JPH0824497B2 - Irrigation / drainage system - Google Patents
Irrigation / drainage systemInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0824497B2 JPH0824497B2 JP3005919A JP591991A JPH0824497B2 JP H0824497 B2 JPH0824497 B2 JP H0824497B2 JP 3005919 A JP3005919 A JP 3005919A JP 591991 A JP591991 A JP 591991A JP H0824497 B2 JPH0824497 B2 JP H0824497B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- irrigation
- perforated pipe
- water
- drainage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は灌水・排水システムに関
するものであり、より詳細には、設備の設置のための費
用及び施工に要する労力を軽減でき、しかも、施工現場
において孔の間隔を容易に調整することができる灌水・
排水システムに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an irrigation / drainage system, and more specifically, it can reduce the cost for installation of equipment and the labor required for construction, and moreover, facilitate the space between holes at a construction site. Irrigation can be adjusted to
It concerns drainage systems.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】畑地の土壌に水分の補給等を行う灌漑方
式として、地上から土壌に給水を行う所謂地表灌漑方式
と、地下から畑地の土壌に給水を行う所謂地下灌漑方式
とが知られている。地下灌漑方式は地下土壌に水分を直
接補給でき、地表灌漑方式に比し、土壌水分環境の向上
等の観点から有利である。2. Description of the Related Art Known irrigation systems for supplying water to soil in upland fields are so-called surface irrigation systems that supply water to the soil from the ground and so-called underground irrigation systems that supply water to the soil in the field. There is. The underground irrigation method can supply water directly to the underground soil, and is more advantageous than the surface irrigation method from the viewpoint of improving the soil moisture environment.
【０００３】「千葉県角来地区の調査研究」（社団法人
大日本農会発行）に記載された或る地下灌漑方式の例を
第９図乃至第１１図に示す。この種の地下灌漑方式は、
比較的大規模な基盤整備事業に用いられるものであり、
一般に組合せ暗渠方式と呼ばれる。かかる灌漑システム
は、大区画田地に設けられ、制水門を有する水路１００
と、水路１００と連通する有材暗渠１０１と、有材暗渠
１０１と直交し、水路１００と連通する浅層弾丸暗渠１
０２とを備え、水路１００の水位を上げ、有材暗渠１０
１を通じて用水を地下から逆流させることにより土壌に
灌水し、また、水路１００の水位を下げることにより、
浅層弾丸暗渠１０１を通じて土壌から排水するように構
成されている。9 to 11 show an example of a certain underground irrigation system described in "Survey and Research of Kakurai District in Chiba Prefecture" (published by Dainippon Agricultural Society). This type of underground irrigation system
It is used for relatively large-scale infrastructure development projects,
Generally called a combination underdrain method. Such an irrigation system is provided in a large-scaled paddy field and has a waterway 100 having a flood control gate.
And a material culvert 101 communicating with the waterway 100, and a shallow bullet culvert 1 orthogonal to the material culvert 101 and communicating with the waterway 100.
02 and the water level of the waterway 100 is raised, and the material culvert 10
By irrigating the soil by backflowing water from the underground through 1, and by lowering the water level of the waterway 100,
It is configured to drain from the soil through the shallow bullet culvert 101.
【０００４】また、文献「農業および園芸No. ９」の第
８章「施設園芸における地下灌漑技術」に記載された他
の地下灌漑方式の例を第１２図に示す。この方式の灌漑
システムは、地中に埋設された雨樋２０１と、雨樋２０
１内に配置された排水ホース２０２と、雨樋２０１上に
満たされた砂２０３とを有し、給水管の代わりに、給水
溝として働く雨樋を用いて、土壌に灌水を行い、また、
排水ホース２０２によって土壌の排出を行うように構成
されている。FIG. 12 shows an example of another underground irrigation system described in Chapter 8 "Underground Irrigation Technology in Institutional Horticulture" of the document "Agriculture and Horticulture No. 9". This type of irrigation system is provided with a rain gutter 201 and a gutter 20 buried underground.
1 has a drainage hose 202 and a sand 203 filled on a rain gutter 201, and instead of a water supply pipe, a rain gutter acting as a water supply gutter is used to irrigate the soil, and
The drain hose 202 is configured to discharge the soil.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、これら
の地下灌漑方式は、地上灌漑方式に比べ有利であるもの
の、実用上、以下の如き問題点を有している。即ち、上
記各方式に従う灌漑システムでは、土壌に灌水を行うた
めの灌水口及び灌水手段（暗渠又は雨樋）と、土壌の排
水を行うための排水口及び排水手段（暗渠又は排水ホー
ス）とを夫々別個に設けなければならないことから、灌
漑システム自体の構造が複雑となるので、設備を設置す
る際に、著しく高価な設置費用を要し、この結果、一般
的な農家では、かかる設備を施工し難い。殊に、近年に
おいて、水田減反による転作や湿地帯に於ける畑地転換
方法として簡易に施工でき、また、ハウス栽培などの比
較的狭い場所で施工できる簡素化された灌漑システムが
要望されているが、上記方式の灌漑システムは、施工性
の観点から、このような要望に応ずることができなかっ
た。However, although these underground irrigation methods are more advantageous than the above-ground irrigation methods, they have the following problems in practical use. That is, in the irrigation system according to each of the above methods, an irrigation port and irrigation means (underdrain or rain gutter) for irrigating the soil, and a drainage port and drainage means (underdrain or drain hose) for draining the soil are provided. Since the structure of the irrigation system itself is complicated because it has to be provided separately, installation costs are extremely high when installing equipment, and as a result, ordinary farmers need to install such equipment. It's hard to do. In particular, in recent years, there has been a demand for a simplified irrigation system that can be easily constructed as a method of crop rotation due to reduction of paddy fields and conversion of upland fields in wetlands, and that can be constructed in relatively narrow areas such as greenhouse cultivation. The irrigation system of the above method could not meet such a demand from the viewpoint of workability.
【０００６】また、第９図乃至第１１図の組み合せ暗渠
方式では、土壌内部の均整化を保つために、毎年、少し
ずつ位置をずらしての浅層弾丸暗渠を施工する必要があ
り、農家は、これに要する費用及び労力を毎年負担しな
ければならない。更に、第１２図に示す地下灌漑方式で
は、緩衝材として砂を用いていることから、排水ホース
の目詰まりが生じ、その排水作用が悪化する。また、砂
自体に水を浸透させることから、灌水の際に、極めて長
い時間を要する。また、地下に埋設する有孔管は、一般
的には、工場において灌水孔又は排水孔を比較的狭い間
隔で多数形成することにより、製造されている。そのた
め、灌水孔又は排水孔の間隔を施工現場で調整すること
は困難である。また、従来の有孔管では、比較的多数の
灌水孔が管の下部や、側部分に設けられているので、給
水上流端付近の灌水孔から多量の給水が灌水として流出
してしまい、給水設備から離間した位置の有孔管部分、
殊に、有孔管の末端部には、十分な給水を給送すること
ができず、この結果、広範囲に亘って均一な灌水を行う
ことができなかった。 加えて、従来の有孔管では、多数
の孔が管壁の全周に亘って分散しているために、管の曲
げ剛性が低下してしまい、しかも、管長方向の孔の配置
間隔を自由に調整することができず、この結果、有孔管
を付設する際の施工性又は加工性が低下していた。 Further, in the combined underdrain method of FIGS. 9 to 11, it is necessary to construct a shallow bullet underdrain by shifting the position little by little every year in order to keep the soil inside uniform. , The cost and labor required for this must be paid annually. Further, in the underground irrigation system shown in FIG. 12, since sand is used as the cushioning material, the drainage hose is clogged and its drainage action is deteriorated. Further, since water permeates the sand itself, it takes an extremely long time to irrigate. In addition, perforated pipes buried underground are generally
In general, if the watering hole or drainage hole is relatively narrow in the factory,
It is manufactured by forming a large number at intervals. That
Therefore, the distance between the irrigation holes and drainage holes must be adjusted at the construction site.
