JPH08189103A - Variable sound-absorbing wall - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To easily change acoustic characteristics, by attaching a variable angle-louver composed of control panels absorbing sound waves to a rectangular frame and arranging a variable electric source applying voltage between a pair of electrodes, on a wall face. CONSTITUTION: A pair of transparent base boards are oppositely arranged with a distance and a transparent electric conductive layer is laid on the whole inner face of the transparent base boards and an ENC fluid compound containing EA particles in an electric insulating medium is enclosed into the transparent conductive layers. A number of variable angle-louvers 20 composed of control panels absorbing sound waves are arranged in the vertical direction of the rectanguler frame 21 to make a venetian blind type structure and horizontally rotate respective variable angle-louvers 20. Further, a voltage is applied to a pair of transparent conductive layers and a variable voltage source 13 and a switch 14 are arranged on a wall face 22 to form a variable sound- absorbing wall 30. Accordingly, sound waves with various frequencies are absorbed and easily controlled.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a variable sound absorbing wall for a structure applied to a multi-purpose hall or the like, and more specifically to an angle formed by a sound wave absorption control panel having a sound wave absorption control function based on an electric field array effect. The present invention relates to a variable sound absorbing wall in which a variable louver is arranged on a wall surface of a structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a music hall, a recording studio, a multipurpose hall, etc., a variable sound absorbing wall is used as a wall surface in order to obtain acoustic characteristics such as sound absorbing property and reverberation time according to the main purpose of use. It was being done. FIG. 24 shows an example of a conventional variable sound absorbing wall, and reference numeral 70 in the figure is a conventional variable sound absorbing wall. In this variable sound absorbing wall 70, a sound absorbing material 73 made of rock wool or glass wool is arranged between an outer wall 71 and an inner wall 72, and an angle variable louver 74 is arranged on the inner wall 72 located in front of the sound absorbing material 73. It has been configured. In order to adjust the acoustic characteristics using such a variable sound absorbing wall 70, the angle of the angle variable louver 71 is changed to change the opening area of the louver, and the exposed area of the sound absorbing material 73 is adjusted to adjust the sound absorption coefficient. Was being adjusted.

[0003]

However, in the sound absorbing material 73 used in the conventional variable sound absorbing wall 70, since the natural frequency is constant depending on the material, a component matching the natural frequency is obtained. When only the sound wave of the above can be absorbed (removed) and the component of the sound wave to be absorbed is changed, it is necessary to replace the sound absorbing material with a different material according to the frequency of the sound wave. In this way, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of types of sound wave absorbers having different natural frequencies and to select and use a predetermined absorber material corresponding to the frequency of the sound wave component to be absorbed. There has been a problem that the reliability is low because a lot of labor is required, the cost of the variable sound absorbing wall is increased, and the handling is complicated.

In some cases, the variable sound absorbing wall 70 is arranged on the wall surface of a soundproof room for accommodating a machine tool or the like, but the resonance frequency peculiar to the sound absorbing material 73 and the noise generated from the machine tool are It is possible that the frequencies will match. In this case, the sound absorbing material 73 itself resonates and the noise becomes rather large, so that the resonance phenomenon can be avoided by appropriately changing the acoustic characteristics of the soundproof room according to the frequency of the noise.
Improvement was sought.

By the way, the inventors of the present invention are conducting research on a fluid composition for electro-sensitive acoustic wave absorption control having a novel electric field arrangement characteristic which has not been known. This fluid composition is, for example, a fluid obtained by dispersing solid particles in an electrically insulating medium. When an electric field is applied to the fluid composition, the solid particles cause dielectric polarization, and electrostatic attraction based on the dielectric polarization causes the solid particles to undergo dielectric polarization. It has the property of forming a chain structure by aligning and aligning in the direction of the electric field. In addition, some solid particles exhibit the property of exhibiting an array lump structure by electrophoresis and array alignment. In this way, the array orientation of particles under an electric field is referred to as an electric field array effect, and solid particles having such properties are referred to as an electric field array particle. The present inventors have arrived at the present invention by conducting research on the fluid composition for electro-sensitive acoustic wave absorption control having this novel structure.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a variable sound absorbing wall having an acoustic adjusting function capable of easily changing the acoustic characteristics of a sound field based on the electric field array effect. Intended to provide.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the variable sound absorbing wall according to claim 1 of the present invention has an electric field array in a gap between a pair of electrode plates arranged to face each other with a gap. A rectangular frame to which an angle-variable louver, which is composed of a sound wave absorption control panel containing an electrosensitive sound wave control fluid composition containing solid particles having an effect in an electrically insulating medium, is attached, And a variable power source for applying a voltage between the electrode plates is disposed on the wall surface of the structure. The pair of electrode plates may be composed of a pair of substrates which are at least partially transparent to each other and transparent conductive layers respectively formed on the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates.

[0008]

In the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention, the variable angle louver is composed of a sound wave absorption control panel, and this sound wave absorption control panel develops a sound wave absorption function by applying a voltage and changes the applied voltage to the applied voltage. The characteristic frequency can be changed accordingly. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily and freely adjust the acoustic characteristics of the sound field.

That is, in the gap between the pair of electrode plates of the sound wave absorption control panel, an electro-sensitive sound wave absorption control fluid composition (hereinafter referred to as "Electric Noise-Contr") is used.
ol fluid composition is abbreviated as “ENC fluid composition”). When no voltage is applied between the pair of electrode plates of this sound wave absorption control panel, the EN
Solid particles (hereinafter referred to as "EA particles") having an electric field arrangement effect (hereinafter referred to as "EA effect") in a C fluid composition
Is irregularly suspended and dispersed in an electrically insulating medium. When a voltage is applied to the pair of electrode plates by the variable power source,
The EA particles are arranged and linked in a chain to form a chain (particle chain), and the chain is arranged parallel to the electric field direction. When a sound wave (air vibration) is applied to one of the electrode plates in this state, the electrode plate vibrates in the direction in which the two electrode plates face each other, but since the chain itself has elastic properties, When the chain is pulled, the particles facing each other attract each other to generate an attractive force, and when it is compressed, it bends to generate a repulsive force, which causes viscous resistance due to the motion of the chain in the electrically insulating medium. , This causes the loss (dissipation) of the energy of sound waves.

That is, the ENC fluid composition containing the chain resonates with the electrode plate due to the sound wave incident on the electrode plate. The sound wave frequency that gives vibration to such a chain is a characteristic frequency of the chain (it is estimated to be a so-called natural frequency, which is a balance between elasticity of the chain and inertia of the substrate).
When a sound wave having a frequency matching the characteristic frequency is incident on the substrate, the chain resonates to absorb the sound wave, and sound waves of other frequencies are reflected.

Since the attractive force (stress generated in the chain) acting between the particles increases as the voltage applied to the pair of electrode plates increases, the elastic modulus and viscosity of the chain itself are applied. The present invention takes advantage of this as the voltage increases as the voltage increases. In other words, by adjusting the applied voltage so that the characteristic frequency of the chain itself matches the frequency of the component of the incident sound wave (air vibration) that you want to remove, the chain resonates and absorbs sound. The energy of the component to be (removed) can be consumed and the other components can be reflected.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of measuring the influence of the electric field strength on the electric field arrangement characteristics (hereinafter referred to as "EA characteristics") for the EA particle 30 wt% dispersion system. It is clear from this graph that the stress acting on the chain increases as the applied voltage increases. The EA characteristic is due to the fact that the dielectrically polarized particles are arranged in the direction of the electric field by an electric attraction and form a chain structure. At low breaking speeds, the electric attraction is dominant, so that the chain structure is gradually broken and reformed repeatedly. The yield stress is the force that is generated when a chain arranged in the direction of the electric field undergoes shear failure in the direction perpendicular to it. Considering that the particles of all the chains formed have the same diameter and are arranged in a straight line to connect the electrode plates,
Since the number of chains is proportional to the particle concentration, the yield stress will also be proportional to the particle concentration. FIG. 9 shows an equivalent circuit of the vibration system according to the present invention. A coil spring 32 having an elastic modulus K and a dashpot 33 having a viscosity C are connected in parallel between a pair of electrode plates.

