JPH0823808A - Method for breeding strain not forming fruit body layer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a mushroom capable of eliminating bad influence on human body and culture facilities by spores, hardly reducing qualities and commercial value, having excellent volume feeling and palatability. CONSTITUTION:Four kinds of monocaryon mycelia of an incompatible factor An ((n) shows an arbitrary species), an incompatible factor Am ((m) shows an arbitrary species except (n)), an incompatible factor Bn or an incompatible factor Bm of a mushroom is mated with a breedable monocaryon mycelium of a mushroom to prepare a strain not forming a fruit body layer.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for breeding strains which do not form seed layer and belong to a new strain using shiitake mushrooms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, natural shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edo)
When mature, the umbrella opens, and many basidiospores formed on the folds of the umbrella are blown away by the wind and settle on a fallen tree and germinate. The germinated basidiospores become hyphae (mononuclear hyphae), which absorb nutrients and grow, and join with other mononuclear hyphae that can be mated, and become dinuclear hyphae in which two nuclei coexist in one cell. . Then, the binuclear mycelium forms fruit bodies and grows on shiitake mushrooms. This growth cycle is artificially performed in the artificial cultivation of shiitake.

FIG. 2 shows the appearance of shiitake mushrooms obtained by artificial cultivation. Shiitake mushroom Mr shown in FIG.
A fold 4 having an umbrella portion 2r opened laterally from the upper end of the stem portion 3r and having a large number of basidiospores is formed on the lower surface portion of the umbrella portion 2r.

[0004]

By the way, when artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms, there were the following problems.

First, since growers are forced to work in an environment in which a large amount of shiitake spores float, they suffer from diseases such as bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and granulomatous alveolitis due to inhalation of spores. It has a bad effect on the human body, such as being easy.
In addition, floating spores adhere to the filter of the air conditioning equipment to cause filter clogging, or adhere to various equipment to cause stains, which causes adverse effects on the cultivation equipment.

Secondly, since the spore-releasing shiitake mushroom has a property of rapidly deteriorating, its quality is likely to deteriorate in a short period of time. Further, it is said that the shiitake umbrellas to be harvested normally have a good six-minute opening, but the umbrellas warp as they grow, and the productability is likely to deteriorate.

The present invention solves the problems existing in the prior arts described above. By eliminating the folds of mushrooms, the spores do not adversely affect the human body and the cultivation equipment, and the quality and commercialability are deteriorated. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding strains that do not form a seed layer that can produce difficult-to-treat mushrooms.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The method for breeding a non-seedling-forming strain according to the present invention basically comprises an incompatibility factor An (n is an arbitrary type) or an incompatibility factor Am of shiitake mushrooms.
(M indicates any type other than n) and the incompatibility factor Bn
Alternatively, it is characterized in that a monococcal hyphae of Shiitake mushrooms are crossed with four types of mononuclear hyphae having the incompatibility factor Bm to produce a seed-layer non-forming strain.
Then, the obtained seedling-layer-non-forming strain is inoculated into a production medium to obtain a mushroom M free from folds or forming no basidiomycota.

[0009]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Therefore, according to the method for breeding a non-seedling-forming strain according to the present invention, it is possible to finally obtain a mushroom M that is free of folds or does not form a basidiomycota. Has a great effect.

Since a new kind of mushroom which does not form a basidiomycete even if a fold-free structure or a slight fold-like structure is formed, it is possible to eliminate the adverse effects of spores on the human body and cultivation equipment.

[0011] A mushroom having a high grade and having a long shelf life that is not easily deteriorated in quality and commercialability can be obtained.
It is possible to obtain a mushroom having a good feeling of volume and texture when eating.

[0012]

[Embodiments] Next, optimum embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail.

First, two kinds of shiitake mushrooms are prepared when spores can fall, one shiitake mushroom is # 01, and the other shiitake mushroom is # 02.

Then, quadrupole mononuclear mycelia are separated from shiitake # 01 by monospore separation, and quadrupole mononuclear mycelia are also separated from shiitake # 02.

On the other hand, a standard mononuclear mycelium for the incompatibility factor was prepared, and shiitake # 01 was added to the standard mononuclear mycelium.
Each of the quadrupole mononuclear hypha obtained from Shiitake # 02 and each of the quadrupole mononuclear hypha obtained from Shiitake # 02 were crossed, and the incompatibility factors of Shiitake # 01 and Shiitake # 02 were examined. The incompatibility factor of mononuclear hypha is “A2B
2 "," A2B3 "," A3B2 "," A3B3 ", while the incompatibility factors of mononuclear hypha obtained from shiitake # 02 are" A2B2 "," A2B3 "," A3B2 ",
It was "A3B3".

