JPH08284583A - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To excavate and form a tunnel having a large diameter quickly and efficiently by mechanism excavation without particularly conducting blasting operation even to a stable hard ground such as a bedrock. CONSTITUTION: A front drum section 12 and a rear drum section 13 are connected in an extensible manner by a thrust jack, and the front gripper 18 of the front drum section 12 and the main gripper 19 of the rear drum section 13 are projected and forwarded and retreated alternately and the thrust jack is expanded and contracted while obtaining fixed reaction, thus gradually moving a tunnel excavator 10 forward in the so-called measuring worm manner. A pilot drum section 15 forward projected and arranged from a cutter head 11 precedently excavates a central pilot section prior to the excavation work of a broadened section by the cutter head 11 of the drum section 12 by a pilot cutter head 14 at the front end of the pilot drum section 15.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel machine, and more particularly, to a front body part having a cutter head for excavating a face at its tip and a rear body part slidably connected to the front body part. The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator that performs a tunnel excavation work while elastically sliding a front body and a rear body by receiving a reaction force from a rock mass on the outer periphery and a lining body provided at the rear of the body.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, a tunnel boring machine has been used as a machine for excavating and forming the entire cross section of a tunnel on relatively stable ground such as bedrock. A tunnel excavator consisting of a rear trunk and a rear trunk is known.

This tunnel excavator generally has a front body including a cutter head for excavating a face and a front gripper that projects outward and presses the outer ground, and a front body. From a rear body part that is slidably connected and has a main gripper that protrudes outward and presses the outer ground, and an expansion jack that expandably connects the rear body part and the front body part. The process of projecting the main gripper of the rear body part and obtaining the reaction force of excavation from the outer ground, extending the telescopic jack and performing the tunneling work by the cutter head of the front body part, and after that, the front body part By repeating the process of projecting the front gripper of the section and receiving the supporting reaction force from the outer ground, retracting the main gripper of the rear trunk and retracting the telescopic jack to pull the rear trunk, In which the vermiform go excavating a tunnel. In this tunnel boring machine, a reaction force may be obtained by a pressing jack from a rear lining body without using the main gripper.

In this tunnel excavator, since the target ground is a stable and relatively hard ground, the direct excavation reaction force is obtained from the stable ground at the outer periphery,
It is possible to efficiently and quickly excavate the entire cross section of the tunnel without performing blasting work.

[0005]

However, according to the above-mentioned tunnel excavator, unlike a shield excavator for a relatively soft earth and sand ground such as a soft ground where groundwater exists, a hard ground is used. Since it is a target, it is an economical and efficient excavating machine when used for excavation work of a relatively small diameter tunnel with a diameter of about several meters, while it has a large diameter of about 10 m or more, for example. When excavating a tunnel, a huge amount of excavation torque is required, and the equipment such as the roller cutter attached to the cutter head and its driving device needs to be very large, which makes the excavation work difficult. In many cases.

As a method for enabling the excavation work of such a large-diameter tunnel using a tunnel excavator, for example, a tunnel excavator for a pilot tunnel and a pilot tunnel followed by a tunnel excavator After using two tunnel excavators for reaming tunnels to widen the surrounding area and excavating the pilot tunnel, following this excavation work, while reducing the excavation resistance of the ground by the coring effect of the pilot tunnel, A method for expanding the width of a reaming tunnel has been proposed.

However, according to this method, the excavation work of the reaming tunnel is started only after the excavation work of the pilot tunnel of one work section has been completed, due to the transportation of the excavated earth and sand and the materials and equipment to the pilot tunnel. However, there was a problem that the construction period would be prolonged.

Further, until the work of the reaming tunnel is performed, it is necessary to temporarily protect the inner wall surface of the pilot tunnel by covering it with spray concrete.
Since these protective bodies such as sprayed concrete are removed during the excavation work of the reaming tunnel, the work is wasteful and the excavation work of the reaming tunnel is performed by the rock bolts etc. installed to appropriately reinforce the protective body. There was a problem that there is a risk of failure.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and a large-diameter tunnel can be excavated by mechanical excavation even on stable and hard ground such as bedrock without performing blasting work. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavator capable of excavating and forming a tunnel quickly and efficiently.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and its gist is to provide a front body portion having a cutter head for excavating a face at its tip and a front body portion. A gripper configured to be slidably connected to each other, and a telescopic jack that is provided between the front body portion and the rear body portion and that extends and contracts the front body portion and the rear body portion. Alternatively, in a tunnel excavator that performs a tunnel excavation work while obtaining a reaction force at the time of expansion and contraction by a pressing jack that presses a lining body provided at the rear, a cutter head of the front trunk portion is provided with a donut that is concentrically opened in the center. In the opening part of the cutter head of the front body part, a pilot body part having a pilot cutter head at the tip is arranged so as to project forward, and the central part of the face is set on the pilot cutter head. Ri was preceded drilling, in tunnel boring machine, characterized in that widening excavated tunnel face Subsequent to the front section of the cutter head to.

