JPH08189011A - Soundproof wall of railroad or road - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To control the transmitted quantity of light, and also to absorb and control the soundwaves in response to the application of a voltage to an electroinductive photofunctional fluid composition having an electric field arrangement effect. CONSTITUTION: A soundproof wall is made up by connecting a plurality of soundwave absorption/control devices 31 in the surface direction, and in the soundwave absorption/control device 31, electroinductive photofunctional fluid composition in which solid particles having an electric field arrangement effect have been included in an electrical insulating medium is housed in the inside of a hollow housing body in which at least a part of opposing surfaces out of two base plates 28 oppositely arranged is made transparent. A pair of transparent conductive layers 18 formed in the inside surface of the base plate 28 are arranged so as to face to either of the front and rear surfaces of the soundproof wall 30, and a voltage applying means 13 by which a desired voltage is applied between these transparent conductive layers 18 is provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soundproof wall of a railroad track or a road which can control both the amount of transmitted light and the absorption of sound waves based on the electric field array effect.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art On a railroad track or a road, a soundproof wall is installed at a side portion of a traveling zone of a vehicle as a noise countermeasure. For example, as shown in FIG. 21, a soundproof wall of a road is generally a soundproof wall that prevents noise from being reflected by the soundproof plates 52 that are erected in the shape of walls on both sides of the traveling zone 51, in particular, to radiate laterally. Target. Particularly in urban areas, soundproof walls are erected on both sides of the traveling zone over the entire line so that noise is reflected inward in the area surrounded by the soundproof plate 52.

[0003]

However, since the sound wave of the noise is only reflected but hardly attenuated in the noise wall, there is a problem that it is insufficient as an effect of preventing the influence of the noise on the road periphery. It was happening. That is,
Especially in urban areas, the soundproofing board 5 is installed because buildings such as tall buildings are built near the road near the road.
The noise that was reflected at 2 and radiated from above the road hit these buildings and was scattered, and the noise around the road was considerably loud. In addition, in the place where the building is built, noise was reflected between the buildings, and the influence was even greater. In view of the above problems, measures such as increasing the height of the soundproof wall have been taken, but the soundproofing effect was unsatisfactory.

Although it is conceivable to use a sound absorbing plate instead of the sound insulating plate to absorb and control noise, the conventional sound absorbing plate has a constant sound absorbing frequency, and therefore, for example, a vehicle 53 traveling on a road. It was not possible to properly absorb sound according to the type and speed of the, and the noise prevention effect was not sufficient. In particular, if the high-frequency frequency band of the noise deviates from the sound absorption frequency of the sound absorbing plate due to the type and speed of the vehicle 53, increase / decrease in traffic volume on the road, and various environments around the road, most of this high-level noise is generated. In some cases, it could not be absorbed and controlled, and a sufficient noise prevention effect was not obtained. The above-mentioned problem also applies to noise on railway tracks, and it has been difficult to obtain an effective noise prevention effect in accordance with the type of train and traveling speed.

Since the soundproofing plate and the sound absorbing plate are generally opaque, the train running on the railroad track and passengers in the vehicle 53 traveling on the road give a feeling of blockage, and the vehicle 53 traveling on the road can There is a problem that the destination cannot be confirmed.

By the way, the inventors of the present invention are conducting research on an electro-sensitive optical functional fluid composition having a novel electric field arrangement characteristic which has not been known so far. This fluid composition is, for example, a fluid obtained by dispersing solid particles in an electrically insulating medium. When an electric field is applied to the fluid composition, the solid particles cause dielectric polarization, and electrostatic attraction based on the dielectric polarization causes the solid particles to undergo dielectric polarization. It has the property of forming a chain structure by aligning and aligning in the direction of the electric field. In addition, some solid particles exhibit the property of exhibiting an array lump structure by electrophoresis and array alignment. In this way, the array orientation of particles under an electric field is referred to as an electric field array effect, and solid particles having such properties are referred to as an electric field array particle. The present inventors have arrived at the present invention by proceeding with the research on the electro-sensitive optical functional fluid composition having this novel structure.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is constructed by utilizing a sound wave absorption control device using the electro-sensitive optical functional fluid composition having the novel electric field array effect, and The soundproof wall of a railroad track or a road, which is capable of controlling the amount of transmitted light and controlling the absorption of sound waves in response to the application of

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the soundproof wall of a railroad track or road of the present invention is formed by connecting plate-like sound wave absorption control devices in a plane direction,
The acoustic wave absorption control device includes a solid-state particle having an electric field arranging effect in a hollow container in which at least a part of two substrates, which are opposed to each other with a gap, are transparent. An electro-sensitive optical functional fluid composition contained in an insulating medium is contained, a pair of transparent conductive layers is formed on the inner surface of the substrate, and each of the substrates faces either the front or back surface of the soundproof wall. And a voltage applying unit that applies a desired voltage between the pair of transparent conductive layers.

[0009]

In the soundproof wall of the railroad track or road according to the present invention, the electro-sensitive optical functionality is provided inside the hollow housing in which at least two opposed substrates of the sound wave absorption control device are transparent. Fluid composition (hereinafter referred to as Electric A
The ligment fluid composition is abbreviated as "EA fluid"). In the state where no voltage is applied between the pair of transparent conductive layers formed on the inner surface of the substrate of the container, solid particles (hereinafter referred to as “EA effect”) having an electric field array effect (hereinafter referred to as “EA effect”) in the EA fluid are provided. (Referred to as “particles”) are randomly dispersed and randomly dispersed in an electrically insulating medium, and these EA particles diffusely reflect light, so that the transparent portion of the container looks opaque. Then, when a voltage is applied to the pair of transparent conductive layers by the voltage applying means,
The EA particles are arranged and linked in a chain to form a chain (particle chain), and the chain is arranged parallel to the electric field direction. Then, light is allowed to pass through the gaps between the chain-shaped bodies arranged in parallel, so that the transparent portion of the storage body looks transparent. When a sound wave (air vibration) is applied to one of the substrates with the voltage applied in this way, the substrate vibrates in the direction in which the two substrates face each other, but the chain itself has elastic properties. Therefore, when the chain is pulled, the particles facing each other attract each other, and when they are compressed,
Each of them flexes to generate a repulsive force, and a viscous resistance is generated by the movement of the chain in the electrically insulating medium, which causes a loss (dissipation) of energy of the sound wave.

That is, the EA fluid containing the chain-like body and the substrate resonate with the sound wave incident on the substrate. The sound wave frequency that gives vibration to such a chain body is determined by the characteristic frequency of the chain body (estimated as a so-called natural frequency, which is a balance between elasticity of the chain body and inertia of the substrate), When a sound wave with a frequency matching the characteristic frequency is incident on the substrate, the chain resonates to absorb and control the sound wave,
Sound waves of other frequencies will be reflected.

