they are conventional and well known to those skilled in the art. An example of such a commercially available module is the PWR-82331 high current three phase bridge power hybrid. Details of such modules are disclosed in the publication PWR- 28331 Smart Power Three-Phase Bridge (published 1989) by ILC Data Device Corporation, the disclosure of which is also incorporated herein by reference. It has been incorporated. In order to control the power module 21, a motor controller 27 is employed, which power modules are synchronized so that the magnets produced by the individual windings 17 act in a reliable and synchronous manner. Such controllers 27 are conventional and well known and may, for example, take the form of programmable logic arrays (PLA). As shown in FIG. 2, a position sensor is provided to detect the position of the shaft 13 relative to the position commanded by the motor controller 27 to position the shaft 13 in order to ensure more precise operation of the motor. 29 can be mounted on the shaft 13. In such a case, the position detection sensor 29 supplies a position signal to the motor controller 27, where the position signal is compared with a reference, resulting in an error signal. The error signal is then processed by the controller 27 to generate a signal to the control module 21 to rotate the shaft 19 to the desired position while correcting the error until the error signal generated is equal to zero. . Modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. Therefore, it is understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1.中心軸に関して回転するように取付けられた単一の軸と、 前記単一の軸の長さに沿って、その軸の周囲をほぼ巡るように取付けられた複 数個の永久磁石と; それぞれが個別にその他の巻線から電気的に絶縁されており、前記複数個の永 久磁石と相互に作用して、前記単一の軸を前記中心軸に関して回転させるための 誘導磁界を発生する少なくとも3つの個別に電気的に励起可能な巻線と、 それぞれが前記少なくとも3つの個別に電気的に励起可能な巻線のうちの対応 する1つの巻線に接続しており、各々の対応する巻線が同期して誘導磁界を発生 するように前記対応する巻線を同期して個別に制御する少なくとも3つの同期さ れる個別の制御手段とを具備するブラシレスDCモータシステム。 2.前記少なくとも3つの個別に電気的に励起可能な巻線の各々はY字構成で 配列され、且つ前記少なくとも3つの同期される個別の制御手段の各々は少なく とも3つの絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタパワーモジュールを含む請求項1 記載のシステム。 3.前記少なくとも3つの個別の電気的に励起可能な巻線は8組の巻線を含み 、各組はY字構成で配列されており、且つ前記少なくとも3つの同期される制御 手段は8つの絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタパワーモジュールを含む請求項 1記載のシステム。 4.前記単一の軸の回転位置を検出し且つ前記回転位置を指示する信号を発生 する位置検出手段と、 前記回転位置を指示する前記信号を受信し且つ前記少なくとも3つの巻線を励 起して前記単一の軸を所望の回転位置まで回転させるために制御信号を前記少な くとも3つの同期される個別の制御手段に対し発生するモータ制御装置手段とを さらに具備する請求項1記載のシステム。[Claims]   1. A single axis mounted to rotate about a central axis,   A compound mounted along the length of the single shaft approximately around the axis. Several permanent magnets;   Each is individually electrically isolated from the other windings, and For interacting with a permanent magnet to rotate the single axis about the central axis At least three individually electrically excitable windings for generating an induced magnetic field;   Corresponding of each of said at least three individually electrically excitable windings Connected to one winding, and each corresponding winding generates an induction magnetic field in synchronization To synchronously and individually control the corresponding windings so that And a brushless DC motor system.   2. Each of the at least three individually electrically excitable windings is in a Y configuration. At least three individual control means arranged and synchronized are less 4. Including three insulated gate bipolar transistor power modules together. The system described.   3. The at least three separate electrically excitable windings include eight sets of windings. , Each set is arranged in a Y configuration and said at least three synchronized controls The means include eight insulated gate bipolar transistor power modules. The system according to 1.   4. Detects the rotational position of the single axis and generates a signal indicating the rotational position Position detecting means,   Receiving the signal indicating the rotational position and energizing the at least three windings; Control signal to rotate the single shaft to a desired rotational position. A motor controller means for generating at least three synchronized individual control means; The system of claim 1, further comprising:
JP6514388A 1992-12-14 1993-12-09 Motor system with individually controlled redundant windings Pending JPH08504559A (en)

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US99224292A 1992-12-14 1992-12-14
US07/992,242 1992-12-14
PCT/US1993/011956 WO1994014226A1 (en) 1992-12-14 1993-12-09 Motor system with individually controlled redundant windings

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WO1994014226A1 (en) 1994-06-23
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