In the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention, when the electrode plate of the sound wave absorption control panel is composed of the transparent substrate and the transparent conductive layer formed on the inner surface thereof, the angle varying louver of the variable sound absorbing wall is applied by applying a voltage. It is possible to control the amount of transmitted light. That is, when no voltage is applied to the pair of transparent conductive layers of the sound wave absorption control panel, E
As described above, the EA particles in the NC fluid composition are randomly dispersed and randomly dispersed in the electrically insulating medium, and these EA particles diffusely reflect light, so that the sound wave absorption control panel becomes opaque. appear. Then, when a voltage is applied to the pair of transparent conductive layers by the variable power source, the EA is generated as described above.
Particles are arrayed and linked in a chain to form a chain (particle chain),
The chains are arranged parallel to the electric field direction. Then, light is allowed to pass through the gaps between the chain-shaped bodies arranged in parallel, so that the angle-variable louver composed of the sound wave absorption control panel looks transparent.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 4 shows a specific example of the electro-sensitive acoustic wave absorption controlling fluid composition (ENC fluid composition) according to the present invention. This ENC fluid composition has EA particles (electric field arrangement particles) which are solid particles in the electrically insulating medium 1.
2 is evenly dispersed. The EA particles 2 are
An inorganic-organic composite particle is formed by a core body 3 made of an organic polymer compound and a surface layer 5 made of particles 4 which are electric field aligning inorganic substances (hereinafter referred to as “EA inorganic substance”). In this specific example, the electrically insulating medium 1 is colorless and transparent silicone oil, the organic polymer compound forming the core body 3 of the inorganic / organic composite particles is polyacrylic ester, and the EA inorganic substance forming the surface layer 5 is used. The particles 4 are white titanium hydroxide that is an inorganic ion exchanger and an electric semiconductor inorganic substance. The color of the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) is, for example, white. The ratio of the EA particles 2 contained in the electrically insulating medium 1 is, for example, 7.5.
% By weight.

As shown in FIG. 5, this ENC fluid composition is interposed between a pair of electrode plates 7 and 8 which are spaced apart and arranged in parallel. As shown in FIG. 6, the pair of electrode plates 7,
When a voltage is applied from the variable power source 9 to the switch 8 via the switch 10, the EA particles 2 are arranged in a chain in a direction perpendicular to the planes of the electrode plates 7 and 8 due to the EA effect, and a chain-shaped body (particle chain) 6 To form. At this time, the chain-like bodies 6 are separated from each other and oriented in parallel.

Next, the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention using the above ENC fluid composition will be described. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention, (A) is a perspective view showing the appearance of the variable sound absorbing wall, and (B) is a variable sound absorbing wall II shown in (A). It is sectional drawing which followed the line. The variable sound absorbing wall 30 of this embodiment has a rectangular frame 21 to which a large number (six in the drawing) of variable angle louvers 20 made of strip-shaped sound wave absorption control panels are attached, and transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 described later. A variable power source 13 for applying a voltage therebetween is disposed on the wall surface 22 of the structure. The attachment structure of the variable angle louver 20 to the rectangular frame 21 is arranged in the rectangular frame 21 so that the variable angle louver 20 extends in the horizontal direction, and a large number of such variable angle louvers 20 are arranged in the rectangular frame 21. It has a Venetian blind structure arranged side by side in the vertical direction. Each angle-variable louver 20 is configured to rotate by itself with its horizontal axis as a rotation axis to change the angle.

The sound wave absorption control panel (variable angle louver) 20 includes a pair of transparent substrates 27, 2 as shown in FIG.
8 are opposed to each other with a gap (composition storage space) therebetween, and transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 are formed on the entire inner surfaces of the pair of transparent substrates 27 and 28, respectively. Then, between these transparent conductive layers 17 and 18, the EA of the present invention described above is provided.
An ENC fluid composition containing EA particles 2 having an effect in an electrically insulating medium 1 is encapsulated. Further, the periphery of the pair of transparent substrates 27, 28 and the transparent conductive layer 17,
A frame-shaped seal member 15 is fixed to the peripheral edge of 18, so that the ENC fluid composition storage space is sealed.
Reference numeral 13 is a variable power source that applies a voltage between the pair of transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 and that makes the applied voltage variable. A switch 14 is connected in series to the variable power source 13. By turning on the switch 14, a voltage can be applied between the pair of transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 of the sound wave absorption control panel 20, and the applied voltage can be increased or decreased by the switch 14. .

Of the pair of transparent substrates 27, 28, at least one transparent substrate 27 is made of a material that is flexible against sound waves. For example, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film, a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) film,
Various plastic films such as nylon film, polyethylene film, polypropylene film and acrylic film are preferably used. A surface formed of a member that is flexible against such a sound wave serves as a sound wave absorption control surface.
The other transparent substrate 28 may be any one as long as it has strength to withstand installation and transportation as a variable angle louver, and wind and rain,
It is preferably composed of a transparent resin substrate such as various glass substrates and acrylic substrates. The transparent substrates 27, 2
8 does not need to be entirely transparent, and may have a structure in which only a portion through which light needs to pass is transparent in some cases. Therefore, only the peripheral portion may be formed of an opaque metal frame, a resin frame, or the like, and a transparent glass substrate or a transparent substrate may be fitted inside the frame.

Further, the sound wave absorption control panel 20 of the present embodiment.
In, in, for example, the PET film 27, which is a transparent substrate serving as a sound wave absorption control surface, has its peripheral edge fixed,
The pair of transparent substrates 27, 28 is configured so that it can vibrate in the opposing direction (vertical direction indicated by arrow X). Thereby, when the sound wave (air vibration) 11 is incident on the PET film 27, the PET film 27 can vibrate in the X direction together with the transparent conductive layer 17 formed on the inner surface thereof.

Hereinafter, E used in the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention
The NC fluid composition will be described. EN in the present invention
As the electrically insulating medium 1 used in the C fluid composition,
For example, diphenyl chloride, butyl sebacate, aromatic polycarboxylic acid higher alcohol ester, halophenyl alkyl ether, trans oil, chlorinated paraffin, fluorine oil, silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil, etc. Any fluid or a mixture thereof can be used as long as it has high breaking strength, is chemically stable, and can stably disperse EA particles. This electrically insulating medium 1 can be colored according to the purpose. For coloring, it is preferable to use a type and amount of an oil-soluble dye or a dispersible dye that is soluble in the selected electrically insulating medium and does not impair its electrical properties. The electrically insulating medium 1 may further contain a dispersant, a surfactant, a viscosity modifier, an antioxidant, a stabilizer and the like.

The kinematic viscosity of this electrically insulating medium 1 is 1 cS.
It is preferably in the range of t to 30,000 cSt. When the kinematic viscosity is less than 1 cSt, the storage stability of the ENC fluid composition is insufficient, and the kinematic viscosity is 30,000 c.
If it is larger than St, it becomes difficult to uniformly disperse the EA particles, and it becomes difficult for the bubbles to be caught during the adjustment, and the bubbles will not come out easily, which is not preferable. From this viewpoint, the kinematic viscosity is preferably in the range of 10 cSt to 1000 cSt, particularly preferably in the range of 10 cSt to 100 cSt. Of course, the kinematic viscosity of the electrically insulating medium 1 changes with temperature, and this temperature effect can be suppressed by the applied voltage.

The EA particles 2 used in the present invention are, if they are inorganic / organic composite particles having the EA effect, an element, an organic compound, an inorganic compound, or a mixture thereof.
Either material can be used. Examples thereof include particles of inorganic ion exchangers, metal oxides, silica gel, inorganic substances having electric semiconductors, carbon black, and particles having these as a surface layer. However, as shown in the above examples, the EA particles 2 are composed of the core body 3 made of an organic polymer compound and the EA inorganic particle 4
It is particularly preferable that the inorganic-organic composite particles are formed by the surface layer 5 consisting of. In this inorganic-organic composite particle, a surface layer 5 composed of particles 4 of EA inorganic material having a relatively high specific gravity is carried on a core body 3 which is an organic polymer compound having a relatively low specific gravity, and the specific gravity of the entire particle is changed to an electric value. It can be adjusted to approximate the insulating medium 1. Therefore, the ENC fluid composition obtained by dispersing this in the electrically insulating medium 1 has excellent storage stability.

