JPH0824488B2 - Sunflower cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improved method for cultivating sunflower.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Sunflower (Helianthus an
nuus) is an annual plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, and the height of the stem is usually 2 to 3 m, and the diameter of the stem is 10 to 20 cm.
Put on a big flower. This sunflower is originally a plant having a high water absorbency and fertilizing property and a tough property, and its cultivation is carried out in sunny places without particularly selecting the geology and applying fertilizer.

[0003]

Recently, as a so-called ornamental sunflower for ikebana, the demand for sunflowers with small head flowers and small stems tends to increase. Demand is expected to increase further.

[0004] However, since sunflower is a plant having high water absorbency and fertilizing ability and toughness as described above, its roots freely and deeply extend into the ground to absorb water and fertilizer components. It grows, grows tall, grows flower heads, stems and leaves, and widens the distance between upper and lower leaves. If too much water or fertilizer components are absorbed, it becomes soft as a whole, and if the head flower and leaves become too large, it hangs down, and if the distance between the upper and lower leaves widens, the balance with the head flower becomes poor. For this reason, there is a problem in that it is extremely difficult to stock sunflowers that are small in size and have a small-diameter stem with high commercial value.

The Applicant has conducted diligent research to solve this problem, and by carrying out predetermined cultivation management in a state in which the extension of the root into the ground is restricted, the applicant has a small flower head and the stem has a small diameter. The present invention has been completed based on the finding that it is possible to cultivate a firm, solid, and high-quality sunflower.

[0006]

According to the method for cultivating sunflower of the present invention, a cultivating floor A is constructed by laying a bed soil 2 having a required thickness on a water-blocking sheet 1, and the sunflower is cultivated on the cultivating floor A. Seeds or seedlings are directly sown or transplanted, the roots are restricted by the water-blocking sheet 1 from extending into the ground below the sheet 1, and the bottom is grown to a height of about 3 cm.
After the water is drained to such an extent that the leaves hang down, and at the same time, irrigation is performed so that water does not accumulate on at least the water-blocking sheet 1. In the above, the auxiliary net D is stretched above the soil bed 2, and its height is increased in accordance with the height of the sunflower to prevent it from falling, or as the cultivation floor A. Is formed by excavating a shallow recess 3 on the ground C to form the shallow recess 3
It is preferable that the water-blocking sheet 1 is laid on the floor, and excavated soil is put on the sheet to form the floor soil 2.

[0007]

[Function] A sunflower in which a soil for cultivating is laid on a water-impervious sheet and seeds or seedlings are directly sown or transplanted on the soil, the roots extend to the ground. Not only does it not extend deep into the ground as in the past because it is restricted by, but after growing to a height of about 3 cm,
After draining until the leaves hang down, and at least by irrigation that does not collect water on the above-mentioned impermeable sheet, it has the desired sunflower, that is, it has a small flower head upward and the stem is small and firm. A large amount of solid high quality sunflowers can be grown.

[0008]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. A is a cultivation floor in which a soil layer 2 having a required thickness is laid on a water blocking sheet 1 such as a vinyl sheet. The cultivation floor A is formed in the house B, for example, as follows.

That is, the ground C in the entire area of the house B is plowed by a tractor, and the width is about 1 m and the depth is about 10 there.
A shallow bottom recess 3 having a length of 20 cm and a length of 20 to 30 m is formed by excavating a plurality of surfaces while providing passages 4 and 4 each having a required width on the left and right sides.
A vinyl sheet (with a thickness of 0.05 to
0.15 mm) or the like, and lay it with the left and right edge portions 1 ′, 1 ′ thereof placed on the edges of the left and right passages 4, 4 (FIG. 1). The above-mentioned excavated soil is put on the top to form a bed soil 2 having a thickness of 8 to 10 cm. As a result, several cultivation floors A are formed on the ground C in the house B.

D is an auxiliary net covering the upper surface of each cultivation floor A, which is made of synthetic resin and has a square mesh with a side of 10 cm. This auxiliary net D is stretched to a position close to the upper side of each cultivation floor A by engaging the columns 6 established at required intervals in the left and right passages 4 and 4 in a required tension state. . Numerals 5 and 5 are edge plates which engage both ends in the length direction of the auxiliary net D, and struts 6 and 6 in which these edge plates 5 and 5 are established at both ends in the length direction of the left and right passages 4 and 4.
By being locked to, the length of the auxiliary net D is tense.

E is a water supply pipe in which fountain nozzles 7 are arranged in rows at required intervals, which are laid at the edges of the left and right passages 4 and 4 of each cultivation floor A, and are connected to a main water distribution pipe 8 via a water supply valve 9. Branch connection. The fountain nozzles 7 are arranged in a required state where water can be sprayed evenly over the entire cultivation floor A.

In order to cultivate sunflowers using the cultivation floor A having the above-mentioned structure, there are a method of directly sowing seeds and a method of transplanting seedlings separately bred in a seedling box. The former is seed,
In the latter case, seedlings having a height of about 3 cm are sowed or transplanted at a rate of one seed or one seed per 100 cm ² . The seeding or transplanting can be performed accurately by arranging the auxiliary net D at a position corresponding to the center of the square net of the auxiliary net D at predetermined intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions.

Irrigation is performed as follows, but it is important to take care so that water does not accumulate on the water-blocking sheet 1 at any time or stage.