The attractive force (stress generated in the chain) acting between the particles increases with an increase in the voltage applied to the pair of transparent conductive layers. Therefore, the elastic modulus and viscosity of the chain itself are increased. It increases as the applied voltage increases, and the present invention utilizes this fact to perform sound wave absorption / control. In other words, by adjusting the applied voltage so that the characteristic frequency of the chain itself matches the frequency of the component of the incident sound wave (air vibration) that you want to remove, the chain resonates and absorbs sound. The energy of the component to be (removed) can be consumed and the other components can be reflected.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of measuring the influence of the electric field strength on the electric field arrangement characteristics (hereinafter referred to as "EA characteristics") for the EA particle 30 wt% dispersion system. It is clear from this graph that the stress acting on the chain increases as the applied voltage increases. The EA characteristic is due to the fact that the dielectrically polarized particles are arranged in the direction of the electric field by an electric attraction and form a chain structure. At low breaking speeds, the electric attraction is dominant, so that the chain structure is gradually broken and reformed repeatedly. The yield stress is the force that is generated when a chain arranged in the direction of the electric field undergoes shear failure in the direction perpendicular to it. Considering that the particles of all chains formed have the same diameter and are arranged in a straight line to connect the conductive layers,
Since the number of chains is proportional to the particle concentration, the yield stress will also be proportional to the particle concentration. FIG. 8 shows an equivalent circuit of the vibration system of the present invention, in which a coil spring 22 having an elastic modulus K and a dashpot 23 having a viscosity C are connected in parallel between a pair of transparent conductive layers.

The voltage applying means applies a voltage between the transparent conductive layers so that the sound absorption frequency of the sound wave absorption control device coincides with the high level frequency band of the noise when the noise is detected in the running zone of the railroad track or the road. . By doing so, the sound absorption frequency of the sound wave absorption control means changes in accordance with the high level frequency band of the noise, so that the noise level is always high depending on the traveling speed and traffic volume of the vehicle traveling in the traveling zone. Absorb level level frequency band. Also, when the vehicle is passing,
Light can be transmitted by applying a voltage to the EA fluid, so that the outside of the soundproof wall can be visually observed from a vehicle traveling on a railroad track or a road.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. First, the soundproof wall of the railroad track or road of the present invention using the above-mentioned EA fluid will be described. 1A and 1B show an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a road. FIG. 1A is a vertical sectional view and FIG. 1B is a partially cutaway perspective view of a storage body. The soundproof wall 30 of the present embodiment is a wall body constructed by connecting a plurality of rectangular plate-shaped sound wave absorption control devices 31 vertically and horizontally in the plane direction. Each sound wave absorption control device 31 has an EA
The container 20 is filled with a fluid, and the frame 32 is provided around the periphery of the container 20.
The sound wave absorption control device 31 is supported by columns 34 standing upright at predetermined intervals along a traveling zone 33 of the road.

The housing 20 is composed of a pair of transparent substrates 27, 28.
Are opposed to each other with a gap (composition storage space) therebetween, and transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 are formed on the entire inner surfaces of the pair of transparent substrates 27 and 28, respectively. The EA fluid containing the EA particles 2 having the EA effect of the present invention described above contained in the electrically insulating medium 1 is enclosed between the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18. A frame-shaped seal member 15 is fixed to the peripheral edges of the pair of transparent substrates 27 and 28 and the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18, thereby sealing the composition storage space. Reference numeral 13 is a power supply (voltage applying means) for applying a voltage between the pair of transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 and varying the applied voltage.
A switch 14 is connected in series with the. When the switch 14 is turned on, the pair of transparent conductive layers 1
A voltage can be applied between 7 and 18, and the switch 14 is connected to a noise detection device 35 installed facing the traveling zone 33, and the noise detected by the noise detection device 35 is high. The applied voltage can be increased or decreased according to the level frequency band.

Of the pair of transparent substrates 27, 28, the transparent substrate 27 arranged on the side of the traveling zone 33 is made of a material that is flexible against sound waves, and for example, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film is preferably used. . On the other hand, it is preferable that the transparent substrate 28 arranged on the outer side is formed of a transparent resin substrate such as various glass substrates or acrylic substrates. The transparent substrates 27 and 28 do not have to be wholly transparent, and may have a structure in which only a portion through which light passes is transparent. Therefore, only the peripheral part is an opaque metal frame,
It may be configured by a resin frame or the like, and a transparent glass substrate or a resin substrate may be fitted inside the frame. The shape thereof is not particularly limited, but it is usually a rectangular plate shape or a circular plate shape in appearance, and of course, it can be formed in an appropriate shape according to the place of installation.

In the storage body 20 of this embodiment, the traveling belt 3
The PET film 27, which is the transparent substrate on the third side, has its peripheral edge fixed, but is configured so that it can vibrate in the direction in which the pair of transparent substrates 27 and 28 face each other (the vertical direction indicated by the arrow X). As a result, the sound wave (air vibration) 11 becomes PE
When it enters the T film 27, the PET film 2
7 can vibrate in the X direction together with the transparent conductive layer 17 formed on the inner surface thereof.

Next, FIG. 3 shows a specific example of the electrosensitive optical functional fluid composition (EA fluid) according to the present invention. This EA fluid is EA which is solid particles in the electrically insulating medium 1.
The particles (electric field arranging particles) 2 are uniformly dispersed. The EA particles 2 are formed by a core body 3 made of an organic polymer compound and a surface layer 5 made of particles 4 which are electric field aligning inorganic substances (hereinafter referred to as “EA inorganic substances”),
Inorganic / organic composite particles are formed. In this specific example, the electrically insulating medium 1 is colorless and transparent silicone oil, the organic polymer compound forming the core body 3 of the inorganic / organic composite particles is polyacrylic ester, and the EA inorganic substance forming the surface layer 5 is used. The particles 4 are white titanium hydroxide that is an inorganic ion exchanger and an electric semiconductor inorganic substance. The color of the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) is, for example, white. In addition, the EA contained in the electrically insulating medium 1
The ratio of the particles 2 is, for example, 7.5% by weight.

As shown in FIG. 4, this EA fluid is interposed between a pair of conductive layers 7 and 8 which are spaced apart and arranged in parallel. As shown in FIG. 5, when a voltage is applied to the pair of conductive layers 7 and 8 from the power supply 9 through the switch 10, the EA
Due to the effect, the EA particles 2 are arranged in a chain in a direction perpendicular to the planes of the conductors 7 and 8 to form a chain (particle chain) 6. At this time, the chain-like bodies 6 are separated from each other and oriented in parallel.

The EA fluid used in the soundproof wall of the railway track or road of the present invention will be described below. Examples of the electrically insulating medium 1 used in the EA fluid of the present invention include diphenyl chloride, butyl sebacate, aromatic polycarboxylic acid higher alcohol ester, halophenyl alkyl ether, trans oil, chlorinated paraffin, fluorine-based oil, or Any fluid or mixture thereof such as silicone oil or fluorosilicone oil may be used as long as it has high electric insulation and electric breakdown strength, is chemically stable and can stably disperse EA particles. is there. This electrically insulating medium 1 can be colored according to the purpose. For coloring, it is preferable to use a type and amount of an oil-soluble dye or a dispersible dye that is soluble in the selected electrically insulating medium and does not impair its electrical properties. The electrically insulating medium 1 may further contain a dispersant, a surfactant, a viscosity modifier, an antioxidant, a stabilizer and the like.

The kinematic viscosity of this electrically insulating medium 1 is 1 cS.
It is preferably in the range of t to 30,000 cSt. If the kinematic viscosity is less than 1 cSt, the storage stability of the EA fluid will be insufficient, and if the kinematic viscosity is more than 30,000 cSt, it will be difficult to uniformly disperse the EA particles.
Air bubbles are caught during adjustment, making it difficult for those air bubbles to escape.
It is not preferable because it causes trouble in handling. From this viewpoint, the kinematic viscosity is preferably in the range of 10 cSt to 1000 cSt, particularly preferably in the range of 10 cSt to 100 cSt. Of course, the kinematic viscosity of the electrically insulating medium 1 changes with temperature, and this temperature effect can be suppressed by the applied voltage.