Examples of organic polymer compounds that can be used as the core 3 of the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 are poly (meth) acrylic acid ester, (meth) acrylic acid ester-styrene copolymer, Polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, AB
S resin, nylon, polyvinyl butyrate, ionomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate resin,
One or a mixture of two or more such as a polycarbonate resin or a copolymer may be mentioned.

Particles 4 which are the EA inorganic substance forming the surface layer 5
Although various compounds can be used, preferred examples include inorganic ion exchangers, silica gel, and electrically semiconducting inorganic substances. When these particles 4 are used to form the surface layer 5 on the core 3 made of an organic polymer compound, the obtained inorganic / organic composite particles become useful EA particles 2.

Examples of the above inorganic ion exchanger include (1)
Hydroxide of polyvalent metal, (2) hydrotalcites,
(3) Acid salt of polyvalent metal, (4) Hydroxyapatite, (5) Nasicon type compound, (6) Clay mineral, (7)
Mention may be made of potassium titanates, (8) heteropolyacid salts, and (9) insoluble ferrocyanide.

The respective inorganic ion exchangers will be described in detail below. (1) Hydroxide of polyvalent metal. These compounds are represented by the general formula MO _x (OH) _y (M is a polyvalent metal, x is a number of 0 or more, and y is a positive number), and examples thereof include titanium hydroxide and hydroxide. zirconium,
Examples include bismuth hydroxide, tin hydroxide, lead hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, tantalum hydroxide, niobium hydroxide, molybdenum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, manganese hydroxide, and iron hydroxide. Here, for example, titanium hydroxide refers to hydrous titanium oxide (also known as metatitanic acid or β-titanic acid, Ti
It contains both O (OH) ₂ ) and titanium hydroxide (also known as orthotitanic acid or α-titanic acid, Ti (OH) ₄ ), and the same applies to other compounds.

(2) Hydrotalcites. These compounds have the general formula M ₁₃ Al ₆ (OH) ₄₃ (C
O) ₃ · 12H ₂ O (M is a divalent metal),
For example, the divalent metal M is Mg, Ca or Ni. (3) Acid salt of polyvalent metal. These are, for example, titanium phosphate, zirconium phosphate, tin phosphate, cerium phosphate, chromium phosphate, zirconium arsenate, titanium arsenate, tin arsenate, cerium arsenate, titanium antimonate, tin antimonate, tantalum antimonate. , Niobium antimonate, zirconium tungstate, titanium vanadate, zirconium molybdate, titanium selenate, and tin molybdate.

(4) Hydroxyapatite. These are, for example, calcium apatite, lead apatite,
Examples include strontium apatite and cadmium apatite. (5) Nasicon type compound. These include, for example, (H ₃ O) Zr ₂ (PO ₄ ) ₃ but in the present invention, a Nasicon type compound in which H ₃ O is replaced with Na can also be used. (6) Clay mineral. These are, for example, montmorillonite, sepiolite, bentonite and the like, with sepiolite being particularly preferred.

(7) Potassium titanates. These general formula _{aK 2 O · bTiO 2 · nH} 2 O (a 0
<A is a positive number that satisfies a ≦ 1, b is a positive number that satisfies 1 ≦ b ≦ 6, and n is a positive number), for example, K ₂ ·
TiO ₂ · 2H ₂ O, K ₂ O · 2TiO ₂ · 2H ₂ O, 0.
5K ₂ O ・ TiO ₂・ 2H ₂ O, and K ₂ O ・ 2.5TiO
₂ · 2H ₂ O, and the like. In addition, among the above compounds, a compound in which a or b is not an integer is easily synthesized by subjecting a compound in which a or b is an appropriate integer to an acid treatment and replacing K with H.

(8) Heteropolyacid salt. These are represented by the general formula H ₃ AE ₁₂ O ₄₀ .nH ₂ O (A is phosphorus, arsenic, germanium, or silicon, E is molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium, and n is a positive number), For example, ammonium molybdophosphate and ammonium tungstophosphate. (9) Insoluble ferrocyanide. These are compounds represented by the following general formula. M _b-pxa
A [E (CN) ₆ ] (M is an alkali metal or hydrogen ion, A is a heavy metal ion such as zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, cadmium, iron (III) or titanium, E is iron (II), iron (III), cobalt (II) or the like, b is 4 or 3, a is a valence of A, and p is a positive number of 0 to b / a.) These include, for example, Cs. Insoluble ferrocyanine compounds such as ₂ Zn [Fe (CN) ₆ ] and K ₂ Co [Fe (CN) ₆ ] are included.

The inorganic ion exchangers (1) to (6) each have an OH group, and some or all of the ions present at the ion exchange sites of these inorganic ion exchangers are different ions. Those substituted with (hereinafter, referred to as a substitutional inorganic ion exchanger) are also included in the inorganic ion exchanger of the present invention. That, R-M ¹ inorganic ion exchanger described above (M ¹ represents an ion species of the ion exchange sites) is expressed as a part or all of M ¹ in the R-M ^1, the ion exchange reaction below A substituted inorganic ion exchanger in which an ionic species M ² different from M ¹ is substituted by
It is an inorganic ion exchanger in the present invention. xR−M ¹ + yM ² → Rx− (M ² ) y + xM ¹ (where x and y represent the valences of the ion species M ² and M ¹ , respectively). M ¹ varies depending on the type of the inorganic ion exchanger having an OH group, but when the inorganic ion exchanger exhibits a cation exchange property, M ¹ is generally H ⁺ , and in this case, M ² is an alkali metal or an alkali. Any metal ion other than H ⁺ , such as earth metals, polyvalent typical metals, transition metals or rare earth metals. When the inorganic ion exchanger having an OH group exhibits anion exchange property, M ¹ is generally OH ^−.
Where M ² is, for example, I, Cl, SCN, N
Any of anions other than OH ⁻ such as O ₂ , Br, F, CH ₃ COO, SO ₄ or CrO ₄ and complex ions.

Further, regarding the inorganic ion exchanger which has once lost the OH group due to the high temperature heat treatment but becomes to have the OH group again by an operation such as immersion in water, the inorganic ion exchanger after the high temperature heat treatment is used. Exchangers and the like are also a kind of inorganic ion exchangers that can be used in the present invention, and specific examples thereof include a Nasicon type compound such as (H ₃ O) Zr ₂
(PO ₄₎ HZr ₂ obtained by heating ₃ (PO _{4) 3} and high-temperature heat treatment of hydrotalcite (500 to 70
Heat treated at 0 ° C.) and the like. These inorganic ion exchangers can be used not only in one kind but also in many kinds simultaneously as a surface layer. It is particularly preferable to use a hydroxide of a polyvalent metal and an acid salt of a polyvalent metal as the above-mentioned inorganic ion exchanger.

An example of an electrically semiconductive inorganic material that can be used as the surface layer 5 of the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 is a metal having an electric conductivity of 10 ³ to 10 ^-11 Ω ^-1 / cm at room temperature. Oxides, metal hydroxides, metal oxide hydroxides, inorganic ion exchangers, or metal-doped at least one of these, or at least any one of these regardless of the presence or absence of metal doping For example, those applied as an electric semiconductor layer on another support.

Examples of preferable electrically semiconductive inorganic substances are shown below. (A) Metal oxide: For example, SnO ₂ or amorphous titanium dioxide (manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.). (B) Metal hydroxide: For example, titanium hydroxide or niobium hydroxide. Here, titanium hydroxide means hydrous titanium oxide (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.), metatitanic acid (also known as β-titanic acid,
TiO (OH) ₂ ) and orthotitanic acid (also known as α-titanic acid, Ti (OH) ₄ ) are included. (C) Metal oxide hydroxide: For example, FeO
(OH) (goethite) and the like can be mentioned. (D) Hydroxide of polyvalent metal: equivalent to inorganic ion exchanger (1). (E) Hydrotalcites: Inorganic ion exchanger (2)
Equivalent to (F) Acid salt of polyvalent metal: equivalent to the inorganic ion exchanger (3). (G) Hydroxyapatite: Inorganic ion exchanger (4)
Equivalent to (H) Nashicon type compound: equivalent to the inorganic ion exchanger (5). (I) Clay mineral: equivalent to the inorganic ion exchanger (6). (J) Potassium titanate: equivalent to the inorganic ion exchanger (7). (K) Heteropolyacid salt: equivalent to the inorganic ion exchanger (8). (L) Insoluble ferrocyanide: equivalent to inorganic ion exchanger (9). (M) Metal-doped EA inorganic substance: This is obtained by doping the EA inorganic substance with a metal such as antimony (Sb) in order to increase the electric conductivity of the above-mentioned electric semiconductor inorganic substances (A) to (L). For example, antimony (S
b) Doping tin oxide (SnO ₂ ) and the like can be mentioned. (N) EA inorganic material applied as an electric semiconductor layer on another support: for example, titanium oxide, silica as a support,
Examples thereof include inorganic particles such as alumina and silica-alumina, or organic polymer particles such as polyethylene and polypropylene, to which antimony (Sb) -doped tin oxide (SnO ₂ ) is applied as an electric semiconductor layer. . The particles in which the EA inorganic substance is applied to the other support as described above can be regarded as the EA inorganic substance as a whole. These EA minerals are not only one type, but two
It is also possible to use more than one kind as the surface layer 5 at the same time.

The EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 can be manufactured by various methods. For example, there is a method in which a particulate core body 3 made of an organic polymer compound and fine particulate particles 4 are transported by a jet stream and collided with each other to produce them. In this case, the fine particles of the particles 4 collide with the surface of the particulate core 3 at a high speed and are fixed to form the surface layer 5. Another example of the manufacturing method is a method in which the particulate core body 3 is suspended in a gas, and a solution of the particles 4 is atomized and sprayed on the surface. In this case, the surface layer 5 is formed by adhering the solution onto the surface of the core 3 and drying it.

A particularly preferred method for producing the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 is to form the surface layer 5 at the same time as the core body 3. In this method, for example, when emulsion-polymerizing, suspension-polymerizing, or dispersion-polymerizing a monomer of an organic polymer compound forming the core body 3 in a polymerization medium, particles 4 which are EA inorganic particles in the form of fine particles, Alternatively, it is present in the polymerization medium. Water is preferred as the polymerization medium, but a mixture of water and a water-soluble organic solvent can also be used, and an organic poor solvent can also be used. According to this method, the monomers are polymerized in the polymerization medium to form the core particles 3, and at the same time, the fine particle EA inorganic particles 4 are layered on the surface of the core 3 to cover the core particles 3. The surface layer 5 is formed.

When the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 are produced by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization, the particles of the EA inorganic substance are combined by combining the hydrophobic property of the monomer and the hydrophilic property of the EA inorganic substance. Most of the particles 4 can be attached to the surface of the core 3. According to the method of simultaneously forming the core body 3 and the surface layer 5, the EA inorganic particles 4 are densely and firmly adhered to the surface of the core body 3 made of an organic polymer compound, and the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite) Particles 2) are formed.

The shape of the EA particles 2 used in the present invention does not necessarily have to be spherical, but when the particulate core 3 is produced by the controlled emulsion / suspension polymerization method, the EA obtained is obtained. The shape of the particles 2 is almost spherical. In addition, since the spherical shape allows light to be scattered in all directions when adjusting the amount of transmitted light, the spherical shape is more advantageous than the irregular shape. The particle size of the EA particles 2 is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 μm to 500 μm,
It is particularly preferable that the thickness is in the range of 5 μm to 200 μm. At this time, the particle size of the particles 4 which are fine particle EA inorganic substances is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0
05 μm to 100 μm, more preferably 0.01
It is within the range of μm to 10 μm.

In the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2, the particles 4 and the core 3 which are the EA inorganic material forming the surface layer 5 are formed.
The weight ratio of the organic polymer compound forming the is not particularly limited, but in order to obtain an ENC fluid composition having high storage stability, the EA inorganic particles 4 and the organic polymer compound core 3 are used. 1% by weight of particles 4 to 6% of the total weight
It is preferably in the range of 0% by weight, particularly preferably in the range of 4% by weight to 30% by weight. If the proportion of the core body 3 is less than 1% by weight, the EA characteristics of the obtained EA particles 2 will be insufficient, and if it exceeds 60% by weight, the specific gravity of the EA particles 2 will be excessive and the storage stability will be impaired. There is

The specific gravity of these EA particles 2 is relatively large as compared with the specific gravity of the EA inorganic particles 4 forming the surface layer 5 because the organic polymer compound having a relatively small specific gravity is used for the core 3. Can be made smaller. Depending on the type and ratio of the organic polymer compound and the EA inorganic substance used, EA
The specific gravity of the particles 2 can be freely adjusted, but in general, the specific gravity is 1.0 to 2.0 in view of the relationship with the electrically insulating medium 1 used.
Adjusted to the extent. In this case, if the difference in specific gravity from the electrically insulating medium 1 is large, the EA particles 2 may settle by gravity in the medium and uniform dispersion may not be possible.

The surface layer 5 or core body 3 of the EA particles 2 may contain a dye. The dye that can be used for the surface layer 5 is a pigment. When the surface layer 5 composed of the EA inorganic particles 4 is formed on the core body 3 by the above method, the pigment is preferably mixed with the particles 4 and used to be contained in the surface layer 5. When the core 3 contains a dye,
Any of the dyes or pigments generally known for synthetic resins can be used. This dye can be contained in the core 3 by mixing the monomer in advance with the monomer forming the core 3 and then polymerizing the monomer, or by kneading it into a synthetic resin forming the core 3. By using the EA particles 2 containing a pigment in the surface layer 5 or the core body 3, or both, the scattered light of the obtained ENC fluid composition under no electric field can be colored in any color. .

The ENC fluid composition of the present invention can be produced by uniformly stirring and mixing the above-mentioned EA particles 2 in the electrically insulating medium 1 together with a dispersant and other components if necessary. As the stirrer, any stirrer normally used for dispersing solid particles in a liquid dispersion medium can be used. The content of the EA particles 2 in the electrically insulating medium 1 used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 15% by weight. If the particle concentration is less than 0.5% by weight, a sufficient EA effect cannot be obtained, and if it is 15% by weight or more, the particle concentration is too high and a large amount of E is produced.
Since the A particles 2 will be dispersed throughout the ENC fluid composition, even if a voltage is applied and the orientation of the EA particles 2 is controlled as described later, the transparency may not be obtained. However, when transparency is not required depending on the application, the content of the EA particles 2 in the electrically insulating medium 1 may be 0.5 to 75% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight. . If this content is 75% by weight or more, the initial viscosity of the ENC fluid composition when no voltage is applied becomes excessively large, which makes it difficult to use.

The EA particles 2 produced by the above various methods, particularly the method of simultaneously forming the core 3 and the surface layer 5,
The whole or part of the surface layer 5 may be covered with a thin film of an organic polymer substance, a dispersant used in the manufacturing process, an emulsifier or other additive substances, and the EA effect as EA particles may not be sufficiently exhibited. . This thin film of inert material can be easily removed by polishing the surface of the particles. Therefore, when the core body 3 and the surface layer 5 are simultaneously formed, it is preferable to polish the surfaces thereof.

The surface of the particles can be polished by various methods. For example, EA, which is an inorganic / organic composite particle
The method can be performed by dispersing the particles 2 in a dispersion medium such as water and stirring this. At this time, a method of mixing an abrasive such as sand particles or balls into the dispersion medium and stirring with the EA particles 2, a method of stirring with a grinding wheel, or the like can be used. For example, it is also possible to dry-stir without using a dispersion medium, using the EA particles 2 and the above-mentioned abrasive or grinding stone.

A more preferable polishing method is a method in which the EA particles 2 are agitated by a jet stream or the like. This is a method of polishing particles by violently colliding with each other in a gas phase, and is a preferable method in that the polished particles can be easily separated by classification without the need for another abrasive. In the above jet stream agitation, it is necessary to select polishing conditions depending on the type of equipment used, the agitation speed, the material of the EA particles 2, etc., but generally 60
It is preferable to perform jet stream stirring at a stirring speed of 00 rpm for about 0.5 min to 15 min.

Next, the operation of the variable sound absorbing wall shown in FIG. 1 will be described. For example, the variable sound absorbing wall 30 can be used as a wall surface of a room requiring acoustic control such as a listening room, a recording studio, or a multipurpose hall. Further, the variable angle louver 20 of the variable sound absorbing wall 30 has a transparent substrate (PET) which is a sound wave absorption control surface when the louver 20 is closed.
Rectangular frame 2 so that the film 27 is on the indoor side
It is attached to 1.