It is difficult. Moreover, in the conventional perforated pipe, a relatively large number of
Since the irrigation holes are provided at the bottom and side of the pipe,
A large amount of water supply as irrigation from the irrigation holes near the upstream end of the water
The perforated pipe part at a position away from the water supply equipment,
Especially, supply sufficient water to the end of perforated pipe.
As a result, uniform watering is performed over a wide area.
I couldn't. In addition, many conventional perforated pipes
Since the holes in the pipe are distributed all around the pipe wall,
The rigidity is reduced, and the holes are arranged in the pipe length direction.
The spacing cannot be adjusted freely, which results in perforated tubes
The workability or workability when attaching the was deteriorated.
【０００７】本発明は、かかる点に鑑みてなされたもの
であり、その目的とするところは、設備の設置のための
費用及び施工に要する労力を軽減でき且つ装置の目詰ま
りを防止できるとともに、広範囲に亘って均一な灌水を
行うことができ、しかも、施工時に灌排水孔の間隔を容
易に調整することができる地下灌漑システムを提供する
ことを目的としている。[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the foregoing, it is an object of Rutotomoni prevents clogging of the costs and mitigation can and apparatus labor required in construction for the installation of equipment , Uniform watering over a wide area
Can be done, and the distance between the irrigation and drainage holes can be adjusted during construction.
The aim is to provide an underground irrigation system that can be easily adjusted .
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記目的を達
成するために、所定の深さで土壌中に埋設された有孔管
（１１）と、該有孔管に沿って、有孔管の側方及び上方
に有孔管を覆うように配置された緩衝材（１２）と、前
記有孔管に連結され且つ給水制御弁（１５）を有する給
水管（１４）と、前記有孔管に連結された排水用止水弁
（１３）とを有し、前記給水管は、前記給水制御弁を介
して前記有孔管内に水を供給し、前記止水弁は、有孔管
内の水を管外に排水するために排水手段（３）に連通
し、前記有孔管は、複数の短管部材（１１ａ）と、該短
管部材を相互連通するための配管（１１ｂ）とからな
り、前記緩衝材を通して上層部の土壌に灌水し且つ土壌
中の過剰水を有孔管内に流入させるための孔（１１ｃ）
が、前記短管部材（１１ａ）の各々の上部管壁に配置さ
れ、該短管部材の下部管壁は、平滑な内面を有し、 前記
孔は夫々、実質的に前記短管部材（１１ａ）の軸線と直
交する方向に細長く延びる長孔として形成され、前記短
管部材の周方向に延在しており、 前記短管部材の直径
は、前記配管の直径よりも大きく設定されており、該配
管は、前記短管部材の端部に嵌入し、前記孔（１１ｃ）
は、該短管部材に嵌入した前記配管の端同士の間の領域
にて全長に亘って管内領域に開口し、前記有孔管の孔の
縁部が、有孔管の管壁の肉厚（Ｈ）よりも薄い肉厚
（ｈ）に形成され、前記緩衝材は、所定の粒度の砕石か
らなり、前記有孔管の側面及び上面から所定の幅及び高
さの領域内に敷設されていることを特徴とする灌水・排
水システムを提供する。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a perforated pipe (11) embedded in soil at a predetermined depth, and a perforated pipe along the perforated pipe. A cushioning material (12) arranged to cover the perforated pipe on the side and above the pipe, a water supply pipe (14) connected to the perforated pipe and having a water supply control valve (15), and the perforated pipe A water stop valve for drainage (13) connected to the pipe, wherein the water supply pipe supplies water into the perforated pipe via the water supply control valve, and the water stop valve is provided in the perforated pipe. The perforated pipe is connected to a drainage means (3) for draining water out of the pipe, and the perforated pipe includes a plurality of short pipe members (11a) and a pipe (11b) for mutually connecting the short pipe members. A hole (11c) for irrigating the soil in the upper layer through the buffer material and allowing excess water in the soil to flow into the perforated pipe.
Is disposed but the upper tube wall of each of the front Kitankan member (11a)
Is, the lower tube wall of the short tube member has a smooth inner surface, said
Each of the holes is formed as an elongated hole extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the axis of the short tube member (11a),
Extending in the circumferential direction of the pipe member, the diameter of the short pipe member
Is set larger than the diameter of the pipe, and
The tube is fitted into the end of the short tube member, and the hole (11c)
Is a region between the ends of the pipe fitted in the short pipe member.
At the inner area of the pipe over the entire length, and the edge portion of the hole of the perforated pipe is formed to have a wall thickness (h) smaller than the wall thickness (H) of the pipe wall of the perforated pipe. Provides a irrigation / drainage system, which is made of crushed stone of a predetermined grain size and is laid in a region of a predetermined width and height from the side surface and the upper surface of the perforated pipe.
【０００９】本発明の上記構成によれば、有孔管は、灌
水と排水の両機能を備える。従って、一本のうね当たり
最少限の本数、例えば、一本の有孔管を埋設することに
より灌水及び排水を行うことができるので、設備の設置
のための費用及び施工に要する労力を軽減できる。ま
た、所定の粒度の砕石を緩衝材として用いたことによ
り、排水時に多量の土砂が孔に流入し難く、しかも、灌
水排水孔の縁部を有孔管の肉厚よりも薄い肉厚にかつ短
管部材(1１a)の軸線と直交する方向に細長く形成したこ
とにより、有孔管の孔に土砂又は小石が長期に亘って拘
束されず、従って、有孔管の孔の目詰まりが効果的に防
止される。According to the above configuration of the present invention, the perforated pipe has both functions of irrigation and drainage. Therefore, irrigation and drainage can be performed by burying a minimum number of ridges per ridge, for example, by burying one perforated pipe, reducing the cost for installation of equipment and the labor required for construction. it can. In addition, by using crushed stones with a predetermined grain size as a buffer material, it is difficult for a large amount of earth and sand to flow into the holes during drainage, and the edge of the irrigation and drainage holes has a wall thickness thinner than that of the perforated pipe. Short
By forming the tube member (11a) to be elongated in the direction orthogonal to the axis , the pores of the perforated pipe are not restrained by earth and sand or pebbles for a long period of time, so that the clogging of the perforated pipe hole is effective. To be prevented.
【００１０】更に、有孔管の孔から吐出される補給水に
よって、土壌洗浄を行ない、地中に堆積する余剰塩分又
は肥料を除去できるとともに、有孔管を利用して、液肥
の供給、土壌消毒又は土壌通気性の改良等を行うことが
可能となる。更に、短管部材(1１a)と該短管部材を連通
するための配管(11b) とからなり、前記緩衝材を通して
上層部の土壌に灌水し且つ土壌中の過剰水を有孔管内に
流入させるための孔(11c) を、上記短管部材(1１a)の上
部管壁に所定の間隔を隔ててかつ短管部材(1１a)の軸線
と直交する方向に細長く設けるから、各種の長さの配管
(11b) を準備して、これらを選択して使用することによ
り、施工現場の状況に合わせて灌水排水孔の間隔を容易
に調整することができる。本発明の好ましい実施態様に
おいては、前記有孔管の孔は、所定の幅又は直径を有
し、該孔の縁部にテーパが付けられ、該テーパは、管壁
の肉厚が孔の縁に向かって低減するように形成される。
好ましくは、有孔管の孔は、有孔管の軸線に対して実質
的に直交する方向に延びる長孔であり、土砂又は小石を
前記有孔管内に容易に通過させない所定の幅を有する。
好ましくは、孔の縁は、前記有孔管の肉厚よりも可及的
に薄い肉厚に形成される。この構成によれば、本出願人
が特願平２−２０４７２４号において記載したように、
有孔管の孔に土砂又は小石が長期に亘って拘束されるこ
となく、従って、有孔管の孔の目詰まりが更に効果的に
防止される。Further, the makeup water discharged from the hole of the perforated pipe can wash the soil to remove excess salt or fertilizer accumulated in the ground, and the perforated pipe can be used to supply liquid manure and soil. It is possible to disinfect or improve soil breathability. Further, the short pipe member (11a) and the short pipe member are communicated with each other.