The EA particles 2 used in the present invention are, if they are inorganic / organic composite particles having the EA effect, an element, an organic compound, an inorganic compound, or a mixture thereof.
Either material can be used. Examples thereof include particles of inorganic ion exchangers, metal oxides, silica gel, inorganic substances having electric semiconductors, carbon black, and particles having these as a surface layer. However, as shown in the above-mentioned examples, the EA particles 2 include the core body 3 made of an organic polymer compound and the particles 4 of the EA inorganic material.
It is particularly preferable that the inorganic-organic composite particles are formed by the surface layer 5 consisting of. In this inorganic-organic composite particle, a surface layer 5 composed of particles 4 of EA inorganic material having a relatively high specific gravity is carried on a core body 3 which is an organic polymer compound having a relatively low specific gravity, and the specific gravity of the entire particle is changed to an electric value. It can be adjusted to approximate the insulating medium 1. Therefore, the EA fluid obtained by dispersing this in the electrically insulating medium 1 has excellent storage stability.

Examples of organic polymer compounds that can be used as the core 3 of the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 are poly (meth) acrylic acid ester, (meth) acrylic acid ester-styrene copolymer, Polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, AB
S resin, nylon, polyvinyl butyrate, ionomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate resin,
One or a mixture of two or more such as a polycarbonate resin or a copolymer may be mentioned.

Particles 4 which are the EA inorganic substance forming the surface layer 5
Although various compounds can be used, preferred examples include inorganic ion exchangers, silica gel, and electrically semiconducting inorganic substances. When these particles 4 are used to form the surface layer 5 on the core 3 made of an organic polymer compound, the obtained inorganic / organic composite particles become useful EA particles 2.

Examples of the inorganic ion exchanger include (1)
Hydroxide of polyvalent metal, (2) hydrotalcites,
(3) Acid salt of polyvalent metal, (4) Hydroxyapatite, (5) Nasicon type compound, (6) Clay mineral, (7)
Mention may be made of potassium titanates, (8) heteropolyacid salts, and (9) insoluble ferrocyanide.

The respective inorganic ion exchangers will be described in detail below. (1) Hydroxide of polyvalent metal. These compounds are represented by the general formula MO _x (OH) _y (M is a polyvalent metal, x is a number of 0 or more, and y is a positive number), and examples thereof include titanium hydroxide and hydroxide. zirconium,
Examples thereof include bismuth hydroxide, tin hydroxide, lead hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, tantalum hydroxide, niobium hydroxide, molybdenum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, manganese hydroxide and iron hydroxide. Here, for example, titanium hydroxide refers to hydrous titanium oxide (also known as metatitanic acid or β-titanic acid, TiO 2
(OH) ₂ ) and titanium hydroxide (also known as orthotitanic acid or α-titanic acid, Ti (OH) ₄ ) are included, and the same applies to other compounds.

(2) Hydrotalcites. These compounds have the general formula M ₁₃ Al ₆ (OH) ₄₃ (C
O) ₃ · 12H ₂ O (M is a divalent metal),
For example, the divalent metal M is Mg, Ca or Ni. (3) Acid salt of polyvalent metal. These are, for example, titanium phosphate, zirconium phosphate, tin phosphate, cerium phosphate, chromium phosphate, zirconium arsenate, titanium arsenate, tin arsenate, cerium arsenate, titanium antimonate, tin antimonate, tantalum antimonate. , Niobium antimonate, zirconium tungstate, titanium vanadate, zirconium molybdate, titanium selenate, and tin molybdate.

(4) Hydroxyapatite. These are, for example, calcium apatite, lead apatite,
Examples include strontium apatite and cadmium apatite. (5) Nasicon type compound. These include, for example, (H ₃ O) Zr ₂ (PO ₄ ) ₃ but in the present invention, a Nasicon type compound in which H ₃ O is replaced with Na can also be used. (6) Clay mineral. These are, for example, montmorillonite, sepiolite, bentonite and the like, with sepiolite being particularly preferred.

(7) Potassium titanates. These general formula _{aK 2 O · bTiO 2 · nH} 2 O (a 0
<A is a positive number that satisfies a ≦ 1, b is a positive number that satisfies 1 ≦ b ≦ 6, and n is a positive number), for example, K ₂ ·
TiO ₂ · 2H ₂ O, K ₂ O · 2TiO ₂ · 2H ₂ O, 0.
5K ₂ O ・ TiO ₂・ 2H ₂ O, and K ₂ O ・ 2.5TiO
₂ · 2H ₂ O, and the like. Incidentally, among the above compounds, a compound in which a or b is not an integer can be easily synthesized by acid-treating a compound in which a or b is an appropriate integer and replacing K with H.

(8) Heteropolyacid salt. These are represented by the general formula H ₃ AE ₁₂ O ₄₀ .nH ₂ O (A is phosphorus, arsenic, germanium, or silicon, E is molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium, and n is a positive number), For example, ammonium molybdophosphate and ammonium tungstophosphate. (9) Insoluble ferrocyanide. These are compounds represented by the following general formula. M _b-pxa
A [E (CN) ₆ ] (M is an alkali metal or hydrogen ion, A is a heavy metal ion such as zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, cadmium, iron (III) or titanium, E is iron (II), iron (III), cobalt (II) or the like, b is 4 or 3, a is a valence of A, and p is a positive number of 0 to b / a.) These include, for example, Cs. ₂ Zn [Fe (CN) ₆ ] and K ₂ Co
Insoluble ferrocyanine compounds such as [Fe (CN) ₆ ] are included.

The inorganic ion exchangers (1) to (6) each have an OH group, and some or all of the ions present at the ion exchange sites of these inorganic ion exchangers are different from other ions. Those substituted with (hereinafter, referred to as a substitutional inorganic ion exchanger) are also included in the inorganic ion exchanger of the present invention. That, R-M ¹ inorganic ion exchanger described above (M ¹ represents an ion species of the ion exchange sites) is expressed as a part or all of M ¹ in the R-M ^1, the ion exchange reaction below A substituted inorganic ion exchanger in which an ionic species M ² different from M ¹ is substituted by
It is an inorganic ion exchanger in the present invention. xR−M ¹ + yM ² → Rx− (M ² ) y + xM ¹ (where x and y represent the valences of the ion species M ² and M ¹ , respectively). M ¹ varies depending on the type of the inorganic ion exchanger having an OH group, but when the inorganic ion exchanger exhibits a cation exchange property, M ¹ is generally H ⁺ , and in this case, M ² is an alkali metal or an alkali. Any metal ion other than H ⁺ , such as earth metals, polyvalent typical metals, transition metals or rare earth metals. When the inorganic ion exchanger having an OH group exhibits anion exchange property, M ¹ is generally OH ^−.
Where M ² is, for example, I, Cl, SCN, N
Any of anions other than OH ⁻ such as O ₂ , Br, F, CH ₃ COO, SO ₄ or CrO ₄ and complex ions.

