JPH08183A - Feed additive composed of twig of 'tochu' - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To process an unutilized twig of TOCHU (Euonymus tricocarpus) left after collecting the leaves and utilize the twig as an additive for animal feed. CONSTITUTION:Twigs of TOCHU is spontaneously dried, dried at 110 deg.C and finely crushed to <=0.5mm with a crusher and the crushed powder is used as it is as a feed additive mainly for ruminants. A feed additive for animals other than ruminant can be produced by decomposing and saccharifying the cellulose in the crushed TOCHU powder by the action of an enzyme or microorganism, thereby converting the valuable component of TOCHU in the twig into an easily absorbable material.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for pulverizing or processing the remaining unused twig material obtained by collecting the leaves of Tochu medium to utilize it as a feed additive.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Utilization of useful components contained in Tochu has been mainly limited to bark and leaves. The vascular bundle, which is a pair of canal and phloem, is densely distributed in the bark and leaves, and contains a large amount of nutrients for plant growth and substances synthesized by the plant, compared to the wood. Because. However, Tochu has so far been limited to using the bark and leaves, and the remaining twigs from which the leaves have been collected have never been taken into consideration. This is partly because the generation amount was not so large so far, and it could be easily used as fuel or incinerated, and the habit and image of using only the mulberry leaves for sericulture overlapped, and the twig material This was because the utilization of was not paid attention.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In recent years, the spread of Tochu tea,
Along with the increase in demand, the amount of unused twigs after the above-mentioned leaf collection is also increasing. In addition, this twig has a thin epidermis compared to thick branches and trunks, a small proportion of wood, and rather a high distribution density of vascular bundles, so the useful component of Tochu is not as much as bark and leaf, but the same component Is definitely contained. In view of these points, the present invention aims to process the remaining unused twigs from which the leaves have been collected and utilize them as feed additives for various animals.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above object, three means have been devised. That is, the first is processing into feed additives for ruminants, and the second and third are processing into feed additives for animals (including birds and fish) other than the above.

As the first feed additive for ruminants, the cellulose / hemicellulose and pectin, which occupy most of the Eucommia twigs, may be left as it is and simply pulverized into a fine powder. The cell membranes that make up the bark of thick branches and stems are thickly developed and contain a large amount of the rubbery gutta percha peculiar to Tokunaka, so long-term high temperature drying and moisture absorption prevention etc. are required for chip production and powder production. Although special measures are required, since twigs with a diameter of about 10 mm or less have soft core cells and a thick epidermis, it is easy to pulverize by naturally drying and then heat-drying at 110 ° C. for 1 hour.

The above-mentioned heating and drying is not roasting, and it is not necessary to use a special container, and the dryer can be used in either an open air type or a hot air drying type.

For the crushing after drying, it is efficient to use a shearing type / impacting type crushing machine, and sieving is performed by 0.5 mm, and oversize is repeatedly passed through the crushing machine, and if the whole size is 0.5 mm or less, the feed is used. It becomes easy to handle as an additive. Table 1 shows the pulverized particle size distribution and bulk specific gravity.

The Tochu twig material feed additive produced as described above is added as it is in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight to the main feed for ruminant animals.

Next, processing into feed additives for animals other than ruminants will be described. The Tonaka twig has a large number of vascular bundles that are composed of the canal and the canal that were connected to the leaves, and are mainly composed of cellulose and hemicellulose. In ruminants, enzymes such as cellulase and hemicellulase secreted by microorganisms in the digestive organs cause cellulose and hemicellulose to be saccharified and saccharified and absorbed at the same time as useful components of Tokuni, but in animals other than ruminants, they are absorbed into the tract or phloem. It is possible that some of the existing useful ingredients of Tochu will be excreted outside the body while being adsorbed by undegraded cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, etc.

In order to prevent this, it is necessary to decompose cellulose / hemicellulose in advance, and as the second means, by using an enzyme such as cellulase / hemicellulase prepared separately from Tochu twig powder, Cellulose, a method of degrading saccharifying hemicellulose, and a method of fermenting by adding a cellulolytic bacterium to Tonaka twig powder as a third means, a group of bacteria mainly decomposing hemicellulose, and an aggregate of yeast are effective. .

In order to carry out the second enzymatic method, water is first added so that the water content of the Tochu twig powder is 35 to 45%. Solution of M / 15KH ₂ PO ₄ (PH: 4.
5) 1g of crude cellulase and 1g of hemicellulase each
When an enzyme solution dispersed and dissolved at a ratio of 1 to 5% is added and 1 to 5% by weight is added to the above-mentioned powdered Tochu twig powder, and the mixture is stirred while being heated to 40 ° C to 50 ° C, cellulose and hemicellulose are rapidly added. It is decomposed and saccharified, and is easily absorbed at the same time as the useful ingredients of Tochu.

[0012] To carry out the third microbial fermentation method,
Cellulose, hemicellulose-decomposing bacteria and various yeasts are cultivated individually or in aggregate, and the water content is 40 to 55%.
Mix with Tochu twig powder that has been conditioned to 40 ℃ to 45 ℃
Fermentation at the temperature of 3 to 4 days. The microbial fermentation method requires a little longer treatment time than the enzyme method, but the nutritional value increases because it also contains bacterial cells and yeast.