Piping (11b) for
Irrigate the upper soil and excess water in the soil into the perforated pipe.
A hole (11c) for inflow is provided on the short pipe member (11a).
The axial line of the short pipe member (11a) with a certain distance from the pipe wall
Pipes of various lengths are provided because they are elongated in the direction orthogonal to
By preparing (11b) and selecting and using these
The distance between irrigation and drainage holes can be easily adjusted according to the situation at the construction site.
Can be adjusted to. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hole of the perforated pipe has a predetermined width or diameter, and the edge portion of the hole is tapered, and the taper has a wall thickness of the pipe wall that is equal to the edge of the hole. Is formed so as to decrease toward.
Preferably, the hole of the perforated pipe is an elongated hole extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the axis of the perforated pipe, and has a predetermined width that does not easily allow sediment or pebbles to pass through the perforated pipe.
Preferably, the edge of the hole is formed to have a wall thickness as thin as possible than the wall thickness of the perforated pipe. According to this structure, as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2-204724 by the applicant,
Sediment or pebbles are not bound to the holes of the perforated pipe for a long period of time, so that the clogging of the holes of the perforated pipe is more effectively prevented.
【００１１】本発明の更に好ましい実施態様では、前記
緩衝材の上層に位置する表土は、高さが少なくとも２５
０mmに設定され、前記緩衝材の高さ及び全幅が夫々、２
００mm及び５００mmに設定される。この構成によれば、
土壌に均一な灌水を行うことができる。この結果、作物
の根張りを改善し、また、灌水頻度を低減することが可
能となる。[0011] In a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the topsoil located above the cushioning material has a height of at least 25.
The height and width of the cushioning material are set to 0 mm and 2 respectively.
It is set to 00 mm and 500 mm. According to this configuration,
The soil can be uniformly watered. As a result, it becomes possible to improve the rooting of crops and reduce the frequency of watering.
【００１２】本発明の更に好ましい実施態様では、前記
給水管に供給される給水圧力を０．４kg／cm2 以上に設
定するための手段が設けられる。この構成によれば、補
給水によって、有効に土壌洗浄を行ない、地中に堆積す
る余剰塩分又は肥料を効果的に除去できる。本発明の更
に好ましい実施態様によれば、前記砕石の粒度は、ＪＩ
Ｓ−Ｓ１３相当のものが選択される。この構成によれ
ば、補給水の拡散及び排水を迅速且つ効果的に行うこと
が可能となる。[0012] In a further preferred aspect of the present invention, means is provided for setting the water supply pressure supplied to the water supply pipe to 0.4 kg / cm 2 or more. According to this configuration, the makeup water can be used to effectively wash the soil and effectively remove excess salt or fertilizer accumulated in the ground. According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crushed stone has a particle size of JI
The one corresponding to S-S13 is selected. According to this configuration, it becomes possible to quickly and effectively diffuse the makeup water and drain the makeup water.
【００１３】本発明の或る実施態様によれば、前記排水
手段は、排水トレンチであり、有孔管内の水は、前記止
水弁を介して、自然排水により排水トレンチ内に排出さ
れる。必要により、有孔管を強制排水設備に接続して迅
速に排水を行うようにすることもできる。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the drainage means is a drainage trench, and the water in the perforated pipe is drained into the drainage trench by natural drainage through the water shutoff valve. If necessary, the perforated pipe can be connected to a forced drainage facility so that the drainage can be performed quickly.
【実施例】【Example】
以下、添付図面に基づいて、本発明の好ましPreferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
い実施例について詳細に説明を行う。Examples will be described in detail.
第１図は、本発明FIG. 1 shows the present invention.
の実施例に係る灌水・排水システムを示す概略斜視図でFIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an irrigation / drainage system according to an embodiment of
あり、第２図は、第１図のＡ−Ａ線における拡大縦断面Yes, FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical section taken along the line AA of FIG.
図である。また、第３図は、第１図の拡大破断斜視図でIt is a figure. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cutaway perspective view of FIG.
ある。is there.
【００１４】第１図において、灌漑システム１０は、図
示しない栽培ハウス１内に、その主要部が設けられてい
る。栽培ハウス１は、略長方形平面のものであり、その
外壁１ａが、栽培地２の外周部に沿って配置されてい
る。栽培ハウス１の外壁１ａの外側には、栽培地２の外
周縁に沿って、溝又はトレンチ３が設けられており、ト
レンチ３は、栽培地２を囲む連続溝又はループを形成し
ている。In FIG. 1, the irrigation system 10 is provided with a main part in a growing house 1 (not shown). The cultivation house 1 has a substantially rectangular flat surface, and the outer wall 1 a thereof is arranged along the outer peripheral portion of the cultivation place 2. A groove or trench 3 is provided outside the outer wall 1a of the cultivation house 1 along the outer peripheral edge of the cultivation place 2, and the trench 3 forms a continuous groove or loop surrounding the cultivation place 2.
【００１５】栽培地２の幅は、略３．２ｍ乃至７．２ｍ
であり、栽培地２の長さは、略２０ｍ乃至５０ｍであ
る。栽培地２には、栽培地２の長さ方向に延びる複数の
うね（畝）４が設けられ、各うね４の間隔は、例えば、
６０cm乃至１ｍに設定されている。各うね４には、ほう
れん草などの所謂軟弱野菜が所定の間隔をなして植えら
れている。The width of the cultivation area 2 is approximately 3.2 m to 7.2 m.
The length of the cultivated area 2 is approximately 20 m to 50 m. The cultivated land 2 is provided with a plurality of ridges (ridges) 4 extending in the length direction of the cultivated land 2, and the intervals between the ridges 4 are, for example,
It is set to 60 cm to 1 m. In each ridge 4, so-called soft vegetables such as spinach are planted at predetermined intervals.
【００１６】灌漑システム１０は、各うね４の直下に埋
設された有孔管１１と、有孔管１１の周りに敷設された
緩衝材１２と、各有孔管１１の両端部に夫々取付けられ
た止水弁１３、１３と、有孔管１１に連結された給水管
１４と、各給水管１４の上流端に取付けられた給水制御
弁１５とから略構成されている。第４図は、斜め上方か
ら見た有孔管１１の拡大斜視図であり、第５図は、有孔
管１１の拡大縦断面図である。The irrigation system 10 is provided with perforated pipes 11 buried directly under each ridge 4, cushioning materials 12 laid around the perforated pipes 11, and attached to both ends of each perforated pipe 11, respectively. The water shutoff valves 13 and 13, the water feed pipes 14 connected to the perforated pipes 11, and the water feed control valves 15 attached to the upstream ends of the water feed pipes 14 are substantially configured. FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the perforated pipe 11 as seen obliquely from above, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the perforated pipe 11.