Further, regarding the inorganic ion exchanger which has once lost the OH group due to the high temperature heat treatment but becomes to have the OH group again by an operation such as immersion in water, the inorganic ion exchanger after the high temperature heat treatment is used. Exchangers and the like are also a kind of inorganic ion exchangers that can be used in the present invention, and specific examples thereof include a Nasicon type compound such as (H ₃ O) Zr ₂
(PO ₄₎ HZr ₂ obtained by heating ₃ (PO _{4) 3} and high-temperature heat treatment of hydrotalcite (500 to 700
Heat treatment at ℃) etc. These inorganic ion exchangers can be used not only in one kind but also in many kinds simultaneously as a surface layer. In addition, it is particularly preferable to use a hydroxide of a polyvalent metal and an acid salt of a polyvalent metal as the inorganic ion exchanger.

An example of an electrically semiconductive inorganic material that can be used as the surface layer 5 of the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 is a metal having an electric conductivity of 10 ³ to 10 ^-11 Ω ^-1 / cm at room temperature. Oxides, metal hydroxides, metal oxide hydroxides, inorganic ion exchangers, or metal-doped at least one of these, or at least any one of these regardless of the presence or absence of metal doping For example, those applied as an electric semiconductor layer on another support.

Examples of preferable electrically semiconductive inorganic substances are shown below. (A) Metal oxide: For example, SnO ₂ or amorphous titanium dioxide (manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.). (B) Metal hydroxide: For example, titanium hydroxide or niobium hydroxide. Here, titanium hydroxide means hydrous titanium oxide (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.), metatitanic acid (also known as β-titanic acid,
TiO (OH) ₂ ) and orthotitanic acid (also known as α-titanic acid, Ti (OH) ₄ ) are included. (C) Metal oxide hydroxide: For example, FeO
(OH) (goethite) and the like can be mentioned. (D) Hydroxide of polyvalent metal: equivalent to inorganic ion exchanger (1). (E) Hydrotalcites: Inorganic ion exchanger (2)
Equivalent to (F) Acid salt of polyvalent metal: equivalent to the inorganic ion exchanger (3). (G) Hydroxyapatite: Inorganic ion exchanger (4)
Equivalent to (H) Nashicon type compound: equivalent to the inorganic ion exchanger (5). (I) Clay mineral: equivalent to the inorganic ion exchanger (6). (J) Potassium titanate: equivalent to the inorganic ion exchanger (7). (K) Heteropolyacid salt: equivalent to the inorganic ion exchanger (8). (L) Insoluble ferrocyanide: equivalent to inorganic ion exchanger (9). (M) Metal-Doped Electric Field Alignment Inorganic Material: This is an ER inorganic material doped with a metal such as antimony (Sb) in order to increase the electric conductivity of the above-mentioned electric semiconductor inorganic materials (A) to (L). As an example, antimony (Sb) -doped tin oxide (SnO ₂ ) and the like can be mentioned. (N) EA inorganic material applied as an electric semiconductor layer on another support: for example, titanium oxide, silica as a support,
Examples thereof include inorganic particles such as alumina and silica-alumina, or organic polymer particles such as polyethylene and polypropylene, to which antimony (Sb) -doped tin oxide (SnO ₂ ) is applied as an electric semiconductor layer. . The particles in which the EA inorganic substance is applied to the other support as described above can be regarded as the EA inorganic substance as a whole. These EA minerals are not only one type, but two
It is also possible to use types or more simultaneously as the surface layer.

The EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 can be manufactured by various methods. For example, there is a method in which a particulate core body 3 made of an organic polymer compound and fine particulate particles 4 are transported by a jet stream and collided with each other to produce them. In this case, the fine particles of the particles 4 collide with the surface of the particulate core 3 at a high speed and are fixed to form the surface layer 5. Another example of the manufacturing method is a method in which the particulate core body 3 is suspended in a gas, and a solution of the particles 4 is atomized and sprayed on the surface. In this case, the surface layer 5 is formed by adhering the solution onto the surface of the core 3 and drying it.

A particularly preferred method for producing the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 is to form the surface layer 5 at the same time as the core body 3. In this method, for example, when emulsion-polymerizing, suspension-polymerizing, or dispersion-polymerizing the monomer of the organic polymer compound forming the core body 3 in a polymerization medium, the particles 4 which are fine particle EA inorganic substances in the monomer are Alternatively, it is present in the polymerization medium. Water is preferred as the polymerization medium, but a mixture of water and a water-soluble organic solvent can also be used, and an organic poor solvent can also be used. According to this method, the monomers are polymerized in the polymerization medium to form the core particles 3, and at the same time, the fine particle EA inorganic particles 4 are layered on the surface of the core 3 to cover the core particles 3. The surface layer 5 is formed.

When the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 are produced by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization, the particles of the EA inorganic substance are combined by combining the hydrophobic property of the monomer and the hydrophilic property of the EA inorganic substance. Most of the particles 4 can be attached to the surface of the core 3. According to the method of simultaneously forming the core body 3 and the surface layer 5, the EA inorganic particles 4 are densely and firmly adhered to the surface of the core body 3 made of an organic polymer compound, and the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite) Particles 2) are formed.

The shape of the EA particles 2 used in the present invention does not necessarily have to be spherical, but when the particulate core 3 is produced by the controlled emulsion / suspension polymerization method, the EA obtained is obtained. The shape of the particles 2 is almost spherical. In addition, since the spherical shape allows light to be scattered in all directions when adjusting the amount of transmitted light, the spherical shape is more advantageous than the irregular shape. The particle size of the EA particles 2 is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 μm to 500 μm,
It is particularly preferable that the thickness is in the range of 5 μm to 200 μm. At this time, the particle size of the particles 4 which are fine particle EA inorganic substances is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0
05 μm to 100 μm, more preferably 0.01
It is within the range of μm to 10 μm.

In the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2, the particles 4 and the core 3 which are the EA inorganic material forming the surface layer 5 are formed.
Although the weight ratio of the organic polymer compound forming the is not particularly limited, in order to obtain an EA fluid with high storage stability, the EA inorganic particles 4 and the organic polymer compound core 3 are used.
1% to 60% by weight of particles 4 relative to the total weight of
It is preferable to be in the range of, especially 4 to 30% by weight. When the proportion of the core body 3 is less than 1% by weight, the EA characteristics of the obtained EA particles 2 become insufficient, and 6
If it exceeds 0% by weight, the specific gravity of the EA2 particles becomes excessively large, possibly impairing the storage stability.

The specific gravity of these EA particles 2 is relatively large as compared with the specific gravity of the EA inorganic particles 4 forming the surface layer 5 because the organic polymer compound having a relatively small specific gravity is used for the core 3. Can be made smaller. Depending on the type and ratio of the organic polymer compound and the EA inorganic substance used, EA
The specific gravity of the particles 2 can be freely adjusted, but in general, the specific gravity is 1.0 to 2.0 in view of the relationship with the electrically insulating medium 1 used.
Adjusted to the extent. In this case, if the difference in specific gravity from the electrically insulating medium 1 is large, the EA particles 2 may settle by gravity in the medium and uniform dispersion may not be possible.

The surface layer 5 of the EA particles 2 or the core 3 may contain a dye. The dye that can be used for the surface layer 5 is a pigment. When the surface layer 5 made of the EA inorganic particles 4 is formed on the core body 3 by the above method, the pigment is preferably mixed with the particles 4 and used to be contained in the surface layer 5. When the core 3 contains a dye,
Any of the dyes or pigments generally known for synthetic resins can be used. This dye can be contained in the core 3 by mixing the monomer in advance with the monomer forming the core 3 and then polymerizing the monomer, or by kneading it into a synthetic resin forming the core 3. By using the EA particles 2 containing a pigment in the surface layer 5 or the core body 3, or both, the scattered light of the obtained EA fluid under no electric field can be colored in any color.