Further, in the tunnel machine according to the present invention, it is preferable that the pilot body is disposed so as to be able to slide forward and backward in an opening portion of a cutter head of the donut-shaped front body.

Further, in the tunnel machine according to the present invention, the pilot body may be provided with a pilot gripper which projects outwardly so as to be able to advance and retreat and presses the outer ground.

[0013]

According to the tunnel machine of the present invention,
The cutter head of the front torso is constructed in a donut shape with the center opening concentric with the circular cross section of the cutter head, and the pilot head equipped with a pilot cutter head at the tip of the opening of the cutter head of the front torso By arranging the trunk to project forward, the pilot cutter head can be used to reasonably excavate a small-diameter pilot tunnel in advance, and the inner wall of the pilot tunnel excavation remains protected by the pilot trunk. In this state, while the coring effect of the pilot tunnel is obtained, it is possible to perform widening excavation into a tunnel having a large diameter by the cutter head of the front trunk portion located on the outer peripheral portion thereof.

That is, the excavation work of the pilot tunnel by the pilot cutter head and the widening excavation work of the large diameter tunnel by the cutter head of the front trunk portion immediately after this can be performed substantially simultaneously and at the same time, the pilot It is not necessary to separately form a protective body that covers the inner wall surface of the tunnel, and since the excavation work of the pilot tunnel and the excavation work of the tunnel in the widening part are performed at approximately the same time by one excavator, the excavation work of excavated earth and sand and The necessary materials and equipment can be efficiently loaded and unloaded through a tunnel having a large cross section formed in the rear. The centering effect of the pilot tunnel when performing widening excavation can be easily exerted by ensuring a predetermined extra trench portion around the pilot tunnel.

Further, in the tunnel machine of the present invention, if the pilot body is arranged so as to be able to move forward and backward in the opening portion of the cutter head of the donut-shaped front body, the amount of protrusion and advancement thereof can be adjusted, It is possible to more efficiently perform the parallel work with the tunnel excavation work of the widened portion, and it is also possible to easily cope with curved construction.

Further, in the tunnel machine of the present invention, if a pilot gripper is provided on the pilot body so as to project outward and retreat to press the outer ground, a fixed reaction force can be obtained from the pilot gripper. It is possible to more stably expand and contract between the front body portion and the rear body portion.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The tunnel machine 10 according to this embodiment is used for excavating a large-section tunnel having an excavation diameter of about 11 m in a rock mass, for example, and as shown in FIG. A front body 12 having a doughnut-shaped cutter head 11 and a rear body 13 slidably connected to the front body 12.
And a cutter head 11 having a donut-shaped cross section of the front body portion 12.
And a pilot body 15 provided with a pilot cutter head 14 at the tip, which is arranged so as to project forward from the central opening portion of the.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, thrust jacks 16 as expansion / contraction jacks connecting the front body portion 12 and the rear body portion 13 to each other so that they can extend and contract are internally provided in each body portion. Support plate 1 provided on 12, 13
Both ends are supported by 7, and a plurality of them are provided in the tunnel circumferential direction, and a front gripper 18 projecting forwardly and backwardly is protruded from the front body portion 12, and a rear body portion 13 is forwardly and backwardly projectable. Main grippers 19 are provided as rear grippers projecting to the rear, and the thrust jacks 16 are expanded and contracted while alternately projecting the front gripper 18 and the main gripper 19 to obtain a fixed reaction force from the outer ground, and the so-called worm insect shape. The tunnel machine 10 can be moved forward.

Then, the tunnel machine 10 of this embodiment
Further, according to this, between the front body portion 12 and the pilot body portion 15, inside the front body portion 12, the sliding jacks 22 that extendably connect these are provided in the respective body portions 12, 15. A plurality of pilot plates are provided in the tunnel circumferential direction, both ends of which are supported by the supporting plate 20, and the pilot body 15 is also provided with a pilot gripper 38 that projects outwardly so as to be able to move forward and backward. It can be pressed against a mountain to obtain a fixed reaction force.