【００１７】第４図及び第５図に示すように有孔管１１
は、短管部材１１ａと、短管部材１１ａに嵌入されて、
その両端部に接続された配管１１ｂとから構成されてい
る。短管部材１１ａには、上方に開口した長孔１１ｃが
形成され、長孔１１ｃは、配管１１ｂの軸線方向に直交
する方向に延びている。長孔１１ｃの幅Ｗは、例えば、
０．５mm乃至１．０mmに設定されている。また、長孔１
１ｃの縁部分は、テーパ１１ｄが付けられており、長孔
１１ｃの縁の肉厚ｈは、短管部材１１ａの肉厚Ｈよりも
可成り小さく設定されている。有孔管１１は、長孔１１
ｃに土砂又は小石が長期に亘って拘束されることなく、
長孔１１ｃの目詰まりが効果的に防止される。なお、本
出願人は、この構造の短管部材に関し、特願平２−２０
４７２４号において詳細に説明しているので、該特許出
願を引用することにより、短管部材１１ａに関する詳細
な説明を省略する。As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a perforated pipe 11 is provided.
Is fitted into the short pipe member 11a and the short pipe member 11a,
It is composed of a pipe 11b connected to both ends thereof. An elongated hole 11c that opens upward is formed in the short pipe member 11a, and the elongated hole 11c extends in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the pipe 11b. The width W of the long hole 11c is, for example,
It is set to 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm. Also, the long hole 1
The edge portion 1c has a taper 11d, and the wall thickness h of the edge of the long hole 11c is set to be considerably smaller than the wall thickness H of the short pipe member 11a. The perforated tube 11 is a long hole 11
Without being bound by earth or sand or pebbles for a long time,
The clogging of the long hole 11c is effectively prevented. The applicant of the present invention is concerned with the short tube member of this structure in Japanese Patent Application No. 2-20.
Since it is described in detail in No. 4724, the detailed description regarding the short pipe member 11a will be omitted by quoting the patent application.
【００１８】短管部材１１ａと配管１１ｂとは、交互に
配置されており、配管１１ｂの長さは、各長孔１１ｃ
が、例えば、６０cm乃至１ｍの間隔ｌを隔てて配置され
るように設定されている。第２図に示すように、有孔管
１１は、表土からの管底深さ略４５０mmに埋設され、そ
の上方及び側方に緩衝材１２が敷設されている。緩衝材
１２は、砕石からなり、砕石は、好ましくは、ＪＩＳ−
Ｓ１３程度の粒度を有するものが用いられる。The short pipe members 11a and the pipes 11b are alternately arranged, and the length of the pipes 11b is the long holes 11c.
Are set to be spaced apart by an interval 1 of 60 cm to 1 m, for example. As shown in FIG. 2, the perforated pipe 11 is buried at a bottom depth of approximately 450 mm from the topsoil, and the cushioning material 12 is laid above and on the side thereof. The cushioning material 12 is made of crushed stone, and the crushed stone is preferably JIS-
A material having a particle size of about S13 is used.
【００１９】緩衝材１２は、上面の深さＳＤが２５０m
m、幅ＳＷが５００mm、高さＳＨが２００mmに設定され
ている。かかる緩衝材１２の材質及び寸法は、以下の如
く設定された。本例の栽培ハウス１程度の規模の所謂パ
イプハウスでは、ハウスの広さなどから、大型機械によ
る耕運は実際上無理である。使用可能な農機類は、比較
的小型の管理機が主力となると考えられる。このような
管理機では、耕運の深さは１５０mm〜２００mmが限界で
あり、従って、深さＳＤ、即ち、表土厚さは概ね２５０
mm以上確保すれば良い。The cushioning material 12 has an upper surface depth SD of 250 m.
m, width SW is set to 500 mm, and height SH is set to 200 mm. The material and dimensions of the cushioning material 12 were set as follows. In the case of a so-called pipe house of the scale of the cultivation house 1 of this example, cultivation by a large machine is practically impossible due to the size of the house. Agricultural machines that can be used are thought to be relatively small management machines. In such a management machine, the cultivating depth is limited to 150 mm to 200 mm, and therefore the depth SD, that is, the surface soil thickness is about 250.
It is sufficient to secure at least mm.
【００２０】また、灌漑システム１０において、もし地
中内で灌水する補給水の拡散状態が悪ければ灌漑システ
ム１０は、有効に機能せず、従って、緩衝材１２の材質
は極めて重要な因子である。緩衝材１２の材質は、多く
の従来方式では、モミガラが採用されていた。しかし、
モミガラを緩衝材として用いて試験を行った結果、モミ
ガラは、埋設後約６ヶ月で嫌気化が起こり、これによっ
て、灌水機能の低下と排水性の悪化が生起した。このた
め、比較的容易に入手可能な砕石を用いて、砕石の幅、
高さ及び粒度について試験を行い、この結果、幅ＳＷを
５００mmとし、高さＳＨを２００mmとし、更に、砕石の
粒度をＪＩＳ−Ｓ１３に設定したときに、地中における
補給水の拡散状態に関し、好ましい結果が得られた（こ
の実験結果については後述する）。かくして、本例にお
いては、上述の如く、緩衝材１２の材質及び寸法を設定
した。In addition, in the irrigation system 10, if the state of diffusion of the makeup water for irrigating the ground is poor, the irrigation system 10 does not function effectively, and therefore, the material of the cushioning material 12 is a very important factor. . As the material of the cushioning material 12, chaffing was used in many conventional methods. But,
As a result of a test using pearl husks as a cushioning material, the pearl husks were anaerobicized about 6 months after burial, which resulted in deterioration of irrigation function and deterioration of drainage. Therefore, the width of the crushed stone,
The height and the particle size were tested, and as a result, the width SW was set to 500 mm, the height SH was set to 200 mm, and the particle size of the crushed stone was set to JIS-S13. Favorable results were obtained (results of this experiment will be described later). Thus, in this example, the material and dimensions of the cushioning material 12 were set as described above.
【００２１】第１図乃至第３図を参照して説明したよう
に、止水弁１３、１３は、各有孔管１１の両端部に夫々
取付けられる。各止水弁１３は、手動操作弁であり、容
易に手動操作し得るようにトレンチ３内に配置されてい
る。また、止水弁１３の下流側には、トレンチ３の底面
に向けられた吐出管１３ａが取付けられている。また、
各有孔管１１に連結された給水管１４は、各有孔管１１
から側方に延びて、バルブボックス１６内に配置された
給水制御弁１５に夫々連結されている。給水制御弁１５
は、手動操作式の仕切弁であり、その上流側が、給水管
１７に接続されている。給水管１７は、概略的に示すよ
うに、架台１８によって地上面から所定の高さだけ持ち
上げられている給水タンク１９に接続されている。給水
タンク１９により供給される給水圧力は、好ましくは、
略０．４kg／cm2 に設定されている。給水タンク１９に
は、給水タンク１９の所定の水位を維持するように、図
示しない給水本管から井水又は水道水などが間歇的に補
給される。As described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, the water shutoff valves 13 and 13 are attached to both ends of each perforated pipe 11, respectively. Each water shutoff valve 13 is a manually operated valve, and is arranged in the trench 3 so as to be easily manually operated. Further, a discharge pipe 13 a facing the bottom surface of the trench 3 is attached on the downstream side of the water shutoff valve 13. Also,
The water supply pipe 14 connected to each perforated pipe 11 is
To the water supply control valve 15 arranged in the valve box 16 and connected to the water supply control valve 15. Water supply control valve 15
Is a manually operated sluice valve, the upstream side of which is connected to the water supply pipe 17. As schematically shown, the water supply pipe 17 is connected to a water supply tank 19 which is lifted by a mount 18 from the ground surface by a predetermined height. The water supply pressure supplied by the water supply tank 19 is preferably
It is set to approximately 0.4 kg / cm 2 . The water supply tank 19 is intermittently replenished with well water or tap water from a water supply main (not shown) so as to maintain a predetermined water level in the water supply tank 19.