After seeding, until the germination, the surface of the bed soil does not dry all day, and almost entirely germinated and the height is about 3c.
Water should be applied until the surface soil surface is dry at least in the afternoon until m. After direct sowing, when the height is about 3 cm, or after transplanting a seedling with a height of about 3 cm, be careful not to excessively irrigate, and when the lower leaves hang downward, or in addition to that, Watering is performed when the leaves start to wilt, and this is repeated until flowering. Also in this case, the surface soil surface should be dried at least in the afternoon as above.

In addition, in each case of the above direct sowing or transplantation, every time the height is increased by 10 to 15 cm,
The auxiliary net D is raised about 10 cm upwards along each strut 6 to allow each mesh to support the stem and prevent it from falling.

In general, sunflower can be cultivated without applying fertilizer as long as the fertilizer concentration EC of the bed soil itself is 0.6 to 0.8. However, of course, the color of the growing leaf and the thickness of the stem are large. Etc. are observed and the additional fertilization required according to the practice. However, it is necessary to be careful not to overfertilize and prevent overgrowth.

According to the experiment, when the seeds were directly sown in the end of April, the seeds germinated 2 to 3 days after sowing and the height was about 40c in about 40 days.
m, the number of leaf stages was 10 to 13, and flower bud differentiation was confirmed. After about 77 days, the number of leaf stalls was about 13, but the internodes were extended to a height of about 1 m20 cm, and the number of flowering plants reached about 10%. Its flower head is upside down and its diameter is 5-6c
m, stem diameter was 7 to 8 mm, leaves were relatively small egg type, and upper 6 to 7 stages were densely attached within 30 cm below the flower. About 2 weeks after the first about 10% flowered, the rest all flowered.

When transplanted in mid-February, about 17 days after transplantation, the height was about 15 cm, and the number of leaf stages was 4 to 5, and flower bud differentiation was confirmed. Approximately 45 days after transplantation, height 50-60
cm, the number of leaf stages is 4 to 5, and about 20% flowered.
Reached Its head flower is upward and has a diameter of 5 as above.
~ 6 cm, stem 7-8 mm in diameter, leaves relatively oval. About 10 to 15 days after the flowering of the first about 20%, all the remaining flowers have finished flowering.

In the above, direct sowing grows to a height of about 40 cm about 40 days after sowing, and after about 77 days, the height reaches about 1 m20 cm, and about 10% of the flowers are in flower. Then, there is a difference that the height becomes 50 to 60 cm in about 45 days and about 20% of the flowers bloom. This difference is related not to direct seeding or transplantation, but to the length of day, sunshine, temperature, etc., which is longer in the night, low in sunshine, and low in the temperature of February to April. However, on the contrary, it is considered to be due to the plant physiological action of sunflower, which accelerates maturation in comparison with the period of April to July when the night is short, the amount of sunlight is high, and the temperature is high.

[0020]

As is apparent from the above description,
The present invention has the following effects. With the head flower facing upward and small, the stem has a small diameter, is solid, has a solid and high quality, and it is easy to cultivate sunflowers with a very high commercial value that can withstand shipping and transportation. Can fully meet the request of. That is, the sunflower cultivated floor is constructed by laying the floor soil on the water-impervious sheet, and the seeds or seedlings are directly sown or transplanted to the floor soil, and the roots extend to the ground with the water-impermeable sheet. Because it is limited, not only does it not extend deep into the ground as in the past, but also the height is
After growing to about 3 cm, until the lower leaves hang down
After draining , the desired sunflower can be easily cultivated in a large amount by irrigation in which water does not accumulate on at least the water-blocking sheet. As described above, since the roots are restricted from extending into the ground by the water-blocking sheet, irrigation and topdressing can be managed freely while determining the dripping condition and color of the leaves and the desired sunflower. The merit of being able to cultivate rice is extremely large, and it can be said that it is an epoch-making method for cultivating sunflowers.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially omitted cross-sectional view showing a state in which a water-impermeable sheet is laid in a shallow recess in the construction of a cultivation floor used for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially omitted cross-sectional view showing a state in which an auxiliary net is further stretched by using columns in the same as above.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a main part of the same as above, in which a water supply pipe having a row of fountain nozzles is further laid.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an essential part showing a part of the created cultivation floor in a vertical section.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A Cultivation floor B House C Ground D Auxiliary net E Water supply pipe 1 Water blocking sheet 1'Left and right edge 2 Floor soil 3 Shallow bottom recess 4 Passage 5 Edge plate 6 Strut 7 Fountain nozzle 8 Water distribution main pipe 9 Water supply valve

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. Sunflower seeds or seedlings are directly sown or transplanted on a cultivation floor formed by laying soil on a water-permeable sheet, and the roots extend into the ground below the sheet by the water-permeable sheet. With the restriction of, and the height is about 3c
After growing to m, drain to the extent that the lower leaves hang down
After that, the method for cultivating sunflower is characterized in that irrigation is performed so that water does not accumulate on at least the water-blocking sheet. 2. The above-mentioned water-impermeable sheet, in which sunflower seeds or seedlings are directly sown or transplanted to a cultivating floor formed by laying floor soil on the water-impermeable sheet and stretching an auxiliary net above the soil. Restricts the roots from extending into the ground beneath the sheet, and grows to a height of about 3 cm.
After draining, drain the water until the lower leaves hang down,
Moreover, at least while watering is performed so that water does not accumulate on the water-blocking sheet, and the height of the auxiliary net stretched is increased in correspondence with the height of the sunflower. Sunflower cultivation method. 3. The cultivating floor is constructed by laying a water-blocking sheet in a shallow bottom recess formed by excavation on the ground, and putting the above-mentioned excavated soil on it to form a floor soil. The sunflower cultivation method described. 4. The method for cultivating sunflower according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of cultivation beds are arranged in a row in a house.