Shiitake # 01 and Shiitake # 02
When mating was carried out with a combination of incompatibility factors capable of mating with each other, "A2B2" of shiitake # 01 and shiitake #
In the combination of No. 02 “A3B3”, a Shiitake strain that does not form a grain layer was obtained with a probability of 70%.

At this time, one strain of the mononuclear hyphae "A2B2" of Shiitake mushroom # 01 was sent to the Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, No. 6 Life Contribution No. 1187 (FERM).
P-14386), and one strain of the mononuclear hyphae “A3B3” of shiitake # 02 was used as a 6-live sentence No. 118.
No. 8 (FERM P-14387), each of which has been deposited, and which does not form a grain layer "A2A3B"
2B3 ”, a strain of 6
RM P-14310).

On the other hand, "A2B2" of shiitake # 01.
In the result of the combination of "A3B3" of Shiitake # 02 and Shiitake # 02, a single spore was isolated by selecting any one of the Shiitake hybrids that formed a 30% grain layer and mononuclear hyphae "A2B2". , "A2B3", "A3B2", "A3B
3 ”was obtained and these mononuclear hyphae were crossed with mononuclear hyphae of“ A6B7 ”in the incompatibility factor obtained by performing monospore separation from the other prepared shiitake mushroom # 03. Strains that do not form a grain layer were obtained.

At this time, one strain of the mononuclear hyphae "A2B2" was transferred to the Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, No. 6 Iyosebun No. 1190 (FERM P-1438).
As 9), one strain of mononuclear hyphae “A6B7” is prepared as described in No. 6 of Iyosebun 1191 (FERM P-1439).
0), and one of the seed-layer non-forming strains obtained at this time was added to
Deposited as No. 89 (FERM P-14388).
Then, it was confirmed that when mating with the progeny of Lentinus edodes having any of the incompatibility factors A2, A3, B2, B3, a non-cotyledonous strain was obtained with a certain probability.

On the other hand, the obtained seedling-layer-non-forming strain is inoculated into a production medium, for example, a mushroom medium in which sawdust, rice bran, fusuma, corncob and the like are mixed. Then, using a cultivating equipment for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, a mushroom without folds or without forming a basil is obtained after going through a mycelial culturing step, a sprouting step, and a growing step, which are cultivating steps for shiitake mushrooms. After the mycelial culture, artificial mushrooms can be used to generate mushrooms for home or garden viewing.

FIG. 1 shows a mushroom M obtained through such a breeding process (cultivation process). This mushroom M has 3 stems
Although the stem portion 3 has the umbrella portion 2 which is opened laterally from the upper end of the stem portion 3, no folds are formed on the lower surface portion 2d of the umbrella portion 2 or a fold-like structure is formed even if a fold-like structure is formed slightly. Not done.

Therefore, since mushroom M does not have a basidiomycohol, there is a harmful effect caused by floating spores such as shiitake cultivation, that is, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and granulomas caused by inhalation of spores by a grower. Diseases such as pneumonitis do not occur. In addition, the harmful effects that floating spores adhere to the filter of the air conditioning equipment to cause filter clogging, or adhere to the cultivation equipment to cause dirt are eliminated.

Moreover, since there are no folds, for example,
The property that discolors rapidly, such as shiitake mushrooms that released spores, disappears, and the quality deterioration due to discoloration of mushroom M is suppressed,
As the shelf life improves and the characteristic that the shiitake mushrooms to be harvested do not open (warp), the quality grade becomes higher and the decline in commercialability is suppressed. Regarding the shelf life, it was confirmed that the color did not change for at least one week even when it was naturally left at a temperature of 25 ° C. Furthermore, since the umbrella portion 2 of the mushroom M is substantially thicker than that of common shiitake mushrooms, the voluminous feel and the texture of the teeth when eaten are also good.

Although the embodiment has been described as an optimum embodiment,
The breeding method according to the present invention is not limited to such examples, and can be arbitrarily modified and implemented without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external view of a mushroom obtained by a method for breeding a seedless layer non-forming strain according to the present invention,

FIG. 2 is an external view of shiitake mushrooms obtained by artificial cultivation,

[Explanation of symbols]

 M mushrooms

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An incompatibility factor Bn or an incompatibility factor with a Shiitake incompatibility factor An (n represents any type) or incompatibility factor Am (m represents any type other than n). A breeding method for a non-serum layer-forming strain, which comprises producing a non-serum layer-forming strain by crossing four mononuclear hyphae having Bm . 2. An incompatibility factor Bn or an incompatibility factor with a Shiitake incompatibility factor An (n represents any type) or incompatibility factor Am (m represents any type other than n). By crossing four mononuclear mycelia having Bm with mononuclear mycelia of shiitake mushrooms, a strain not forming a seed layer is produced, and the obtained strain is inoculated into a production medium, A method for breeding a strain without a corn seed layer, which comprises obtaining a mushroom without folds or without forming a basidiomycotium.