【００２２】このように構成された灌漑システム１０
は、以下の如く操作される。土壌を灌水させるとき、各
給水制御弁１５を手動操作によって開き、給水タンク１
９内の補給水を給水管１７、給水制御弁１５及び給水管
１４を介して、各有孔管１１に供給する。各有孔管１１
は、その長孔１１ｃから補給水を吐出する。長孔１１ｃ
から吐出した補給水は、緩衝材１２を通って、周囲の土
壌に拡散して、該土壌中に浸透する。The irrigation system 10 thus configured
Is operated as follows. When irrigating the soil, each water supply control valve 15 is opened by manual operation, and the water supply tank 1
The makeup water in 9 is supplied to each perforated pipe 11 through the water supply pipe 17, the water supply control valve 15, and the water supply pipe 14. Each perforated tube 11
Discharges makeup water from the long hole 11c. Long hole 11c
The makeup water discharged from the water passes through the buffer material 12, diffuses into the surrounding soil, and permeates into the soil.
【００２３】補給水が地表面まで上昇したことを地上か
ら視認したとき、各給水制御弁１５を手動操作によって
閉じ、次いで、各止水弁１３を、手動操作によって開
く。土壌中の余剰水分と、有孔管１１及び給水管１４内
の補給水とが、各止水弁１３を介して、トレンチ３内に
排出される。各止水弁１３からの排水が終了したとき、
各止水弁１３を手動操作によって閉じ、かくして、一回
の土壌灌水操作が終了する。When it is visually recognized from the ground that the makeup water has risen to the ground surface, each water supply control valve 15 is closed manually, and then each water shutoff valve 13 is opened manually. And excess moisture in the soil, and makeup water perforated pipe 11 and the water supply pipe 14, through each water stop valve 13, and is discharged into the trench 3. When drainage from each stop valve 13 is completed,
Each water shutoff valve 13 is closed manually, and thus one soil watering operation is completed.
【００２４】第６図は、上記灌漑システムの実験装置を
示す概略斜視図であり、第７図は、該実験装置を用いた
試験において得られた土壌の灌水状態を示す線図であ
る。第６図に示す実験装置５０では、土壌６１で満たさ
れた箱体６２内に、上方に向いた複数の長孔５１ｃを有
する有孔管５１が配置され、有孔管５１は、両端部分が
箱体５２を貫通している。箱体６２の幅及び奥行きは、
共に１ｍである。また、有孔管５１の管底深さは約４５
０mmに設定されている。有孔管５１の下流端には止水弁
５３が取付けられ、その上流端には、圧力計５４ａを備
えた給水管５４が連結されている。給水管５４は、給水
制御弁５５を介して、上流側の給水管５７に連結されて
いる。給水管５７には、圧力計５７ａ及び圧力制御弁５
７ｂが取付けられ、給水管５７の上流端は給水ポンプ６
０の吐出口に連結されている。給水ポンプ６０の吸引口
は、手動操作弁６０ａを介して、給水タンク５９の下部
取出口に連結されている。緩衝材（図示せず）としての
砕石（粒度；ＪＩＳ−Ｓ１３）が、前述の如く深さＳＤ
＝２５０mm、高さＳＨ＝２００mmとなるように敷設され
た。FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing an experimental apparatus of the irrigation system, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a watering state of soil obtained in a test using the experimental apparatus. In the experimental apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 6, a perforated tube 51 having a plurality of upward long holes 51c is arranged in a box body 62 filled with soil 61, and the perforated tube 51 has both end portions. It penetrates the box 52. The width and depth of the box 62 are
Both are 1 m. The depth of the bottom of the perforated pipe 51 is about 45.
It is set to 0 mm. A water shutoff valve 53 is attached to the downstream end of the perforated pipe 51, and a water supply pipe 54 equipped with a pressure gauge 54a is connected to its upstream end. The water supply pipe 54 is connected to an upstream water supply pipe 57 via a water supply control valve 55. The water supply pipe 57 includes a pressure gauge 57a and a pressure control valve 5
7b is attached, and the upstream end of the water supply pipe 57 is the water supply pump 6
It is connected to the discharge port of 0. The suction port of the water supply pump 60 is connected to the lower outlet of the water supply tank 59 via a manually operated valve 60a. The crushed stone (grain size; JIS-S13) as the cushioning material (not shown) has the depth SD as described above.
= 250 mm and height SH = 200 mm.
【００２５】砕石の幅ＳＷは、２２０mm、５００mm、７
００mmの３例を選択し、これらの幅の砕石に関し夫々、
実験装置５０を用いて、上述の操作により、土壌６１に
灌水試験を行った。この結果、各幅の砕石について、第
７図に示すような土壌中の灌水状態が夫々得られると判
った。第７図に示すように、砕石の幅ＳＷが２２０mmの
場合、土壌中の水分は、曲線Ａで示す高さまで拡散し
た。曲線Ａから明らかなように、有孔管５１の直上部で
は、水分が地表面に達するが、有孔管５１から側方に離
れるにつれて、水分の拡散領域は低下し、箱体６２の内
壁近傍では、水分は、有孔管５１の深さの約２８％まで
しか上昇していない。The width SW of the crushed stone is 220 mm, 500 mm, 7
Select three examples of 00 mm, and for crushed stones of these widths,
The irrigation test was performed on the soil 61 by the above-mentioned operation using the experimental apparatus 50. As a result, it was found that the irrigated state in the soil as shown in FIG. 7 was obtained for each width of crushed stone. As shown in FIG. 7, when the width SW of the crushed stone was 220 mm, the water content in the soil diffused to the height indicated by the curve A. As is clear from the curve A, the water reaches the ground surface immediately above the perforated pipe 51, but the water diffusion region decreases as it moves away from the perforated pipe 51 to the side, and the vicinity of the inner wall of the box 62 is reduced. Then, the water content has risen only up to about 28% of the depth of the perforated tube 51.
【００２６】砕石の幅ＳＷが５００mm又は７００mmの場
合、曲線Ｂ、Ｃで示すように、有孔管５１の直上の地表
面に水分が達したとき、有孔管５１の側方においても
又、略地表面付近まで水分が達している。この試験結果
より、砕石の幅ＳＷが大きいほど、水分の良好な拡散状
態が得られることが判明した。また、砕石幅ＳＷを５０
０mm以上に設定すれば、有孔管５１のかなり側方の土壌
であっても、良好な水分の拡散状態を実現できると判っ
たので、実際に有孔管５１及び緩衝材を施工する上で、
施工費用や、工事の手間等の観点から、砕石幅ＳＷを５
００mmに設定するのが有利である。When the width SW of the crushed stone is 500 mm or 700 mm, as shown by the curves B and C, when moisture reaches the ground surface directly above the perforated pipe 51, it is also on the side of the perforated pipe 51. Moisture reaches near the ground surface. From this test result, it was found that the larger the width SW of the crushed stone, the better the diffusion state of water. The crushed stone width SW is 50
By setting it to 0 mm or more, it was found that a good moisture diffusion state can be realized even in the soil considerably on the side of the perforated pipe 51, so when actually constructing the perforated pipe 51 and the cushioning material ,
The crushed stone width SW is set to 5 from the viewpoint of construction cost and labor of construction.
It is advantageous to set it to 00 mm.
【００２７】更に、上記実験装置５１を用いて、砕石の
粒度を変えて同様な試験を行ったが、粒度が大きくなる
につれて、有孔管５１の直上部の地表面に集中的に水分
が吐出するとともに、給水圧力の制御が困難となり、こ
の結果、砕石の粒度は、ＪＩＳ−Ｓ１３程度が適当であ
ると判った。第８図は、かかる試験に基づいて施工され
た上記灌漑システム１０により作物を播種した場合の作
物の生育結果と、地表から水分を補給する地表灌水方式
により作物を播種した場合の生育結果を示す図である。Further, a similar test was conducted by changing the particle size of the crushed stones by using the above-mentioned experimental apparatus 51. As the particle size became larger, water was intensively discharged onto the ground surface immediately above the perforated pipe 51. At the same time, it became difficult to control the water supply pressure, and as a result, it was found that JIS-S13 is suitable for the particle size of the crushed stone. FIG. 8 shows the growth result of the crop when the crop was sown by the irrigation system 10 constructed based on the test, and the growth result when the crop was sown by the surface irrigation method of supplying water from the surface. It is a figure.