The EA fluid of the present invention can be produced by uniformly stirring and mixing the EA particles 2 in the electrically insulating medium 1 together with a dispersant and other components if necessary.
As the stirrer, any stirrer normally used for dispersing solid particles in a liquid dispersion medium can be used. The content of the EA particles 2 in the electrically insulating medium 1 used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be 0.
It is preferably 5 to 15% by weight. If the particle concentration is less than 0.5% by weight, a sufficient EA effect cannot be obtained and 1
If it is 5% by weight or more, the particle concentration is too high and a large amount of EA particles 2
Will be dispersed in the entire EA fluid, so even if a voltage is applied to control the orientation of the EA particles 2 ... As described later.
The transparency may not be obtained. However, when the transparency is not required depending on the application, the content of the EA particles 2 in the electrically insulating medium 1 is 0.5 to 7%.
It can be 5% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight. When the content is 75% by weight or more, the initial viscosity of the EA fluid when no voltage is applied becomes excessively large, which makes it difficult to use.

The EA particles 2 produced by the above-mentioned various methods, particularly the method of simultaneously forming the core 3 and the surface layer 5,
The whole or part of the surface layer 5 may be covered with a thin film of an organic polymer substance, a dispersant used in the manufacturing process, an emulsifier or other additive substances, and the EA effect as EA particles may not be sufficiently exhibited. is there. This thin film of inert material can be easily removed by polishing the surface of the particles. Therefore, when the core body 3 and the surface layer 5 are simultaneously formed, it is preferable to polish the surfaces thereof.

The surface of the particles can be polished by various methods. For example, EA, which is an inorganic / organic composite particle
The method can be performed by dispersing the particles 2 in a dispersion medium such as water and stirring this. At this time, a method of mixing an abrasive such as sand particles or balls into the dispersion medium and stirring with the EA particles 2, a method of stirring with a grinding wheel, or the like can be used. For example, it is also possible to carry out dry stirring without using a dispersion medium, using the EA particles 2 and the above-mentioned abrasive or grinding stone.

A more preferable polishing method is a method in which the EA particles 2 are agitated by a jet stream or the like. This is a method of polishing particles by violently colliding with each other in a gas phase, and is a preferable method in that the polished particles can be easily separated by classification without the need for another abrasive. In the above jet stream agitation, it is necessary to select polishing conditions depending on the type of equipment used, the agitation speed, the material of the EA particles 2, etc., but generally 60
It is preferable to perform jet stream stirring at a stirring speed of 00 rpm for about 0.5 min to 15 min.

In the soundproof wall of a railroad track or road of the present invention, when noise is detected by the noise detection device 35, the switch 14 detects a high-level frequency band of noise and is transparent in correspondence with this frequency band. A voltage is applied between the conductive layers 17 and 18. Here, the voltage applied by the switch 14 causes the sound absorption frequency of the sound wave absorption control device 31 to match the high level band of noise, and changes in real time in accordance with the change in the detected high level band. In this way, effective noise absorption can always be achieved depending on the type, speed, and traffic volume of the vehicle traveling in the traveling zone 33.
Control is exercised. Further, it is possible to exhibit a high soundproofing effect in response to external environment such as wind and over-density of buildings around the road. Since the EA particles 2 are oriented when the voltage is applied, the sound wave absorption control device 31 is transparent, and the scenery outside can be seen from the vehicle C traveling in the traveling zone 33. The finding can be performed without any change as compared with the case where the soundproof wall 30 is not provided. When no noise is detected by the noise detecting device 35, the voltage applied by the switch 14 is set to the container 20.
It is a constant reference value capable of maintaining the transparency of the EA fluid inside.

Here, it is also possible to set the voltage applied by the switch 14 to zero when noise is not detected. In this case, the EA of the EA fluid is detected before noise is detected.
The particles 2 are randomly dispersed and randomly dispersed in the electrically insulating medium 1 (see FIG. 4). In this state, the light is EA
The presence of particles scatters in various directions, so that the container 20 looks like an opaque frosted glass. For example, when titanium hydroxide particles are used as the EA inorganic particles 4, the color tone becomes cloudy. Further, when the surface layer 5 of the EA particles 2 and / or the core body 3 contain a pigment, the container 20 appears to be colored by the pigment. Here, if the EA particles 2 have a spherical shape, light is scattered in all directions, so there is little possibility that the light will be converged in a specific direction.

Next, when a voltage is applied to the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 based on the detection of noise by the noise detection device 35, the EA particles 2 in the EA fluid are arrayed and connected in a chain shape to form a chain (particles). Chains 6 are formed, and the chain-like bodies 6 are arranged parallel to the electric field direction (see FIG. 5). That is, the ratio of the EA particles 2 dispersed in the electrically insulating medium 1 is 10 as described above.
Since the amount is less than about 10% by weight and is small as a whole,
When these are oriented to form the chain bodies 6, there is a space between the chain bodies 6 that is considerably wider than the diameter of the EA particles 2. As a result, the light incident in the thickness direction of the container 20 passes through the container 20 with almost no attenuation. Therefore, the storage body 20 becomes transparent. When the noise is not detected again, the voltage application is turned off and the sound wave absorption control device 31 becomes opaque again.

When the applied voltage is turned off and the sound wave absorption control device 31 is made opaque except when noise is detected, it saves power and, for example, when a sidewalk or a parking lot is installed on the road shoulder. If the voltage application is stopped except when the vehicle C is passing, direct sunlight is prevented in summer, which is suitable for multipurpose use of sidewalks and parking lots.

Further, regarding the transmitted light amount control of the sound wave absorption control device 31 of the present invention, it can be operated with a voltage of 0.1 to 5.0 kV / mm and an extremely small current of at most several mA / m ² . In addition, since the EA particles 2 can be arranged at the same time when a voltage is applied to the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 of the container 20, sufficient responsiveness can be obtained. Further, if the transmitted light amount is controlled by the EA fluid, the transmitted light amount can be uniformly controlled in the entire wavelength range without absorbing the light of a specific frequency, so that there is no fear of heat generation due to light absorption.
There is no energy waste.

Furthermore, once a voltage is applied and the EA particles 2 ... Orient, the EA particles 2 ... Can maintain their state for a while even if the voltage is turned off. In addition, the maintenance time of the alignment state of the EA particles 2 in the state where no voltage is applied may be appropriately adjusted according to the type of the EA particles 2 and the kinematic viscosity of the electrically insulating medium 1 in which the EA particles 2 are dispersed. it can. That is, if the kinematic viscosity of the electrically insulating medium 1 is lowered, the maintenance time can be shortened, and if the kinematic viscosity is increased, the maintenance time can be lengthened.