In order to decompose cellulose in addition to the second and third means, about 0.5% of dilute sulfuric acid is mixed with Tochu twig powder, and 7 to 8 atm (170 to 180 atm) in a closed container.
There is also a method of treating with steam of (° C.) or a method of using concentrated hydrochloric acid, but these methods are not preferable because they may decompose or volatilize useful components peculiar to Tochu.

The remaining twigs from which the leaves of Tochu are collected are synthesized in the conduits and leaves that feed the solution containing nutrients from the roots to the leaves, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, calcium and other nutrients. A large number of phloem tubes that send solutions containing various substances used in root and stem cells, and a pair of vascular bundles are arranged, so the twigs have almost the same usefulness as the leaves, which is unique to Morinaka. Contains ingredients.

Compared with the leaves, the twigs have a lower arrangement density of the canal and phloem and have a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Therefore, the content of useful components is reduced by that much, but the cellulose and hemicellulose are reduced. , Pectin and the like are digested and absorbed as they are as the main component of feed for ruminant herbivorous animals, and can be used as an energy source by degrading and saccharifying these to animals that do not have cellulolytic bacteria in their bodies. . The twig material has a total cellulose content of 50 to 60% by weight and a hemicellulose content of about 10 to 20% by weight.

In the enzyme treatment of the Tochu twig wood powder, not only the particle size distribution of the twig wood, but also the type, activity, addition amount of the enzyme,
Although many factors such as water content, PH, and temperature are related, it is not necessary to completely decompose the cellulose in the twig material when processing it into a feed additive. The condition range is appropriate.

The higher the water content of the twig powder, the better the enzymatic reaction.
The water content is 0% and is usually in the range of 35 to 45%. At this time, the water content of the twig powder is adjusted to the above range using an organic acid, for example, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and its salt, or an aqueous solution adjusted to pH 4.0 to 5.0 with potassium monophosphate.

Crude cellulase such as endo-β-1.4
-Glucanase, hexo-β-1.4-glucanase,
M / 15KH ₂ P such that a complex enzyme system consisting of β-1,4-glucosidase or the like, or β-1,4-glucan, 4-gluca hydrolase alone has a concentration of 10 g / l
It is dispersed and dissolved in an aqueous solution of O ₄ (potassium primary phosphate) (PH: 4.5), and this solution is sprayed at 2 to 5% by weight on the twig powder whose water content has been adjusted, and heated to 35 to 45 ° C. While stirring slowly. 5 to 10 under these mild conditions
When the reaction is carried out for a time, about 75% of the cellulose is decomposed and saccharified. When the heating temperature is raised from the end of the cellulolytic saccharification reaction, the stirring is slightly accelerated to evaporate the excess water, and the finished water content is 15% or less, the handling becomes easy.

In order to improve the decomposition rate of cellulose,
There are physical treatments such as finely pulverizing twig material powder, chemical treatment with acid, alkali, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, etc., microwave, γ-ray irradiation, etc. It is not used in the present invention because it causes the cause.

In order to perform the fermentation treatment of Tochu twig powder using microorganisms, cellulolytic bacteria, cellulase-producing bacteria and the like are cultivated and proliferated, and the fermentation broth is used for fermentation. The microorganisms to be cultivated are mainly bacteria and fungi having a cellulolytic activity or cellulase producing ability, and include the following.

[0021]

As an example of the composition (g / l) of the culture solution, cellulose 100, glucose 50,
Nitrogen, Peptone as the phosphorus source 2, Ammonium monophosphate 10, Phosphorus, Potassium monobasic phosphate as the potassium source 1, Other magnesium sulfate (MgSO ₄ 7H ₂ O)
0.5, calcium chloride 0.1 and its pH is 5.0
Is.

Inoculum is collected from the above-mentioned microorganisms individually or in combination, and cultured and grown at 30 ° C. to 35 ° C. for 24 to 48 hours in a culture tank equipped with a stirrer, an air blower and a nutrient feeder tube. A culture solution for a twig material powder fermentation process is prepared.

Hot water is added to the Tochu twig powder, and the mixture is stirred to adjust the water content to 40% to 55%. Then, the culture solution is added to the twig powder at 10% to 20% by weight and 40 ° C. to 45 ° C. Water content 1 after fermentation at 3 ℃ for 3 to 4 days
The product is dried to 5% or less. Fermentation treatment by microorganisms requires a little longer time than the enzymatic method, but it has been confirmed that the decomposition and saccharification of cellulose and the like are accelerated if yeast is simultaneously worked. Further, since the bacterial cells grow and the nutritional value is improved by the fermentation treatment, it becomes a feed additive suitable for animals that do not have cellulolytic bacteria in their bodies.