【００２８】栽培テスト用の作物は、連作障害に反応し
やすく、土壌病害の立枯病や、べと病が発生し易い所謂
軟弱植物であるほうれん草を選択した。また、作土とし
て水田土を用い、肥料を施した後播種した。また、両方
式による栽培は共にハウス栽培であり、各回数毎に、同
時期に、一回の栽培当たり３０日乃至５０日を要して行
われた。As the crop for the cultivation test, spinach, which is a so-called soft plant, which is liable to react to the continuous cropping failure and prone to the root disease of soil disease and downy mildew, was selected. In addition, paddy soil was used as the soil, and the fertilizer was applied thereto, and then the seeds were sown. In addition, both types of cultivation were house cultivation, and each time, 30 to 50 days were required for each cultivation at the same time.
【００２９】第８図に示すように、灌漑システム１０に
よる灌水法（図では、灌水装置法と称する）で栽培した
ほうれん草は、地表灌水方式で栽培されたほうれん草に
比べ、良好な生育結果を呈する。これは、灌漑システム
１０が、地中からの灌水によって作物の根部、主として
枝根へ水を浸透させ、根張りを改善して成長を促進する
とともに、土壌の状態を良好な状態に保持する機能を有
することを意味している。As shown in FIG. 8, spinach cultivated by the irrigation method using the irrigation system 10 (referred to as an irrigation device method in the figure) exhibits better growth results than spinach cultivated by the surface irrigation method. . This is a function of the irrigation system 10 to infiltrate water into the roots of crops, mainly branch roots, by irrigation from the ground, improve rooting and promote growth, and keep the soil in good condition. Is meant to have.
【００３０】このように、本実施例による灌漑システム
１０では、管底が地表面から４５０ｍｍの深さで土壌中
に埋設された有孔管１１と、該有孔管１１に沿って、有
孔管１１の側方及び上方に有孔管１１を覆うように配置
された緩衝材１２と、有孔管１１に連結され、給水制御
弁１５を有する給水管１４と、有孔管１１の両端に連結
された止水弁１３とを有し、有孔管１１は、有孔管１１
から緩衝材１２を通して上層部の土壌に灌水し、植物の
根部に水分補給を行うとともに、灌水後の過剰水を有孔
管１１及び止水弁１３を介して外部に排水するために、
所定の間隔を隔てて、上方に向いた長孔１１ｃを備え、
緩衝材１２は、ＪＩＳ−Ｓ１３の粒度を有する砕石から
なり、有孔管１１を中心として５００ｍｍ以上の幅及び
２００ｍｍの高さの領域内に敷設されている。As described above, in the irrigation system 10 according to the present embodiment, the bottom of the pipe is buried in the soil at a depth of 450 mm from the ground surface, and the perforated pipe 11 is provided along the perforated pipe 11. A cushioning material 12 arranged to cover the perforated pipe 11 on the side and above the pipe 11, a water supply pipe 14 connected to the perforated pipe 11 and having a water supply control valve 15, and both ends of the perforated pipe 11 The perforated pipe 11 has a water shutoff valve 13 connected to the perforated pipe 11.
In order to irrigate the soil in the upper layer through the buffer material 12 to hydrate the roots of the plants and to drain the excess water after irrigation to the outside through the perforated pipe 11 and the water shutoff valve 13.
Equipped with long holes 11c facing upward with a predetermined space between them,
The cushioning material 12 is made of crushed stone having a particle size of JIS-S13, and is laid in a region having a width of 500 mm or more and a height of 200 mm around the perforated pipe 11.
【００３１】また、長孔１１ｃは、土砂又は小石を有孔
管１１内に容易に通過させない所定の幅又は直径を有
し、長孔１１ｃの縁部が、有孔管１１の肉厚よりも可及
的に薄い肉厚に形成されている。かかる灌漑システム１
０は、灌水時に作物の葉裏に土壌の跳ね返りがなく、土
壌病の病害を解消するので、地表灌水に比べ、極めて有
利である。 また、かかる灌漑システム１０では、有孔
管１１は、灌水と排水の両機能を備えていることから、
一本のうね当たり最低限一本の有孔管を埋設することに
より灌水及び排水を行うことができるので、設備の設置
のための費用及び施工に要する労力を軽減でき、また、
ＪＩＳ−Ｓ１３の粒度の砕石を緩衝材として用いたこと
により、補給水の拡散及び排水を迅速且つ効果的に行う
とともに、長孔１１ｃの目詰まりを効果的に防止でき
る。しかも、長孔１１ｃの上記構成により、有孔管の孔
の目詰まりが一層効果的に防止される。また、上記実験
結果から明らかなように、土壌に均一な灌水を行うこと
ができる結果、作物の根張りを改善し、また、灌水頻度
を低減することが可能となる。例えば、上記試験例によ
り、本例の灌漑システム１０によれば、一作当たり一夏
に３回の灌水、または一作当たり一冬に１回の灌水で十
分であると判った。The long hole 11c has a predetermined width or diameter that does not allow sand or pebbles to easily pass through the perforated pipe 11, and the edge of the long hole 11c is thicker than the wall thickness of the perforated pipe 11. The wall thickness is as thin as possible. This irrigation system 1
0 is extremely advantageous as compared with the surface irrigation, since the soil does not bounce on the back of the leaves of the crop during irrigation and the soil disease is eliminated. In addition, in the irrigation system 10, since the perforated pipe 11 has both functions of irrigation and drainage,
Since irrigation and drainage can be performed by burying at least one perforated pipe per ridge, it is possible to reduce the cost for installation of equipment and the labor required for construction, and
By using the crushed stone having the particle size of JIS-S13 as the cushioning material, the makeup water can be diffused and drained quickly and effectively, and the oblong holes 11c can be effectively prevented from being clogged. Moreover, due to the above-described configuration of the long hole 11c, the clogging of the hole of the perforated pipe is prevented more effectively. Further, as is clear from the above experimental results, the soil can be uniformly watered, and as a result, the rooting of the crop can be improved and the frequency of watering can be reduced. For example, according to the above-mentioned test example, according to the irrigation system 10 of this example, it was found that three times of irrigation per summer per crop or one irrigation per winter per crop is sufficient.
【００３２】給水タンク１９は、給水圧力を約０．４kg
／cm2 に設定するように配置されている。かかる給水圧
力下では、土壌は、補給水によって、有効に土壌洗浄が
なされ、地中に堆積する余剰塩分又は肥料が効果的に除
去される。この結果、かかる灌漑システム１０は、所謂
連作障害の防止に極めて有効である。更に、かかる構成
の灌漑システム１０を用いて、液肥の供給又は土壌消毒
を行うことが可能となる。また、補給水の供給により土
粒子が動かされ、比較的小さいサイズの土粒子が上層に
配置され、他方、比較的大きいサイズの土粒子が下層に
配置されることがわかり、この結果、かかる灌漑システ
ム１０は、土壌通気性の改良に極めて有効に用い得ると
わかった。The water supply tank 19 has a water supply pressure of about 0.4 kg.
It is arranged to be set to / cm 2 . Under such a water supply pressure, the soil is effectively washed with makeup water, and excess salt or fertilizer accumulated in the ground is effectively removed. As a result, the irrigation system 10 is extremely effective in preventing so-called continuous cropping failure. Furthermore, it becomes possible to supply liquid fertilizer or disinfect the soil by using the irrigation system 10 having such a configuration. It was also found that the supply of make-up water moved the soil particles so that relatively small soil particles were placed in the upper layer, while relatively large soil particles were placed in the lower layer. It has been found that the system 10 can be used very effectively to improve soil permeability.