By the way, the particle size of the EA particles 2 is set in the range of 0.1 μm to 500 μm, preferably 5 μm to 200 μm as described above, because the EA particles 2 of the present invention are light scattering type particles or This is because it has a function as a light-reflecting particle. As is well known, the wavelength of visible light is 380 to 780 nm, that is, 0.38 to 0.3.
Since the particle size is 78 μm, in order to control the transmitted light by scattering or reflecting light of this wavelength, the particle size of the EA particles 2 is at least 0.1 μm or more, preferably 5 μm.
It is necessary to make it m or more. On the other hand, a particle size smaller than the wavelength of visible light that causes Brownian motion, for example, 5 nm to several tens nm (= 0.005 to 0.02 μ)
When ultrafine particles having a dielectric constant of about m) are dispersed in an electrically insulating medium, it may be possible to orient the ultrafine particles by an electric field. Is completely different, the ultrafine particles disperse completely when no electric field is applied and the light is completely transmitted, and when the electric field is applied, the ultrafine particles are oriented to scatter and attenuate the light, resulting in a completely different behavior. Not preferable.

Next, ultrafine particles of TiBaO ₄ can be considered as the ultrafine particles having dielectric properties as described above. However, TiBaO ₄ is a substance having a specific gravity in the range of 4 to 6 and is heavy. Even if the TiBaO ₄ particles are made to have a large particle size for the purpose of making them light-reflective, they will settle by gravity due to the difference in specific gravity from the medium in the electrically insulating medium and cannot be dispersed uniformly. Also, the T
In order to uniformly disperse the iBaO ₄ particles in the electrically insulating medium, an electrically insulating medium having a large specific gravity is required, but an electrically insulating medium having a specific gravity of about 4 to 6 does not exist. On the other hand, the EA particles 2 of the present invention have the core body 3 as described above.
Is composed of an organic polymer compound, and the surface layer 5 is composed of the EA inorganic particles 4, so that the specific gravity thereof can be easily adjusted to around 1.2, and various commonly known electrically insulating media 1 Can be used.

Next, from the viewpoint of colorability, it is difficult to color the ultrafine particles, and even if they can be colored, the particle size is too small, so they were dispersed in an electrically insulating medium. The color of the ultrafine particles cannot be perceptibly developed. Therefore, when using the ultrafine particles,
Only the color of the electrically insulating medium can be developed, and only one coloring pattern can be realized. For example, only changes between red transparent and red opaque are feasible.
On the other hand, according to the present invention, when the electrically insulating medium 1 is red transparent and the EA particles 2 are white, discoloration of opaque opaque to red transparent can be realized, and the electrically insulating medium 1 is colorless and transparent. When the particles 2 are blue, discoloration of blue opaque to colorless and transparent can be realized, and the electrically insulating medium 1 is red and EA.
When the particles 2 are made blue, discoloration of purple opaque to red transparent can be realized, and when the electrically insulating medium 1 is made light blue and EA particles 2 are made yellow, opaque yellow green to light blue can be realized. Further, even when the colored portion is seen, the core body 3 of the EA particle 2
The surface layer 5 and the electrically insulating medium 1 can be colored, and coloring variations can be easily applied. The surface of the core body 3 of the EA particles 2 is covered with the particles 4 of the EA inorganic material, but since the color leaks from the gap between the particles 4, the color when the core body 3 is colored is also the color of the EA fluid. Effectively reflected in.

In order to color the surface layer 5 of the EA particles 2, the required number of colored inorganic pigments are mixed in the particles 4 of the EA inorganic material used for producing the EA particles 2 and the mixture is uniformly mixed. The EA particles 2 may be manufactured by using this using the method described above. In the EA particles 2 produced in this manner, for example, as shown in FIG. 11, a part of the EA inorganic particles 4 attached to the periphery of the core 3 is a colored inorganic pigment 44.
To have a structure substituted with. by this,
The EA particles 2 can be colored.

When the electrically insulating medium 1 and the EA particles 2 are colored, the sound wave absorption control device 31 is colored and transparent when a voltage is applied. By doing so, for example, even when the sun is ahead of the traveling direction of the vehicle C traveling in the traveling zone 33 at dawn or in the evening, the sun's rays can be reduced, but the upper part of the driver's seat of the automobile can be reduced. Since it is not necessary to use the plate for preventing direct sunlight rays attached to, and the field of view is not narrowed, a good field of view can be secured. Further, the sound wave absorption control device 3 is controlled by the strength of the applied voltage.
When the color tone of 1 is different, it is also possible to know the traffic volume of the vehicle C by determining this color tone.

Next, noise absorption / control in the soundproof wall 30 of the railway track or road shown in FIG. 1 will be described. As described above, the storage body 2 that constitutes the sound wave absorption control device 31.
When a voltage is applied to the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 of No. 0, the EA particles 2 in the EA fluid are array-bonded in a chain to form a chain body (particle chain) 6, and the chain body 6 moves in the electric field direction. Arrange in parallel (see FIG. 5). When a sound wave (air vibration) 11 is made incident on the transparent substrate (PET film) 27 on the traveling zone 33 side with the voltage thus applied, (a) in FIG.
The states of (b), (c), and (d) occur sequentially, and the transparent substrate 27 vibrates in the opposite direction together with the transparent conductive layer 17 on the inner surface thereof as shown by an arrow X (see FIGS. 1 and 2). However, since the chain body 6 itself has an elastic property, when the chain body 6 is compressed, as shown in (b) of FIG. 6D, a repulsive force is generated, and as shown in FIG. 6D, when the chain body 6 is pulled, the EA particles 2 facing each other attract each other to generate an attractive force. As a result, due to the movement of the chain-like body 6 in the EA fluid, viscous resistance is generated and energy loss (dissipation) of the sound wave 11 occurs.

As the transparent substrate 27 vibrates, the chain 6 is repeatedly pulled and compressed, and as a result, the chain 6 itself vibrates. That is, when the sound wave 11 incident on the transparent substrate 27 receives the chain-shaped body 6,
EA fluid containing, transparent substrate 27 and transparent conductive layer 17
It resonates with the laminated body composed of. The sound wave frequency that gives vibration to the chain 6 is determined by the characteristic frequency of the chain 6, and when a sound wave 11 having a frequency matching the characteristic frequency enters the transparent substrate 27, the chain 6 Resonates (see arrows A and B in FIG. 2) to absorb and control the sound wave, and the sound wave 12 of another frequency is reflected.

Here, since the force acting between the EA particles 2 (stress generated in the chain-like body 6) increases with an increase in the voltage applied to the pair of transparent conductive layers 17 and 18, the chain-like body is formed. 6
The elastic modulus and the viscosity of itself increase with the increase of the applied voltage. The present invention utilizes this fact to remove a desired component of a sound wave. That is, by adjusting the applied voltage, the characteristic frequency of the particle chain 6 itself is adjusted to the transparent substrate 27.
By matching the frequency of the component (sound wave having a specific wavelength) to be removed among the sound waves (air vibration) incident on
, The chain body 6 is resonated by the action of the inertial force as shown by the left and right arrows A and B, and the energy of the component of the incident sound wave 11 to be removed is consumed, and the other sound wave component (reference numeral 12). Is shown) is reflected. In this way, the applied voltage can absorb the component of the desired specific wavelength of the incident sound wave.

The characteristic frequency of the sound wave absorption control device 31 of the present invention is the size of the EA particles (solid particles) 2, the elastic force acting between the EA particles 2, the natural frequency of the transparent substrate 27 and the transparent substrates 27, 28. It will change depending on the distance between them. In the present invention, a spherical E-shaped particle having a substantially uniform particle size is used in the electrically insulating medium 1.
Since the A particles 2 are dispersed (without using irregular particles), the above-mentioned repulsive force and attractive force do not fluctuate under a constant voltage, and the elastic force acting between the EA particles 2 and the transparent substrate 2
The balance of inertial force of 7 does not easily change. In the above-mentioned embodiment, the chain-like body 6 is supposed to be bent in a V-shape, but in addition to this, for example, an S-shape as shown in FIG. It is considered that there is a case in which it is bent into a W shape as shown in b).