When these chambers are not used, for example, the angle-variable louver 20 is completely opened, and no voltage is applied between the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 at this time, the EA particles 2 of the ENC fluid composition are used. Is an electrically insulating medium 1
They are randomly scattered and dispersed inside (see Fig. 5). When the variable angle louvers 20 are completely closed when using a room, for example, a large number of variable angle louvers 20 are arranged side by side adjacent to each other. When a voltage is applied to the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 in this state, the EA particles 2 in the ENC fluid composition are arranged and linked in a chain to form a chain (particle chain) 6, and the chain 6 is They are arranged parallel to the electric field direction (see FIG. 6).

When the sound wave (air vibration) 11 is incident on the transparent substrate (PET film) 27, which is the sound wave absorption control surface, with the voltage applied as described above, FIG.
The states of (b), (c), and (d) occur sequentially, and the transparent substrate 27 vibrates in the opposite direction as shown by an arrow X (see FIGS. 2 and 3) together with the transparent conductive layer 17 on its inner surface. However, since the chain 6 itself has elasticity, as shown in FIG. 7B, when the chain 6 is compressed, it bends into, for example, a dogleg shape. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7D, when the chain-like body 6 is pulled, the EA particles 2 facing each other attract each other to generate an attractive force. As a result, due to the movement of the chain-like body 6 in the ENC fluid composition, viscous resistance is generated and energy loss (dissipation) of the sound wave 11 occurs.

As the transparent substrate 27 vibrates, the chain 6 is repeatedly pulled and compressed, and as a result, the chain 6 itself vibrates. That is, when the sound wave 11 incident on the transparent substrate 27 receives the chain-shaped body 6,
The ENC fluid composition containing the above and the laminated body including the transparent substrate 27 and the transparent conductive layer 17 resonate. The sound wave frequency that gives vibration to the chain 6 is determined by the characteristic frequency of the chain 6, and when a sound wave 11 having a frequency matching the characteristic frequency enters the transparent substrate 27, the chain 6 Resonates (see arrows A and B in FIG. 3) to absorb the sound wave, and the sound wave 12 of another frequency is reflected.

Here, the force acting between the EA particles 2 (stress generated in the chain-like body 6) increases as the voltage applied to the pair of transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 increases. 6
The elastic modulus and the viscosity of itself increase with the increase of the applied voltage. The present invention utilizes this fact to remove a desired component of a sound wave. That is, by adjusting the applied voltage, the characteristic frequency of the particle chain 6 itself is adjusted to the transparent substrate 27.
By matching the frequency of the component (sound wave having a specific wavelength) to be removed among the sound waves (air vibration) incident on
, The chain body 6 is resonated by the action of the inertial force as shown by the left and right arrows A and B, and the energy of the component of the incident sound wave 11 to be removed is consumed, and the other sound wave component (reference numeral 12). Is shown) is reflected. In this way, the applied voltage can absorb the component of the desired specific wavelength of the incident sound wave.

The characteristic frequency of the variable sound absorbing wall 30 of the present invention is
It changes depending on the size of the EA particles (solid particles) 2, the elastic force acting between the EA particles 2, the natural frequency of the transparent substrate 27, the distance between the transparent substrates 27 and 28, and the like. In the present invention, since the spherical EA particles 2 having a substantially uniform particle size are dispersed in the electrically insulating medium 1 (without using irregular particles), the above-mentioned repulsive force and attractive force are maintained under a constant voltage. Does not change, and the elastic force acting between the EA particles 2 and the transparent substrate 27
The balance of inertial force of is not likely to change. In the above-mentioned embodiment, the chain 6 is supposed to be bent like a dogleg, but in addition to this, for example, an S-shape as shown in FIG. It is considered that there is a case in which it is bent into a W shape as shown in b).

In the above embodiment, the phenomenon in which the EA particles (inorganic / organic composite particles) 2 form one row of chain-like bodies 6 and are arranged in parallel by the application of an electric field has been described. When the number of slabs exceeds several% by weight, 1
Instead of the chained bodies 6 in a row, the chained bodies 6 are joined to each other in a plurality of rows to form and arrange the columns 19 as shown in FIG. In this column 19, the left and right chain-shaped EA particles 2 are staggered by one and adjoin each other. With respect to this, the inventors of the present invention, as shown in (b) of FIG. 11, have the EA particles 2 that are dielectrically polarized in the + and − pole portions.
It is presumed that this is because it is more stable in terms of energy when the positive pole portion and the negative pole portion are alternately arranged adjacent to each other.

Further, the variable sound absorbing wall 30 of the present embodiment can perform sound wave absorption control by the applied voltage as described above, and the angle variable louver 20 is rotated with its horizontal axis as the rotation axis to change the angle. It is also possible to adjust the acoustic characteristics of the sound field. For example, when the variable angle louver 20 is completely closed, a large number of sound wave absorption control panels 20 are arranged side by side, but the individual sound wave absorption control panels 20 are rotated to direct the sound wave absorption control surface. By changing, the shape of the sound wave absorption control surface and the total expanded area change, so the sound absorption coefficient changes and the acoustic characteristics of the sound field change. Therefore, in the variable sound absorbing wall 30 of the present invention, it is possible to selectively absorb the component of the sound wave that is desired to be absorbed and also adjust the absorption rate thereof, so that various sound wave absorption control is possible and various sound waves can be absorbed. Appropriate acoustic characteristics can be obtained depending on the situation. In addition, the variable sound absorbing wall 30 of the present embodiment can also adjust the amount of daylight, the amount of ventilation, and the amount of ventilation by rotating each sound wave absorption control panel 20 to change the opening area of the louver.

Further, in the variable sound absorbing wall 30 shown in FIG. 1, since the sound wave absorption control panel 20 is constituted by using the transparent substrate and the transparent conductive layer, at the same time as the sound wave absorption control, the angle variable louver (sound wave absorption control). The amount of transmitted light in the panel 20) can be controlled. That is,
When no voltage is applied between the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18, as described above, the EA particles 2 of the ENC fluid composition are used.
Are irregularly floating / dispersed in the electrically insulating medium 1 (see FIG. 5). When light is incident on the sound wave absorption control panel 20 in this state, the light is scattered in various directions due to the presence of the EA particles, so that the sound wave absorption control panel 20 looks like an opaque frosted glass. For example, EA
When titanium oxide particles are used as the inorganic particles 4, the color tone becomes cloudy. In addition, the surface layer 5 of the EA particles 2
When a pigment is contained in either or both of the core body 3 and the core body 3, the sound wave absorption control panel 20 appears to be colored by the pigment. Here, if the EA particles 2 have a spherical shape, light is scattered in all directions, so there is little possibility that the light will be converged in a specific direction.

Next, when a voltage is applied to the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18, the EA particles 2 in the ENC fluid composition are arranged and linked in a chain to form a chain (particle chain) 6 as described above. ,
The chain-like bodies 6 are arranged parallel to the electric field direction (see FIG. 6). That is, the EA dispersed in the electrically insulating medium 1
As described above, the ratio of the particles 2 is about 10% by weight or less and is small as a whole. Therefore, when these are oriented to form the chain 6, the EA particles 2 are provided between the chains 6.
There will be much wider spacing than the diameter of. As a result, the light incident in the thickness direction of the sound wave absorption control panel 20 passes through the sound wave absorption control panel 20 with almost no attenuation. Therefore, the sound wave absorption control panel 20 becomes transparent.

As described above, in the variable sound absorbing wall 30 having the above-described structure, the sound wave absorption control panel 20 can be switched from the opaque state to the transparent state by turning on / off the voltage application with the switch 14. . Therefore, for example, when the variable sound absorbing wall 30 is used as a wall surface of a room requiring acoustic control such as a listening room, a recording studio, or a multipurpose hall, when the variable angle louver 20 is closed and a voltage is applied, a sound wave is generated. Since the absorption control panel 20 is transparent, the sound wave absorption control can be performed without losing the daylighting function. Further, when the applied voltage is turned off when the sound wave absorption control is not performed, the sound wave absorption control panel 20 becomes a frosted glass shape. Therefore, if the angle variable louver 20 is closed as necessary, it functions as a shade or a blindfold. It will be fulfilled. It is also possible to adjust the ventilation amount and the ventilation amount by turning off the applied voltage and rotating the individual sound wave absorption control panel 20 to change the opening area of the louver.