【００３３】本発明は上記実施例に限定されることな
く、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明の範囲内で種々の
変更又は変形が可能であり、それらも本発明の範囲内に
包含されるものであることは云うまでもない。例えば、
上記実施例では、特定の構造の長孔１１ｃを有する有孔
管１１を用いているが、有孔管の構造として、他の知ら
れた有孔管の構造を採用することも可能である。The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention. It goes without saying that it is a thing. For example,
In the above-mentioned embodiment, the perforated pipe 11 having the elongated hole 11c of a specific structure is used, but it is also possible to adopt another known perforated pipe structure as the structure of the perforated pipe.
【００３４】また、上記実施例では、給水タンク１９を
用いているが、給水タンクに換えて、或いは給水タンク
とともに給水ポンプを用いることも可能である。更に、
有孔管１１に設けた手動操作式の止水弁１３を、遠隔操
作式の弁、或いは、手動で容易に着脱できるキャップに
変更しても良い。また、上記実施例では、止水弁１３
は、有孔管１１の両端に配置されているが、止水弁１３
を有孔管１１の一方の端のみに配置しても良い。In the above embodiment, the water supply tank 19 is
We use, but we change to water tank or water tank
It is also possible to use a water supply pump together with it. Furthermore,
The manually operated water shutoff valve 13 provided on the perforated pipe 11 is operated remotely.
For working valves or caps that can be easily attached and removed manually
You can change it. Further, in the above embodiment, the water shutoff valve13
Are arranged at both ends of the perforated pipe 11, but13
May be arranged only at one end of the perforated tube 11.
【００３５】また、上記所定の給水圧力は、土壌の種類
及び性状等によって適宜選択可能である。The predetermined water supply pressure can be appropriately selected depending on the type and properties of soil.
【００３６】[0036]
【発明の効果】本発明の上記構成によれば、単管として
構成された有孔管は、灌水と排水の両機能を備える。従
って、灌水・排水配管の本数を低減し、設備の設置のた
めの費用及び施工に要する労力を軽減できる。しかも、
所定の粒度の砕石を緩衝材として用い且つ有孔管の孔の
縁部を有孔管の肉厚よりも薄い肉厚に形成するととも
に、このような孔を有孔管の軸線と直交する方向に延び
る周方向の長孔の形態に形成したことにより、有孔管の
孔の目詰まりを効果的に防止できる。かくして、耐用年
限が比較的長い地下灌水・排水システムを比較的低廉な
設備費且つ比較的軽減した労力で実現することができ
る。また、かかる灌水・排水システムは、土壌中に堆積
する過肥料や塩類を排除し、これらの原因による連作障
害を防止するという効果を奏し、実用的効果が極めて大
きい。更に、有孔管を、灌水排水孔を設けた複数の短管
部材と該短管部材を相互連通するための配管とから構成
したことにより、長孔の加工性が向上するばかりでな
く、各種の長さの配管を予め準備し且つこれを選択的に
使用することが可能となり、これにより、施工現場の状
況に応じて灌水排水孔の間隔・個数および管路配置を容
易に調整することができる。また、このように構成され
た有孔管は、上部に円弧状の周方向長孔を設けることに
より、比較的広範囲の土壌領域に均一に灌水できるとと
もに、比較的広範囲の土壌領域からの集水を行うことが
できる。 また、上記短管部材は、配管の直径よりも大き
い直径を有するので、周長が大きく且つ断面剛性が高
い。従って、管路の曲げ剛性ないし強度を大きく低下さ
せることなく、灌水・排水に適した長さの周方向の長孔
を短管部材に形成することができる。 According to the above configuration of the present invention, the perforated pipe configured as a single pipe has both functions of irrigation and drainage. Therefore, the number of irrigation / drainage pipes can be reduced, and the cost for installing the equipment and the labor required for the construction can be reduced. Moreover,
It is said that crushed stone of a predetermined grain size is used as a cushioning material and the edge of the hole of the perforated pipe is formed to be thinner than the wall thickness of the perforated pipe.
In addition, such a hole extends in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the perforated pipe.
By forming it in the shape of a long hole in the circumferential direction, it is possible to effectively prevent the clogging of the hole of the perforated pipe. Thus, an underground irrigation / drainage system having a relatively long service life can be realized with a relatively low equipment cost and a relatively reduced labor. Further, such an irrigation / drainage system has an effect of eliminating overfertilizer and salts accumulated in the soil and preventing a continuous cropping failure due to these causes, and has an extremely large practical effect. Further, the perforated pipe is composed of a plurality of short pipe members provided with irrigation and drainage holes and pipes for communicating the short pipe members with each other.
This not only improves the workability of long holes,
In advance, prepare pipes of various lengths and selectively
It is possible to use it, and the condition of the construction site
Depending on the situation, the intervals and number of irrigation and drainage holes and the pipeline arrangement can be adjusted.
It can be easily adjusted. Also configured like this
The perforated pipe has an arc-shaped circumferential elongated hole at the top.
More evenly irrigates a relatively wide area of soil
In particular, it is possible to collect water from a relatively wide area of soil.
it can. Also, the short pipe member is larger than the diameter of the pipe.
Since it has a large diameter, it has a large circumference and high cross-sectional rigidity.
Yes. Therefore, the bending rigidity or strength of the pipeline is greatly reduced.
A long hole in the circumferential direction that is suitable for irrigation / drainage without
Can be formed into a short tube member.
【図１】本発明の実施例に係る灌漑システムを示す概略
斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an irrigation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】図１のＡ−Ａ線における拡大縦断面図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
【図３】図１の部分拡大破断斜視図である。3 is a partially enlarged cutaway perspective view of FIG. 1. FIG.
【図４】斜め上方から見た有孔管の拡大斜視図である。FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a perforated pipe viewed from diagonally above.
【図５】図４に示す有孔管の拡大縦断面図である。5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the perforated pipe shown in FIG.
【図６】灌漑システムの実験装置を示す概略斜視図であ
る。FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing an experimental device of the irrigation system.
【図７】灌漑システムの実験装置を用いた試験において
得られた土壌の灌水状態を示す線図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a watering state of soil obtained in a test using an experimental apparatus of an irrigation system.
【図８】本発明の実施例に係る灌漑システムにより作物
を播種した場合の作物の生育結果と、地表から水分を補
給する地表灌水方式により作物を播種した場合の生育結
果を示す図である。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a growth result of a crop when a crop is sown by an irrigation system according to an example of the present invention, and a growth result when a crop is sown by a surface irrigation method of supplying water from the surface.
【図９】従来の或る地下灌漑方式による灌漑システムの
概略縦断面図である。FIG. 9 is a schematic vertical sectional view of an irrigation system according to a conventional underground irrigation system.
【図１０】図９に示す灌漑システムの概略縦断面図であ
る。FIG. 10 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the irrigation system shown in FIG.
【図１１】図９に示す灌漑システムの概略縦断面図であ
る。FIG. 11 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the irrigation system shown in FIG.
【図１２】従来の他の地下灌漑方式による灌漑システム
の概略縦断面図である。FIG. 12 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of another conventional irrigation system using an underground irrigation system.