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the phenomenon in which the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 form a row of chain-like bodies 6 and are arranged in parallel by the application of an electric field has been described. When the number of slabs exceeds several% by weight, 1
Instead of the chained bodies 6 in a row, the chained bodies 6 are joined to each other in a plurality of rows to form a column 19 as shown in FIG. In this column 19, the left and right chain-shaped EA particles 2 are staggered by one and adjoin each other. With respect to this, the inventors of the present invention, as shown in (b) of FIG. 10, have EA particles 2 that are dielectrically polarized in the + pole portion and the − pole portion.
It is presumed that this is because it is more stable in terms of energy when the positive pole portion and the negative pole portion are alternately arranged adjacent to each other. Therefore, when the content of EA particles 2 is large,
A large number of columns 19 are formed between the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18, and a mechanism for increasing the amount of transmitted light acts by the generation of the columns 19. In this case, since a large amount of EA particles 2 are collected in a plurality of columns 19, the intervals between the adjacent columns 19 are widened, and the function of increasing the amount of transmitted light becomes remarkable.

Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be clarified by showing examples. (Example) A transparent conductive layer 18 made of an ITO (indium tin oxide) film is coated on one surface of glass 28 to have a thickness of 1.
0 mm ITO glass was produced. On the other hand, the PET film 27 and the transparent conductive layer 17 made of an ITO film were laminated. The transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 were made to face each other in parallel at an interval of 2 mm, and the peripheral edges were sealed with a resin sealing member 15. An injection hole is formed in a part of the seal member 15 in advance, and a liquid EA fluid is injected from the injection hole, and then the injection hole is closed to close the container 20.
Was produced. The soundproof wall 30 shown in FIG. 1 was constructed by attaching a frame body 32 to the periphery of the storage body 20.

The manufacturing process of the EA fluid used will be described below. First, a mixture of titanium hydroxide (general name; hydrous titanium oxide, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd., C-II), butyl acrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, and a polymerization initiator is dispersed and stabilized with tricalcium phosphate. It was dispersed in water contained as an agent and suspension polymerization was carried out at 60 ° C. for 1 hour with stirring. The obtained product was filtered, washed with acid, further washed with water, and dried to obtain EA particles 2. The EA particles 2 obtained above were agitated by a jet airflow using a jet airflow stirrer (Hybridizer manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), and surface-polished to obtain EA particles 2. This product had a specific gravity of 1.157 and an average particle size of 13.7 μm. The EA particles 2 are uniformly dispersed in silicone oils of various kinematic viscosities (TSF451 series manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.) so that the content is various weight%, and the kinematic viscosity of the silicone oil is constant. Then, EA fluids having various particle concentrations and silicone oils having a constant particle concentration and various kinematic viscosities were used as the electrically insulating medium 1.

Experiments were carried out using the above various EA fluids to examine changes in transmitted light when a voltage was applied. The results are shown in FIGS. The experiment was carried out by detecting the intensity of the light incident on the housing body 20 and the intensity of the light passing through the housing body 20 with an optical sensor, and comparing the results with each other and displaying the result as dBm in dBm. In this case, 3.2d
An increase in Bm means a 2.09-fold increase in optical power, and an increase in 4.2 dBm results in an optical power of 2.63.
It means double the increase.

FIG. 12 shows the results of measuring the increased light when the EA particle concentration and the applied electric field were used as parameters when the kinematic viscosity of the silicone oil (base oil) was 10 cSt. Similarly, FIG. 13 shows that the silicone oil has a kinematic viscosity of 50.
Similar test results in the case of cSt, FIG. 14 shows similar test results in the case where the kinematic viscosity of the silicone oil is 100 cSt. From the results shown in FIGS. 12 to 14, increased light was obtained with an applied voltage at an EA particle concentration of 0.5 to 15 wt%. In addition, the dBm value of the increased light increases as the applied electric field increases in the range of 0.25 to 1.5 kV / mm. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the amount of transmitted light can be controlled by implementing the present invention. Next, when the EA particle concentration is 1.0% by weight, the proportion of increased light is small even when the applied electric field is 3 kV / mm. Therefore, set the EA particle concentration to 2.
It has been found that it is preferable to set the content to 5% by weight or more.

Next, FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 show the same results as the results of the test in which the increased light was measured with the kinematic viscosity of the silicone oil and the applied electric field as parameters when the EA particle concentration was fixed at 5.0% by weight. The test results are shown when the EA particle concentration is 7.5% by weight in the test. From the results shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, increased light was obtained in response to the application of voltage for silicone oil of any kinematic viscosity,
It was found that the dBm value of the increased light increased as the applied electric field increased in the range of 3 kV / mm. Therefore, it can be demonstrated that the amount of transmitted light can be controlled by carrying out the present invention, and the applied electric field is 0.25 to 1.5 kV /
It has been found that the larger the light within the range of mm, the larger the increased light can be obtained.

Next, Tables 1 and 2 show the increased light obtained when a silicone oil (base oil) having a kinematic viscosity of 50 cSt was used and the concentration of the EA particles 2 was 5.0% by weight.
The results of investigation for each wavelength of transmitted light are shown.

[0068]

[Table 1]

[0069]

[Table 2]

From the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, 1.5 kV /
When an electric field of mm is applied, the average is 4.
Increased light of about 2 dBm can be obtained, and 400 to 110
It was confirmed that almost uniform increasing light was obtained in a wide wavelength range of 0 nm. Therefore, according to the present invention, it has been clarified that the transmitted light amount can be similarly controlled in a wide light wavelength range. The wavelength range of visible light is usually 48
Since it is set to 0 to 780 nm, it was confirmed that the soundproof wall 30 of the present invention can control the amount of transmitted light in almost the entire wavelength range of visible light and in the infrared range having a longer wavelength.

FIG. 17 shows the change in the energization time and the amount of transmitted light to the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 when an EA fluid in which 7% by weight of EA particles 2 was dispersed in silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity of 10 cSt was used. It shows a relationship. The amount of transmitted light is measured by injecting light from a light source above the housing body 20 filled with the EA fluid, installing an optical sensor below the housing body 20, and analyzing the light received by the optical sensor for each wavelength. Is. As is clear from this figure, it is clear that the amount of transmitted light begins to increase about 1 second after the start of energization and reaches a maximum at 3 to 4 seconds and stabilizes.

FIG. 18 shows the frequency dependence of the amount of transmitted light when the amount of transmitted light is measured using an EA fluid in which 4% by weight of EA particles 2 colored blue is added to silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity of 10 cSt. . The EA particles 2 were colored by substituting 20% by weight of the EA inorganic particles 4 constituting the surface layer 5 of the EA particles 2 with a blue pigment. In this figure, the curve indicated by E = 0 kV indicates the amount of transmitted light when there is no electric field, and the curve indicated by E = 2 kV indicates the amount of transmitted light when a potential of 2 kV is applied to the electrodes. As is clear from a comparison of both curves shown in FIG. 18, a blue EA fluid that transmits a large amount of blue light having a short wavelength when there is no electric field transmits a wide range of light in a wide wavelength range when an electric field is applied. It is recognized that the color changed from blue to colorless and transparent.