Sound absorption control panel 20 in the present invention
Regarding the control of the amount of transmitted light, it can be operated with a voltage of 0.1 to 5.0 kV / mm and an extremely small current of several mA / m ² . Further, since the EA particles 2 can be arranged at the same time when a voltage is applied to the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 of the sound wave absorption control panel 20, sufficient responsiveness can be obtained.
Further, in the present invention, if the amount of transmitted light is controlled by the ENC fluid composition, the amount of transmitted light can be uniformly controlled in the entire wavelength range without absorbing light of a specific frequency, so that heat generated due to light absorption, etc. There is no fear of energy consumption.

Furthermore, once the voltage is applied and the EA particles 2 ... Orient, the EA particles 2 ... Can maintain the state for a while even if the voltage is turned off. In addition, the maintenance time of the alignment state of the EA particles 2 in the state where no voltage is applied may be appropriately adjusted according to the type of the EA particles 2 and the kinematic viscosity of the electrically insulating medium 1 in which the EA particles 2 are dispersed. it can. That is, if the kinematic viscosity of the electrically insulating medium 1 is lowered, the maintenance time can be shortened, and if the kinematic viscosity is increased, the maintenance time can be lengthened.

By the way, the particle size of the EA particles 2 is set in the range of 0.1 μm to 500 μm, preferably 5 μm to 200 μm as described above, because the EA particles 2 used in the present invention are light scattering type. This is due to the fact that it has a function as particles or light-reflecting particles. As is well known, the wavelength of visible light is 380 to 780 nm, that is,
Since it is 0.38 to 0.78 μm, in order to control the transmitted light by scattering or reflecting light having a wavelength of this level, the particle size of the EA particles 2 is at least 0.1 μm or more,
It is necessary that the thickness is preferably 5 μm or more. On the other hand, a particle size smaller than the wavelength of visible light that causes Brownian motion, for example, 5 nm to several tens of nm (= 0.0
When dielectric ultrafine particles of about 0.5 to 0.02 μm are dispersed in an electrically insulating medium, it may be possible to orient the ultrafine particles by an electric field. In that case, the light transmission mechanism is the same as that of the above-mentioned book. Completely different from the examples of the invention, the ultrafine particles are dispersed to completely transmit light when no electric field is applied, and the ultrafine particles are oriented to scatter and attenuate light when an electric field is applied,
It is not preferable because it behaves completely differently.

Next, ultrafine particles of TiBaO ₄ can be considered as the ultrafine particles having dielectric properties as described above. However, TiBaO ₄ is a substance having a specific gravity in the range of 4 to 6 and is heavy, Even if the TiBaO ₄ particles are made to have a large particle size for the purpose of making them light-reflecting, they will settle in gravity due to the difference in specific gravity from the medium in the electrically insulating medium, so that they cannot be dispersed uniformly. Also, the T
In order to uniformly disperse the iBaO ₄ particles in the electrically insulating medium, an electrically insulating medium having a large specific gravity is required, but an electrically insulating medium having a specific gravity of about 4 to 6 does not exist. On the other hand, in the EA particles 2 of the present invention, the core 3 is made of the organic polymer compound and the surface layer 5 is made of the EA inorganic particles 4 as described above, so that the specific gravity thereof is 1.2.
It can be easily adjusted back and forth, and various types of generally known electrically insulating media 1 can be used.

Next, from the viewpoint of colorability, it is difficult to color the ultrafine particles, and even if they can be colored, the particle size is too small, so they were dispersed in an electrically insulating medium. The color of the ultrafine particles cannot be perceptibly developed. Therefore, when using the ultrafine particles,
Only the color of the electrically insulating medium can be developed, and only one coloring pattern can be realized. For example, only changes between red transparent and red opaque are feasible.
On the other hand, according to the present invention, when the electrically insulating medium 1 is red transparent and the EA particles 2 are white, discoloration of opaque opaque to red transparent can be realized, and the electrically insulating medium 1 is colorless and transparent. When the particles 2 are blue, discoloration of blue opaque to colorless and transparent can be realized, and the electrically insulating medium 1 is red and EA.
When the particles 2 are made blue, discoloration of purple opaque to red transparent can be realized, and when the electrically insulating medium 1 is made light blue and EA particles 2 are made yellow, opaque yellow green to light blue can be realized. Further, even when the colored portion is seen, the core body 3 of the EA particle 2
The surface layer 5 and the electrically insulating medium 1 can be colored, and coloring variations can be easily applied. Although the surface of the core body 3 of the EA particles 2 is covered with the EA inorganic particles 4, the color leaks from the gaps between the particles 4, so that the color of the core body 3 when colored is also the ENC fluid composition. Effectively reflected in the color of.

In order to color the surface layer 5 of the EA particles 2, the required number of colored inorganic pigments are mixed in the particles 4 of the EA inorganic material used for producing the EA particles 2 and the mixture is uniformly mixed. The EA particles 2 may be manufactured by using this using the method described above. In the EA particles 2 produced in this manner, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, a part of the EA inorganic particles 4 attached to the periphery of the core 3 is a colored inorganic pigment 44.
To have a structure substituted with. by this,
The EA particles 2 can be colored.

Further, as described above, when the content of the EA particles 2 is large, a large number of columns 19 are provided in the transparent conductive layer 17,
18 (see FIG. 11), a mechanism for increasing the amount of transmitted light acts by the generation of the column 19. In this case, a large amount of EA particles 2 are contained in a plurality of columns 1
Since the columns are grouped into 9, the intervals between the adjacent columns 19 are widened, and the function of increasing the amount of transmitted light becomes remarkable.

Examples will be shown below to clarify the effects of the present invention. (Example) A transparent conductive layer 18 made of an ITO (indium tin oxide) film was coated on one surface of a glass substrate 28 to manufacture an ITO glass having a thickness of 1.0 mm. On the other hand, the PET film 27 and the transparent conductive layer 17 made of an ITO film were laminated. The transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 were made to face each other in parallel at an interval of 2 mm, and the peripheral edges were sealed with a resin sealing member 15. An injection hole was formed in a part of the seal member 15 in advance, a liquid ENC fluid composition was injected from the injection hole, and then the injection hole was closed to produce a sound wave absorption control panel 20. Using the sound wave absorption control panel 20 obtained above as an angle variable louver,
The variable angle louver 20 is attached to the rectangular frame 21 so that the transparent substrate (PET film) 27, which is a sound wave absorption control surface, is on the indoor side when the louver 20 is closed. Attached to Figure 1.
A variable sound absorbing wall 30 similar to the above was constructed.

Here, the manufacturing process of the ENC fluid composition used will be described below. First, a mixture of titanium hydroxide (general name; hydrous titanium oxide, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd., C-II), butyl acrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, and a polymerization initiator is dispersed and stabilized with tricalcium phosphate. Dispersed in water containing as an agent, 60 ℃
The suspension polymerization was carried out under stirring for 1 hour. The obtained product was filtered, washed with acid, further washed with water, and dried to obtain EA particles 2. The EA particles 2 obtained above were agitated with a jet airflow agitator (Hybridizer manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), and surface-polished to obtain EA particles 2. This product has a specific gravity of 1.157 and an average particle size of 13.
It was 7 μm. Silicone oil of various kinematic viscosities (TSF451 manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.)
Series), the ENC fluid composition having a uniform kinematic viscosity of silicone oil and a variety of particle concentrations and a uniform kinematic viscosity of a silicone oil with a varying kinematic viscosity EN made of silicone oil as an electrically insulating medium 1
A C-fluid composition was obtained.

Experiments were conducted using the above various ENC fluid compositions to examine changes in transmitted light when a voltage was applied.
The results are shown in FIGS. In the experiment, the intensity of light incident on the sound wave absorption control panel 20 and the intensity of light passing through the sound wave absorption control panel 20 were detected by optical sensors, respectively, and the result of comparison was displayed as dBm as increased light. went. In this case, an increase of 3.2 dBm means a 2.09 times increase in optical power, which is 4.2 dB.
An increase in m means a 2.63 times increase in optical power.