10 灌漑システム 11 有孔管11ｃ 長孔 12 砕石 13 止水弁 14 給水管 15 給水制御弁10 Irrigation system 11 Perforated pipe 11c Long hole 12 Crushed stone 13 Water stop valve 14 Water supply pipe 15 Water supply control valve
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭56−56252（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭58−165029（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭58−38851（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 実開 昭59−1737（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 特公 昭51−26339（ＪＰ，Ｂ２) 特公 昭59−16738（ＪＰ，Ｂ２) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── --Continued from the front page (56) References JP-A-56-56252 (JP, A) JP-A-58-165029 (JP, A) Actually open 58-38851 (JP, U) Actual-open Sho 59- 1737 (JP, U) JP-B 51-26339 (JP, B2) JP-B 59-16738 (JP, B2)
Claims (7)
（１１）と、該有孔管に沿って、有孔管の側方及び上方
に有孔管を覆うように配置された緩衝材（１２）と、前
記有孔管に連結され且つ給水制御弁（１５）を有する給
水管（１４）と、前記有孔管に連結された排水用止水弁
（１３）とを有し、前記給水管は、前記給水制御弁を介
して前記有孔管内に水を供給し、前記止水弁は、有孔管
内の水を管外に排水するために排水手段（３）に連通
し、 前記有孔管は、複数の短管部材（１１ａ）と、該短管部
材を相互連通するための配管（１１ｂ）とからなり、前
記緩衝材を通して上層部の土壌に灌水し且つ土壌中の過
剰水を有孔管内に流入させるための孔（１１ｃ）が、前
記短管部材（１１ａ）の各々の上部管壁に配置され、該
短管部材の下部管壁は、平滑な内面を有し、 前記孔は夫々、実質的に前記 短管部材（１１ａ）の軸線
と直交する方向に細長く延びる長孔として形成され、前
記短管部材の周方向に延在しており、 前記短管部材の直径は、前記配管の直径よりも大きく設
定されており、該配管は、前記短管部材の端部に嵌入
し、前記孔（１１ｃ）は、該短管部材に嵌入した前記配
管の端同士の間の領域にて全長に亘って管内領域に開口
し、 前記有孔管の孔の縁部が、有孔管の管壁の肉厚（Ｈ）よ
りも薄い肉厚（ｈ）に形成され、 前記緩衝材は、所定の粒度の砕石からなり、前記有孔管
の側面及び上面から所定の幅及び高さの領域内に敷設さ
れていることを特徴とする灌水・排水システム。1. A perforated pipe (11) buried in soil at a predetermined depth, and arranged along the perforated pipe to the side and above the perforated pipe so as to cover the perforated pipe. A cushioning material (12), a water supply pipe (14) connected to the perforated pipe and having a water supply control valve (15), and a drainage stop valve (13) connected to the perforated pipe. The water supply pipe supplies water into the perforated pipe via the water supply control valve, and the water shutoff valve communicates with a drainage means (3) for draining the water in the perforated pipe outside the pipe. The perforated pipe is composed of a plurality of short pipe members (11a) and a pipe (11b) for communicating the short pipe members with each other. holes for flowing of excess water in the perforated pipe (11c) is arranged in the upper tube wall of each of the front <br/> Kitankan member (11a), said
The lower tube wall of the short tube member has a smooth inner surface, and each of the holes is formed as an elongated hole extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the axis of the short tube member (11a).
The short pipe member extends in the circumferential direction, and the diameter of the short pipe member is set larger than the diameter of the pipe.
The pipe is fitted into the end of the short pipe member.
However, the hole (11c) is provided in the short pipe member.
Open in the area inside the tube over the entire length in the area between the ends of the tube
And, an edge portion of the hole of the perforated pipe, is formed in a thin wall thickness (h) than the wall thickness of the tube wall of the perforated pipe (H), wherein the cushioning material is made of a predetermined particle size of crushed stone, An irrigation / drainage system, which is laid in a region having a predetermined width and height from a side surface and an upper surface of the perforated pipe.
さを有し、該長孔の縁部にテーパ（１１ｄ）が付けら
れ、該テーパ（１１ｂ）は、管内領域に面して管内周面
に沿って延びる傾斜面を長孔の縁部領域に形成し、該傾
斜面は、管壁の肉厚が孔の縁に向かって低減するように
形成されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の灌水・排
水システム。2. The elongated hole (11c) has a predetermined width and length.
And has a taper (11d) at the edge of the elongated hole , and the taper (11b) faces the inner pipe region
2. An inclined surface extending along the groove is formed in an edge region of the elongated hole, and the inclined surface is formed so that the wall thickness of the tube wall decreases toward the edge of the hole. Irrigation and drainage system as described.
前記有孔管内に容易に通過させない所定の幅を有し、該
長孔の縁部が、前記有孔管の肉厚よりも可及 的に薄い肉
厚に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の
灌水・排水システム。3. The elongated hole (11c) has a predetermined width that does not allow dirt or pebbles to easily pass through the perforated pipe.
Edges of the long holes, Kakyu-thin walled than the thickness of the perforated tube
The irrigation / drainage system according to claim 2, wherein the irrigation / drainage system has a large thickness .
土は、高さが少なくとも２５０ｍｍに設定され、前記緩
衝材の高さ及び全幅が夫々、２００ｍｍ及び５００ｍｍ
に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のい
ずれか１項に記載の灌水・排水システム。4. The topsoil located above the cushioning material (12) has a height of at least 250 mm, and the height and the total width of the cushioning material are 200 mm and 500 mm, respectively.
The irrigation / drainage system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the irrigation / drainage system is set.
力を０．４ｋｇ／ｃｍ２以上に設定するための手段を備
えたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項に
記載の灌水・排水システム。5. The device according to claim 1, further comprising means for setting a water supply pressure supplied to the water supply pipe (14) to 0.4 kg / cm 2 or more. Irrigation and drainage system as described.
のものであることを特徴とする請求項１乃至５のいずれ
か１項に記載の灌水・排水システム。6. The irrigation / drainage system according to claim 1, wherein the crushed stone has a particle size equivalent to JIS-S13.
あり、有孔管内の水は、前記止水弁（１３）を介して、
自然排水により排水トレンチ内に排出されることを特徴
とする請求項１乃至６のいずれか１項に記載の灌水・排
水システム。7. The drainage means is a drainage trench (3), and water in the perforated pipe passes through the water shutoff valve (13),
The irrigation / drainage system according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation / drainage system is discharged into the drainage trench by natural drainage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3005919A JPH0824497B2 (en) | 1991-01-22 | 1991-01-22 | Irrigation / drainage system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3005919A JPH0824497B2 (en) | 1991-01-22 | 1991-01-22 | Irrigation / drainage system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04237440A JPH04237440A (en) | 1992-08-25 |
| JPH0824497B2 true JPH0824497B2 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
Family
ID=11624305
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3005919A Expired - Fee Related JPH0824497B2 (en) | 1991-01-22 | 1991-01-22 | Irrigation / drainage system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0824497B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4544611B2 (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2010-09-15 | 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Water level adjustment system |
| US7040839B1 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-05-09 | Mazzei Angelo L | Subsurface irrigation of plants, trees and landscape with water containing gas micro-bubbles |
| CN115462299A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-12-13 | 四川东农天成农业科技有限公司 | Underground micro-channel unit and underground micro-channel irrigation system |
| CN116849014B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-11-14 | 山西农业大学果树研究所(山西省农业科学院果树研究所) | Water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation device for fruit tree container cultivation |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5126339A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1976-03-04 | Toray Industries | YORIKAKE SOCHI |
| JPS5656252A (en) * | 1979-10-15 | 1981-05-18 | Yoshio Tejima | Underground sprinkling apparatus |
| JPS5796359A (en) * | 1980-12-08 | 1982-06-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Electrophotography method |
| JPS5838851U (en) * | 1981-09-04 | 1983-03-14 | 株式会社 新東京ボ−リング | Collection and drainage pipe |
| JPS58165029A (en) * | 1982-03-25 | 1983-09-30 | Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co Ltd | Detector for leakage of water |
| JPS5916738A (en) * | 1982-07-19 | 1984-01-27 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Method and device for manufacturing germless bag |
-
1991
- 1991-01-22 JP JP3005919A patent/JPH0824497B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04237440A (en) | 1992-08-25 |
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