FIG. 19 shows an electrically insulating medium 1 of dimethyl silicone oil containing 0.1% by weight of a blue dye.
This is for explaining the frequency dependence of the amount of transmitted light when the amount of excess light is measured only for the electrically insulating medium 1 (without the EA particles 2). The electrically insulating medium 1 is a medium that looks light blue to the naked eye. FIG.
As is clear from the comparison between the light source spectrum and the medium spectrum, it is clear that light is absorbed in the part other than the spectrum showing the short wavelength blue, and from this, the electrically insulating medium 1 is blue. It is clear that the electrically insulating medium 1 is blue because a large amount of light is transmitted therethrough.

FIG. 20 shows that dimethyl silicone oil containing 0.1% by weight of a blue dye was used as the electrically insulating medium 1.
On the other hand, it is for explaining the frequency dependence of the transmitted light quantity when the EA fluid is formed by dispersing 5% by weight of the yellow colored EA particles 2 and the transmitted light quantity is measured using this. The means used for coloring the EA particles 2 is the same as in the above example, and this time a yellow pigment was used. Figure 2
Reference numeral 0 indicates the light source spectrum, the transmitted light spectrum when E = 0 kV / mm, and the transmitted light spectrum when E = 1 kV / mm, respectively. From this figure, it can be seen that what was opaque yellow-green, which is a mixed color of blue and yellow when there was no electric field, changed to a blue transparent state that was nearly colorless and transparent when an electric field was applied.
From the above, according to the present invention, various variations of colors can be applied to the EA fluid, and the colors can be changed to a transparent state of a different color, a transparent state of the same color, or a colorless transparent state. It was revealed.

The railroad track or road sound barrier of the present invention may be applied to a railroad track.

[0076]

As described above, according to the present invention, plate-shaped sound wave absorption control devices are formed by connecting them in the surface direction, and the sound wave absorption control devices are opposed to each other with a gap therebetween. An EA fluid containing EA particles having an EA effect in an electrically insulating medium is housed inside a hollow housing body in which at least a part of the arranged two-sided substrates facing each other is transparent. A pair of transparent conductive layers are formed on the inner surface of the substrate, each of the substrates is arranged facing one of the front and back surfaces of the soundproof wall, and comprises a voltage applying means for applying a desired voltage between the pair of transparent conductive layers, When noise is detected, the voltage application means applies a voltage between the transparent conductive layers in response to the high-level frequency band of noise, so the type and speed of the vehicle traveling in the traveling zone, the amount of traffic, the wind, the surroundings of the road. In response to factors such as the overcrowding of buildings In addition to being able to exert a high soundproof effect, the EA particles are oriented and the sound wave absorption control device is transparent when a voltage is applied, so that the scenery outside can be seen from the vehicle traveling in the traveling zone, It does not hinder the discovery of certain objects.

[Brief description of drawings]

1A and 1B show an embodiment of a soundproof wall for a railroad track or a road according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a vertical sectional view and FIG. 1B is a partially cutaway perspective view.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which sound waves are incident and a chain or one of the substrates resonates in a soundproof wall of a railroad track or a road according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the electro-sensitive optical functional fluid composition according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an aspect of the electrosensitive optical functional fluid composition according to the present invention when the power is turned off.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an aspect of the electro-sensitive optical functional fluid composition according to the present invention when the power is turned on.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a sound wave is incident on the sound wave absorption control apparatus of the present invention and one of the substrates vibrates.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of measuring the effect of electric field strength on electric field arrangement characteristics of an electric field arrangement particle dispersion system.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a vibration system.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another example of the bending state of the chain in the sound wave absorption control device of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a column in which a plurality of chains are joined to each other in the sound wave absorption control apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of electric field array particles having a colored surface layer according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the light transmittance in the case of using an electrically insulating medium having a kinematic viscosity of 10 cSt in the present invention, using the particle concentration and the applied electric field as parameters.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the light transmittance in the case of using an electrically insulating medium having a kinematic viscosity of 50 cSt in the present invention, using the particle concentration and the applied electric field as parameters.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the light transmittance in the case of using an electrically insulating medium having a kinematic viscosity of 100 cSt in the present invention, using the particle concentration and the applied electric field as parameters.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the light transmittance of an inorganic / organic composite particle having a particle concentration of 5.0% by weight in the present invention, using the applied electric field and the kinematic viscosity of an electrically insulating medium as parameters.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the light transmittance of an inorganic / organic composite particle having a particle concentration of 7.5% by weight in the present invention, using the applied electric field and the kinematic viscosity of an electrically insulating medium as parameters.

FIG. 17: In the present invention, when the electrosensitive optical functional fluid composition in which 7% by weight of inorganic / organic composite particles are dispersed in silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity of 10 cSt is used, the energization time and permeation to the electrode are shown. It is the figure which showed the relationship of the change rate of light quantity.

FIG. 18: In the present invention, the amount of transmitted light was measured using an electro-sensitive photofunctional fluid composition in which 4% by weight of blue-colored inorganic / organic composite particles was added to silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity of 10 cSt. It is a figure showing frequency dependence of the amount of transmitted light in a case.

FIG. 19 is a graph showing the frequency dependence of the amount of transmitted light in the case of using the electrical insulating medium of dimethyl silicone oil containing 0.1% by weight of a blue dye in the present invention, and measuring the amount of excess light of only the electrical insulating medium. It is the figure which showed sex.

FIG. 20 shows a light source spectrum and E = 0 in the present invention.
Transmitted light spectrum at kV / mm and E = 1 kV / m
It is the figure which showed the transmitted light spectrum in case of m.

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional soundproof wall.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electrically insulating medium, 2 ... Electric field arrangement particles (EA particles,
Solid particles, inorganic / organic composite particles, 3 ... Core body (organic polymer compound), 4 ... Particles (particles of electric field aligning inorganic material), 5
... surface layer, 6 ... chain (particle chain), 11 ... incident sound wave, 12
... reflected sound wave, 13 ... power source (voltage applying means), 14 ... switch, 15 ... sealing member, 17, 18 ... transparent conductive layer, 2
0 ... Storage body, 27 ... Transparent substrate (PET film), 28
... transparent substrate, 30 ... soundproof wall, 31 ... sound wave absorption control device,
33 ... Running zone, C ... Vehicle

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Moritaka Goto 1-5-1, Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo Fujikura Ltd. (72) Inventor Kenji Furuichi 1-1-5, Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo Shareholders Company Fujikura (72) Inventor Yasufumi Otsubo 9-21-1 Konakadai, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 206

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A soundproof wall (3) erected on a side portion of a traveling zone (33) of a vehicle (C) on a railway track or a road.
0), which is formed by connecting plate-shaped sound wave absorption control devices (31) in a plane direction, and the sound wave absorption control device is a two-sided substrate that is arranged to face each other with a gap. In an electrically insulating medium (1), solid particles (2) having an electric field arranging effect are contained in a hollow container (20) in which at least parts of (27, 28) facing each other are transparent. And a pair of transparent conductive layers (17, 18) are formed on the inner surface of the substrate, and each of the substrates faces the front or back surface of the soundproof wall. A soundproof wall for a railroad track or a road, comprising voltage applying means (13) for applying a desired voltage between the pair of transparent conductive layers.