Here, the front body portion 12 of the tunnel machine 10 comprises a cylindrical outer shell body 21 having a reduced diameter portion 21a in the rear approximately half thereof, and has a rotatable cross section as described above. A doughnut-shaped cutter head 11 is provided at the tip, and a front gripper 18 and thrust jack 16 are provided.
In addition to supporting plates 17 and 20 for pivotally supporting the sliding jack 22, a rotary ring 27 having a cutter head drive motor 25 and fixed to the rear of the cutter head 11 via a gear mechanism 26, for example. The cutter head 11 can be rotationally driven by rotating the.

A plurality of roller cutters 28 are attached to the front surface of the cutter head 11, and the front body portion 12 is rotated while rotating the cutter head 11 and the roller cutter 28.
By advancing, the face face is crushed and excavated, and the widened portion can be excavated while taking the excavated earth and sand into the front body portion 12.

A first conveyor 29 for carrying out the excavated earth and sand taken in is arranged in the front body portion 12 so that one end of the first conveyor 29 extends to the rear of the rear body portion 13. A second conveyor 30 that extends rearward from immediately after the cutter head 14 is disposed so as to penetrate therethrough. In addition, one end of the second conveyor 30 has the first conveyor 2
The excavated soil from the pilot cutter head 14 carried by the second conveyor 30 is transferred to the first conveyor 29.

On the other hand, the rear body portion 13, which is slidably connected to the rear of the front body portion 12, has a fitting portion 31a for receiving a reduced diameter portion 21a of the front body portion 12 in a slidable manner in a front half thereof. It is composed of a cylindrical outer shell body 31 and has the main gripper 19 and the support plate 17 for pivotally supporting the thrust jack 16 as described above, and also has the first conveyor 29 and the second conveyor 30. Besides, a shield jack 32 as a pressing jack, an erector 34 for assembling a segment 33 as a lining body that covers the inner wall surface of the tunnel, and the like are provided inside the rear part thereof.

That is, the tunnel machine 1 of this embodiment
No. 0 is equipped with the shield jack 32, the erector 34, etc., so that during excavation work of rock mass, for example, a bad ground such as a crush zone is encountered and it becomes impossible to directly obtain the excavation reaction force from the ground around the tunnel. Even in such a case, these shield mechanisms can be used to continue the excavation work by taking a reaction force from the segment 33 assembled to the rear, and to protect the lining body by the segment 33 as a protective body for protecting the inner wall surface of the tunnel. It is equipped with the function of quickly assembling immediately after excavation.

Further, the pilot body 15 of the tunnel machine 10 includes the cutter head 11 of the front body 12.
Of the cylindrical outer shell 33 having a circular cross-section that substantially matches the central opening of the pilot cutter, and is arranged so as to slide forward and backward through the central opening, and as described above, Head 14 and pilot gripper 3
8 or a second conveyor 30, which extends rearward from immediately after the pilot cutter head 14, a support plate 20, and the like, and a pilot cutter head drive motor 39.
The pilot cutter head 14 can be rotationally driven by rotating a rotary ring 36 fixed to the rear of the pilot cutter head 14 via a gear mechanism 35.

As in the case of the cutter head 11, a plurality of roller cutters 28 are attached to the front surface of the disc-shaped pilot cataractor head 14, and the pilot cutter head 14 and the roller cutter 28 are rotated while the pilot is cut. By advancing the trunk portion 15, the face face is crushed and excavated, and the excavated work in the central portion of the tunnel can be performed while taking the excavated earth and sand into the pilot trunk portion 15.

Further, the thrust jacks 16 and the sliding jacks 22 are both hydraulic cylinder type, and a plurality of thrust jacks 16 and sliding jacks 22 are provided in the circumferential direction of the tunnel as described above. By moving the rear body portion 13 or the front body portion 12 and the pilot body portion 15 forward and backward, and by appropriately adjusting the expansion and contraction amounts of the thrust jacks 16 and the sliding jacks 22 arranged in plural,
By tilting the direction of excavation, it is possible to handle curved construction.

Then, the tunnel machine 10 of this embodiment
According to the above, when excavating and forming a large cross-section tunnel for rock mass, the central part of the face can be always excavated as a pilot tunnel with a small diameter. In parallel with the excavation work, when widening the outer peripheral portion of the excavation work, a core portion having a free surface of a dug portion 37 of a predetermined thickness formed and secured between the pilot body 15 and the inner wall surface of the tunnel is used. The effect is obtained, whereby the excavation torque by the cutter head 11 can be reduced and the tunnel having a large cross section can be efficiently excavated and formed.