FIG. 13 shows the results of measuring the increased light when the EA particle concentration and the electric field strength were used as parameters when the kinematic viscosity of the silicone oil (base oil) was 10 cSt. Similarly, FIG. 14 shows that the kinematic viscosity of silicone oil is 50.
A similar test result in the case of cSt, and FIG. 15 shows a similar test result in the case where the kinematic viscosity of the silicone oil is 100 cSt. From the results shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, increased light was obtained with an applied voltage at an EA particle concentration of 0.5 to 15% by weight. The dBm value of the increased light increases as the electric field strength increases in the range of 0.25 to 1.5 kV / mm. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the amount of transmitted light can be controlled by implementing the present invention. Next, when the EA particle concentration is 1.0% by weight, the proportion of increased light is small even when the electric field strength is set to 3 kV / mm. Therefore, it was found that the EA particle concentration is preferably 2.5% by weight or more.

Next, FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 show the same results as the results of the test in which the increased light was measured with the kinematic viscosity and electric field strength of the silicone oil as parameters when the EA particle concentration was fixed at 5.0% by weight. The test results are shown when the EA particle concentration is 7.5% by weight in the test. From the results shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, increasing light was obtained according to the application of voltage in silicone oils of any kinematic viscosity,
It was found that the dBm value of the increased light increased as the electric field strength increased in the range of 3 kV / mm. Therefore, it can be demonstrated that the amount of transmitted light can be controlled by carrying out the present invention, and the electric field strength is 0.25 to 1.5 kV /
It has been found that the larger the light within the range of mm, the larger the increased light can be obtained.

Next, Tables 1 and 2 show the increased light obtained when a silicone oil (base oil) having a kinematic viscosity of 50 cSt was used and the concentration of the EA particles 2 was 5.0% by weight.
The results of investigation for each wavelength of transmitted light are shown.

[0070]

[Table 1]

[0071]

[Table 2]

From the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, 1.5 kV /
When an electric field of mm is applied, the average is 4.
Increased light of about 2 dBm can be obtained, and 400 to 110
It was confirmed that almost uniform increasing light was obtained in a wide wavelength range of 0 nm. Therefore, according to the present invention, it has been clarified that the transmitted light amount can be similarly controlled in a wide light wavelength range. The wavelength range of visible light is usually 48
Since it is set to 0 to 780 nm, it was confirmed that the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention can control the amount of transmitted light in almost the entire wavelength range of visible light and in the infrared range having a longer wavelength.

FIG. 18 shows changes in the energization time and the amount of transmitted light to the transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 when an ENC fluid composition in which 7% by weight of EA particles 2 are dispersed in silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity of 10 cSt is used. It shows the relationship of the ratio.
The amount of transmitted light was measured by injecting light from a light source above the sound wave absorption control panel 20 filled with the ENC fluid composition, installing a light sensor below the sound wave absorption control panel 20, and receiving the light sensor. This is an analysis of light for each wavelength. As is clear from FIG. 18, it is clear that the amount of transmitted light begins to increase about 1 second after the start of energization and reaches a maximum at 3 to 4 seconds and stabilizes.

FIG. 19 shows the frequency dependence of the amount of transmitted light when the amount of transmitted light was measured using an ENC fluid composition in which 4% by weight of EA particles 2 colored blue was added to silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity of 10 cSt. Indicates. The coloring of the EA particles 2 is due to the fact that the E constituting the surface layer 5 of the EA particles 2 is manufactured.
It was carried out by substituting 20% by weight of the particles A of the inorganic material A with a blue pigment. In this figure, the curve indicated by E = 0 kV indicates the amount of transmitted light when there is no electric field, and the curve indicated by E = 2 kV indicates the amount of transmitted light when a potential of 2 kV is applied to the electrodes. As is clear from a comparison of both curves shown in FIG. 19, the blue ENC fluid composition that transmits a large amount of blue light having a short wavelength when there is no electric field emits a wide light in a wide wavelength range when an electric field is applied. It is changed so that it can be transmitted, and it is recognized that the color changed from blue to colorless and transparent.

FIG. 20 shows an electrically insulating medium 1 of dimethyl silicone oil containing 0.1% by weight of a blue dye.
This is for explaining the frequency dependence of the amount of transmitted light when the amount of transmitted light is measured only for the electrically insulating medium 1 (without the EA particles 2). The electrically insulating medium 1 is a medium that looks light blue to the naked eye. Figure 2
At 0, as is clear by comparing the light source spectrum and the medium spectrum, it is clear that light is absorbed in a portion other than the spectrum showing blue of a short wavelength,
From this fact, it is clear that the electrical insulating medium 1 is blue because the electrical insulating medium 1 transmits a large amount of blue.

FIG. 21 shows that dimethyl silicone oil containing 0.1% by weight of a blue dye was used as the electrically insulating medium 1.
On the other hand, for the purpose of explaining the frequency dependence of the amount of transmitted light when an ENC fluid composition is formed by dispersing 5% by weight of yellow colored EA particles 2 and measuring the amount of transmitted light using this. is there. The means used for coloring the EA particles 2 is the same as in the above example, and this time a yellow pigment was used. FIG. 21 shows a light source spectrum, a transmitted light spectrum when E = 0 kV / mm, and a transmitted light spectrum when E = 1 kV / mm, respectively. From this figure, it can be seen that what was opaque yellow-green, which is a mixed color of blue and yellow when there was no electric field, changed to a blue transparent state that was nearly colorless and transparent when an electric field was applied. From the above, according to the present invention, various colors can be applied to the ENC fluid composition, and the color is changed to a transparent state of a different color, a transparent state of the same color, or a colorless transparent state. It became clear that it could be done.

In the present embodiment, a transparent member such as the PET film 27 is used for one transparent substrate of the sound wave absorption control panel 20, and the other transparent substrate has rigidity such as a glass plate. Although an example in which the louver (sound absorption control panel) 20 is not required to have a large rigidity is shown as an example in which the variable angle louver (sound absorption control panel) 20 is structured, as a transparent substrate on both sides of the sound absorption control panel 20, a PET film 27 or the like is used. It is also possible to use a member that is flexible against sound waves. In this case, since both sides of the variable angle louver 20 serve as sound wave absorption control surfaces, various acoustic characteristics can be realized by rotating the angle of the variable angle louver 20. Alternatively, when the variable sound absorbing wall 30 is used as a room partition, sound wave absorption control can be performed on both sides of the partition. Further, when the ENC fluid composition of the sound wave absorption control panel 20 is colored, a colored wall can be easily obtained, and it can be applied to various uses.

Further, the variable sound absorbing wall 30 of the present invention can be installed not only as a wall surface of a structure or as a partition but also installed at various places to perform sound wave absorption control. In addition, when the light transmission of the sound wave absorption control panel 20 is not required due to the installation place or application, an opaque electrode plate may be used instead of the transparent substrates 27, 28 and the transparent conductive layers 17, 18. it can. However, the electrode plate on the side that serves as the sound wave absorption control surface needs to be flexible with respect to sound waves, and preferably a PET film having a conductive layer formed on the inner surface thereof is used.

Further, by providing a sensor for detecting the frequency of the sound wave generated in the sound field and a controller for controlling the voltage applied to the sound wave absorption control panel 20 based on the detection result of this sensor, for example, It is also possible to configure a variable sound absorbing wall that can automatically control the absorption sound wave band in the variable sound absorbing wall 30 according to the frequency of noise.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing an example in which the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention is used as the wall surface of the soundproof room for housing the machine tool. Reference numeral 50 in FIG. 22 is a variable sound absorbing wall.
The variable sound absorbing wall 50 is different from the variable sound absorbing wall 30 shown in FIG. 1 in that a controller 52 for controlling an applied voltage is provided. In a soundproof room in which the variable sound absorbing wall 50 is used as a wall surface, a sound wave absorption control panel is provided according to the rotation speed of a machine tool spindle (spindle) that can represent noise generated from a machine tool installed in the soundproof room. The voltage applied to the 20 transparent conductive layers 17 and 18 can be controlled. When the machine tool is used in the soundproof room having such a configuration, the variable angle louver 20 is completely closed and the sound wave absorption control panel 20 is transparent.