[Action]

The Tochu twig material feed additive produced by the above-mentioned three treatment methods contains useful components peculiar to Tochu, which are almost the same as the leaves and the bark, though the content of the additives is different from that of the conventional Tochu leaf. The effects confirmed in the animal feed and feed additive developed using the parts as the base material are similarly exhibited. That is, reduction of neutral fat, reduction of cholesterol, prevention of disease infection,
It is effective in promoting health and improving meat quality.

Since the feed additive of the present invention does not impair the palatability of animals at all, a critical value is not set for the ratio of addition to the feed, but in consideration of the nutritional balance of each animal, it is 1 to 20%. You can decide between them.

[0027]

[Example-1] The remaining Tochu twigs (having a diameter of about 2 mm to 12 mm) from which the leaves were collected were cut to a length of about 10 mm, and naturally dried in the sun for 1 week in an air bath at 110 ° C. And dried for 1 hour. This is a small crusher (crushing cup capacity 125ml, blade rotation 11,000rpm,
AC100, 180W) once for about 5 seconds,
The 0.5 mm sieve was repeatedly crushed to a total size of 0.5 mm or less.

700 m of M / 15 KH ₂ PO ₄ solution (aqueous solution of potassium phosphate monobasic, PH: 4.5) in which 40 ml of separately prepared enzyme solution was mixed with 1.0 kg of this powder.
1 was sprayed and mixed. The above enzyme solution is endo-β-1,4-glucanase, hexo-β-1,4
Glucanase and β-1,4-glucosidase calanal complex enzyme were added to M / 15KH ₂ P to a concentration of 10 g / l.
It is dispersed and dissolved in an O ₄ solution.

Tochu twig powder mixed with the enzyme solution was placed in a glass container with a lid, set in a water bath maintained at 45 ° C., and stirred about once every 30 minutes so that the product temperature became uniform. The operation was performed. The charging powder gradually became brownish with the passage of time, and the powders adhered to each other to form grains. After 8 hours, the glass container was taken out of the water bath and subsequently heated on an electric heater while being stirred to dry the water content to 10% or less. When I licked it, I felt a sweetness along with the fragrance peculiar to Morinaka.

[0030]

Example-2 Cellulose 150 g, glucose 80
g, peptone 4 g, monobasic ammonium phosphate 20 g, monobasic potassium phosphate 2 g, magnesium sulfate (MgSO ₄
7H ₂ O) 1 g, calcium chloride 0.2 g, and distilled water to make 2 l, the pH becomes 5.0. Pure culture,
Preserved medium from Chaetomium globo
Take 2 platinum loops each of sum and Trichoderma viride, transfer to the above culture solution, rotate the stirrer while sending sterile air in the seed culture tank, and stir at 35 ° C for 48 hours.
The fermentation liquid was prepared by culturing for a period of time.

Tonaka twig powder pulverized in Example-1 1.
Add 0 ml of 800 ml of water to mix and keep humidity,
Add 150 ml of the fermented liquid to this and load it into a polycarbonate rotating drum (110φ x 268) to 40
Fermentation was carried out at 10 ° C. and 10 rpm for 3 days. 10 on the lid
φ holes were provided to allow the air flow to flow naturally. After the fermentation was completed, the charge was brownish as in Example 1, and all had a particle size of 3 to 6φ. This was taken out, heated on an electric heater, and dried to a water content of 10% or less to obtain a Tochu twig material feed additive.

[0032] Tonaka twig material feed additives prepared by the method of Example-1 and Example-2 were designated as a and b, respectively, and a feeding test using feeds A and B to which 5% of each was added was weaned. Immediately after it was performed on the rat. Rats were divided into two test groups (I and II) and one control group (III), and each group had 30 rats.

Test groups I and II were fed with commercially available feeds containing 5% of each of the above-mentioned a and b, and control group I.
II was fed with a commercial feed for breeding (C) containing no Tochu twig material feed additive. There was no restriction on the amount of feed, and there was always a surplus. The weight of each rat was measured every 5 days of breeding, and the average value of each group is shown in Table 2 as the weight gain by feed.

The rats of the test groups I and II bred with the feeds containing the feed additives A and B of Tochu twig material clearly showed significant weight gain as compared with the control group III on the 5th day of breeding. The difference gradually became larger thereafter, and the weight of the rats in the test group was large in about 20 to 30 g for each individual on the 25th day, and the difference in body shape was visually apparent.
The difference in free intake of feed appeared as the difference in body weight between the test group and the control group, and it can be said that the Tokinaka twig material feed additive contributed greatly to the growth.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A powdery Tochu twig material feed additive obtained by drying and finely pulverizing the remaining twigs from the leaves of Tochu leaf. 2. A Tonaka twig material feed obtained by drying the remaining twigs from which the leaves of Tochu are collected and then adding cellulase and hemicellulase to the finely pulverized powder to decompose and saccharify most of cellulose and hemicellulose. Additive. 3. After drying the remaining twigs from which the leaves of Tochu are collected, a culture solution containing a cellulolytic bacterium and a cellulase-producing bacterium is added to the finely pulverized powder for fermentation,
Tochu twig material feed additive obtained by degrading and saccharifying most of hemicellulose.