The inner wall surface of the pilot tunnel excavated in advance is firmly protected by being covered with the outer shell 33 of the pilot body 15 until the widening excavation is carried out, and the central pilot is carried out in parallel. Of excavated earth and sand accompanying the excavation work of the part and the widened part, the import of materials and equipment,
The carry-out work can be efficiently performed as a unit through a large-section tunnel formed by excavation.

Further, since the pilot cutter head 14 and the cutter head 11 of the front trunk portion 12 are arranged so as to rotate concentrically in advance in one tunnel machine 10, the widening following the pilot tunnel is performed. It is possible to excavate a part of the tunnel along the pilot tunnel accurately and concentrically therewith.

Furthermore, since the pilot barrel 15 penetrates the central opening of the cutter head 11 and is installed so as to be able to slide forward and backward with respect to the front barrel 12 by the sliding jack 22, the preceding excavation length is adjusted. This enables more efficient excavation work, and the pilot body 15
Also, since the pilot gripper 18 is attached, the pilot gripper 18 is pressed against the natural ground on the outer periphery, and the fixing reaction force for expanding and contracting the front body portion 12 and the rear body portion 13 is not compensated. As a result, a more stable forward / backward movement can be performed.

The tunnel excavator of the present invention is not limited to that of the above-described embodiment, and for example, the pilot body 15 can be moved forward and backward at the central opening of the cutter head 11 without sliding. It may be fixed by projecting at the length of the pilot body 1
The pilot gripper 18 does not necessarily have to be provided in the No. 5.

[0033]

As described above in detail, according to the tunnel excavator of the present invention, the pilot trunk having the pilot cutter head at the tip, which projects forward from the central portion of the cutter head of the front trunk, is provided. Since it has the pilot cutter head, it is possible to excavate a small-diameter pilot tunnel in advance without difficulty, and in parallel with the preceding excavation work, the excavation inner wall surface of the pilot tunnel remains protected by the pilot trunk. With the front body cutter head located on the outer peripheral part of this, while obtaining the centering effect by the pilot tunnel,
Not only can wide excavation be carried out in a large-diameter tunnel, but also work for carrying out excavated soil and carrying in and out of necessary materials and equipment can be carried out as a unit through a tunnel with a large cross section formed at the rear. As a result, it is possible to excavate and form a large-diameter tunnel quickly and efficiently without performing blasting work even on stable and hard ground such as rock.

Further, if the pilot body is disposed so as to be able to move forward and backward in the opening of the doughnut-shaped front body cutter head, the amount of protrusion and retraction of the pilot body can be adjusted so that the pilot work can be carried out concurrently with the tunnel excavation work in the widened portion. Can be performed more efficiently, and it is possible to easily handle curved construction.

Furthermore, if a pilot gripper is provided on the pilot body so as to project outward and retreat and presses the natural ground on the outer periphery, a fixed reaction force is obtained from this to obtain a fixed reaction force between the front body and the rear body. Expansion and contraction sliding can be performed more stably.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a tunnel machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the tunnel machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Tunnel Excavator 11 Cutter Head of Front Body 12 Front Body 13 Rear Body 14 Pilot Cutter Head 15 Pilot Body 16 Thrust Jack (Expandable Jack) 18 Front Gripper 19 Main Gripper (Rear Gripper) 22 Sliding Jack 32 Shield Jack (Pressing jack) 33 segments (lining body) 38 pilot gripper

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A front torso portion having a cutter head for excavating a face at a tip, a rear torso portion slidably connected to the front torso portion, the front torso portion and the rear torso portion. It consists of an expansion and contraction jack which is installed between the two and expands and contracts, and a gripper that presses the outer peripheral ground or a pressing jack that presses the lining body provided behind is used to obtain the reaction force at the time of expansion and contraction of the tunnel. In a tunnel excavator for excavation work, the cutter head of the front trunk portion is configured in a donut shape with the center opening concentrically, and a pilot cutter head is provided at the tip of the opening portion of the cutter head of the front trunk portion. The pilot body provided with is projected forward, and the central portion of the face is previously excavated by the pilot cutter head, and subsequently, the face is widened by the cutter head of the front body. A tunnel excavator characterized by: 2. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the pilot body is arranged so as to be able to slide forward and backward in an opening portion of a cutter head of the donut-shaped front body. 3. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the pilot body includes a pilot gripper that protrudes outward so as to advance and retreat and presses the outer ground.