The noise generated by using the machine tool is
Although it covers a wide frequency band from low-pitched sound (during low-speed machining) to high-pitched sound (during high-speed machining), in the soundproof room where the variable sound absorbing wall 50 of this embodiment is used as the wall surface, the controller 52 controls the spindle rotation speed. Accordingly, a preset voltage is applied to the sound wave absorption control panel 20. Therefore, even if the frequency of noise changes, the frequency at which absorption control is performed in the sound wave absorption control panel 20 also changes accordingly, and an excellent soundproof effect is obtained. Further, when the variable power source 13 is turned off when the soundproof room is not used, if the variable angle louver 20 is opened, lighting, ventilation, and ventilation can be performed.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention. In FIG. 23, reference numeral 60 is a variable sound absorbing wall. This variable sound absorbing wall 60 is different from the variable sound absorbing wall 30 shown in FIG.
1 is provided. In the variable sound absorbing wall 60 of this embodiment, sound wave absorption control can be performed by the applied voltage like the variable sound absorbing wall 30 described above, and
The acoustic characteristics of the sound field can also be adjusted by rotating the angle variable louver 20 with its horizontal axis as the rotation axis and changing the angle.

Further, in the variable sound absorbing wall 60, since the sound wave absorption control panel 20 is composed of the transparent substrate and the transparent conductive layer, either the surface layer 5 of the EA particles 2 or the core body 3 is formed. When both or both of them contain a pigment, the sound wave absorption control panel 20 appears to be colored by the pigment, so that a colored wall is obtained and it can be applied to various uses. Further, in the variable sound absorbing wall of the above embodiment, the mounting structure of the variable angle louver to the rectangular frame is described as a Venetian blind type, but the structure is not necessarily limited to this, and various structures such as a vertical blind type may be used. You can

[0084]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to orient the EA particles by applying a voltage to the ENC fluid composition contained in the sound wave absorption control panel. The sound wave incident on the panel can be absorption-controlled. That is, the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention,
A sound wave absorption control panel in which an ENC fluid composition containing solid particles having an EA effect in an electrically insulating medium is housed in a space between a pair of electrode plates arranged to face each other with a space therebetween. A rectangular frame to which an angle variable louver is attached and a variable power source for applying a voltage between the pair of electrode plates are arranged on the wall surface of the structure.

Therefore, by energizing the pair of electrode plates of the sound wave absorption control panel, the chain of EA particles and the electrode plate resonate with the sound wave incident on the sound wave absorption control panel, and the sound wave is transmitted. Can be absorbed. Furthermore, by adjusting the applied voltage value in order to set the characteristic frequency of the ENC fluid composition in accordance with the frequency of the component of the sound wave to be absorbed, it is possible to obtain various frequencies without changing the ENC fluid composition. Sound waves can be absorbed and sound wave absorption can be easily controlled. Therefore, it is possible to perform unique sound wave absorption control according to the room in which the variable sound absorbing wall is used, and it is possible to perform sound wave absorption control of a desired frequency band in accordance with different noises.

Further, the pair of electrode plates may be composed of a pair of substrates, at least a part of which is opposed to each other, and a transparent conductive layer formed on the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates. In this case, by energizing the electrode plates of the sound wave absorption control panel, the sound wave absorption control can be performed and the sound wave absorption control panel can be changed from the opaque state to the transparent state. The amount of transmitted light can be controlled. Therefore,
A room using the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention as a wall surface can perform sound wave absorption control without losing the daylighting function.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention,
(A) It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of a variable sound-absorbing wall, (B) is sectional drawing which followed the II line of the variable sound-absorbing wall shown in (A).

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a sound wave absorption control panel used in the variable sound absorbing wall of the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the chain and one of the substrates are resonating due to incidence of sound waves in the sound wave absorption control panel of the variable sound absorbing wall of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the fluid composition for electro-sensitive sound wave absorption control according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a mode of a fluid composition for electro-sensitive sound wave absorption control according to the present invention when the power is off.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a mode of a fluid composition for electro-sensitive sound wave absorption control according to the present invention when the power is turned on.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a sound wave is incident on the sound absorbing control panel of the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention and one of the substrates vibrates.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of measuring the effect of electric field strength on electric field arrangement characteristics of an electric field arrangement particle dispersion system.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a vibration system.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the bending state of the chain in the sound absorbing control panel for the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a column in which a plurality of chains are joined to each other in the sound wave absorption control panel of the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of electric field array particles having a colored surface layer according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the light transmittance in the case of using an electrically insulating medium having a kinematic viscosity of 10 cSt in the present invention, using the particle concentration and the electric field strength as parameters.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing light transmittance in the case of using an electrically insulating medium having a kinematic viscosity of 50 cSt in the present invention, using the particle concentration and the electric field strength as parameters.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the light transmittance in the case of using an electrically insulating medium having a kinematic viscosity of 100 cSt in the present invention, using the particle concentration and the electric field strength as parameters.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the light transmittance when inorganic / organic composite particles having a particle concentration of 5.0% by weight are used as parameters of the electric field strength and the kinematic viscosity of an electrically insulating medium in the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the light transmittance of an inorganic / organic composite particle having a particle concentration of 7.5% by weight in the present invention, using the electric field strength and the kinematic viscosity of the electrically insulating medium as parameters.

FIG. 18 shows a case where an electro-sensitive sound absorption control fluid composition in which 7 wt% of inorganic / organic composite particles are dispersed in silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity of 10 cSt is used in the present invention.
It is a figure showing the relation between the energization time to an electrode and the rate of change of the amount of transmitted light.

FIG. 19: In the present invention, the amount of transmitted light was measured using a fluid composition for electro-sensitive sound wave absorption control in which 4% by weight of blue-colored inorganic / organic composite particles was added to silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity of 10 cSt. It is a figure showing the frequency dependence of the amount of transmitted light in the case of.

FIG. 20 is a graph showing the frequency dependence of the amount of transmitted light when the amount of excess light of only the electrically insulating medium is measured using an electrically insulating medium of dimethyl silicone oil containing 0.1% by weight of a blue dye in the present invention. It is the figure which showed sex.

FIG. 21 shows a light source spectrum and E = 0 in the present invention.
Transmitted light spectrum at kV / mm and E = 1 kV / m
It is the figure which showed the transmitted light spectrum in case of m.

22 is a perspective view showing an example in which a wall surface of a soundproof room for housing a machine tool is configured by using the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the variable sound absorbing wall of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional variable sound absorbing wall.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electrically insulating medium, 2 ... Electric field arrangement particles (EA particles,
Solid particles, inorganic / organic composite particles, 3 ... Core body (organic polymer compound), 4 ... Particles (particles of electric field aligning inorganic material), 5
... surface layer, 6 ... chain (particle chain), 11 ... incident sound wave, 12
... reflected sound wave, 13 ... variable power supply, 14 ... switch, 15 ...
Sealing member, 17, 18 ... Transparent conductive layer, 20 ... Sound absorption control panel (angle variable louver), 21 ... Rectangular frame, 22 ... Wall surface, 27 ... Transparent substrate (PET film), 28 ... Transparent substrate, 30 ... Variable sound absorbing wall, 50 ... Variable sound absorbing wall, 60 ... Variable sound absorbing wall, 61 ... Outer wall, 70 ... Variable sound absorbing wall.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Moritaka Goto 1-5-1, Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo Fujikura Ltd. (72) Inventor Kenji Furuichi 1-1-5, Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo Shareholders Company Fujikura (72) Inventor Yasufumi Otsubo 9-21-1 Konakadai, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 206

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An electro-sensitive acoustic wave control fluid composition comprising an electrically insulating medium containing solid particles having an electric field arranging effect in a space between a pair of electrode plates arranged to face each other with a space therebetween. A rectangular frame to which an angle variable louver composed of a sound wave absorption control panel in which the
A variable sound absorbing wall, wherein a variable power source for applying a voltage between the pair of electrode plates is disposed on a wall surface of a structure. 2. The pair of electrode plates is composed of a pair of substrates, at least parts of which are opposed to each other, and which is transparent, and a transparent conductive layer formed on the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates, respectively. The variable sound absorbing wall according to claim 1.