JPH08168306A - Drying of seed or coat-granulated seed and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To dry the seeds or coat-granulated seeds in a high drying efficiency, capable of rapidly drying the seeds or the granulated seeds in the state of high water content such as the seeds after a priming treatment or the granulated seeds after a coat-granulation, etc., and reducing damages to the seeds (loss of germinating force of seeds, degradation of coated layer, separation, etc.) caused by insufficient drying. CONSTITUTION: This method for drying seeds or coat-granulated seeds is to use a rotary drying device and feed air vertically to a revolving shaft of the drying device. The rotary drying device can dry the seeds or the coat-granulated seeds by feeding air in vertical direction to the revolving shaft of a drum.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for drying seeds or coated granulated seeds.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Plant seeds having various shapes are coated and granulated in a constant shape and a specific weight in order to save the seeding work and to perform a large-scale work with a small labor in all fields for sowing plant seeds. Technology is becoming important. In particular, in agricultural production, high-performance seeds are required for more efficient and systematic cultivation in recent years, and coated granulated seeds that do not deteriorate in germination performance by coating granulation together with germination improvement technology It has been demanded. For that purpose, it is necessary to quickly dry the coated granulated seed after granulation to reduce damage to the seed during storage due to insufficient drying, and a drying device with high drying efficiency and low cost Is required. Various drying devices have been known, for example, a conduction heat transfer type drying device, a rotary drum type drying device, a vacuum drying device, a fluidized bed drying device, and the like (for example, JP-A-2-110284, JP-A-58). -86378, JP-A-60-4780, JP-A-59-167676, etc.).

[0003]

However, in the usual drying method using the above drying apparatus, priming treatment for improving seed germination and clay minerals and other inorganic substances as a binder such as water or starch are carried out. It is not easy to dry quickly because seeds that retain a relatively large amount of water or coated granulated seeds are not damaged (loss of germination of seeds, peeling of coating layer, etc.) There wasn't. For this reason, it is possible to quickly dry seeds after priming treatment or coated granulated seeds after coated granulation, and damage to seeds due to insufficient drying (separation of seed germination, loss of coating layer, peeling, etc.) There is a need for a high-efficiency drying method and a low-cost drying method and apparatus that further reduce the above-mentioned (1).

[0004]

Under the circumstances, the inventors of the present invention have made earnest studies, and as a result, use a rotary dryer and perform ventilation from a direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis of the dryer. As a result, it was found that the seeds or the coated granulated seeds are leap-jumped within an appropriate range, and the action allows the seeds or the coated granulated seeds to be dried with high drying efficiency and at low cost, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention provides (1) a method for drying seeds or coated granulated seeds, which comprises using a rotary dryer and ventilating from a direction perpendicular to a drum rotation axis of the dryer ( Hereinafter, referred to as the method of the present invention.), (2) The rotating drum is a cylindrical container having a curved side surface having a plurality of vent holes having a size capable of holding seeds or coated granulated seeds. (3) The method of the present invention according to (1) above, (3) wherein the direction of the drum rotation axis is parallel to the installation surface of the rotary dryer.
The method of the present invention described in (4) above, wherein the rotating drum is a cylindrical container having a protrusion for rotating and mixing seeds or coated granulated seeds on the inner wall of the drum.
The method of the present invention described in (5), wherein the rotary drum is a cylindrical container having an inlet / outlet of the material to be dried on its curved side surface, and the method of the present invention described in (3) and (4) above.
(6) A rotary drying device (hereinafter, referred to as a device of the present invention) characterized by being capable of drying seeds or coated granulated seeds by aerating from the direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis, and (7) a rotary drum. The device of the present invention according to (6) above, which is a cylindrical container having a curved side surface having a plurality of ventilation holes having a size capable of holding seeds or coated granulated seeds. ) The device of the present invention according to (7) above, wherein the direction of the drum rotation axis is parallel to the installation surface of the rotary dryer, and (9) the rotary drum has a seed or coating structure on the inner wall of the drum. It is a cylindrical container having a projecting portion for rotationally mixing grain seeds. (8) The device of the present invention according to (8) above, wherein the rotating drum has a curved side surface at which an inlet / outlet port for the material to be dried is formed. That it is a cylindrical container The present invention apparatus of (8) and (9), wherein the symptoms, there is provided a.

The present invention will be described in more detail below. The rotary dryer has a rotatable container (hereinafter, referred to as a rotary drum) for holding an object to be dried in the dryer, and air (for example, a dryer) is stored in the rotary drum while rotating the rotary drum. Hot air) to dry the material to be dried, and in the rotary drying device used in the present invention, that is, in the device of the present invention, the direction of air to be aerated is a normal rotary drying device (drum). It is essential to dry the seeds or the coated granulated seeds by a drying method of aerating from the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the drum, unlike the method of aerating from the direction parallel to the rotation axis).

In order to ventilate from the direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis, the rotary drum needs to have a structure that allows air to pass through the curved side surface of the rotary drum.
The curved surface of the rotary drum is made of a mesh of metal, etc., a slender metal plate or the like is vertically and / or horizontally arranged to form a lattice or slit, and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed. A container having a curved side surface having a plurality of ventilation holes, such as a container made of a thin metal material or a combination thereof, can be used. The shape of the vent hole in the present invention is not particularly limited, and means all spaces through which air can pass. The size of the vent hole is, for example, a size capable of holding the seed or the coated granulated seed, but this is appropriately selected depending on the conditions such as the size of the material to be dried, the drying efficiency and the cost. You can set things. Further, the rotating drum is a cylindrical container in consideration of damage to the seed due to physical impact, collapse of the coating layer in the coated granulated seed, damage to the seed or the coated granulated seed such as peeling, and high drying efficiency. Is good.

The ventilation conditions include, for example, a blowing pressure of about 1.0 to 10 m / s. When the blowing pressure is less than about 1.0 m / s, the jumping beam is not sufficiently performed depending on the amount of the material to be dried held in the rotary drum, and the drying efficiency is deteriorated. When the blowing pressure is higher than about 10 m / s, the seeds or the coated granulated seeds collide strongly with the inner wall of the rotating drum, which may cause problems such as seed damage and coating layer collapse and peeling. Become. The temperature of the aerated air varies depending on the moisture content of the material to be dried, the heat resistance of the seeds, the drying time, etc., but can be, for example, about-° C. In addition, in order to raise the temperature of the ventilated air, it is necessary to incorporate a heating part such as a heater into the device of the present invention. Furthermore, in order to grasp the temperature of the material to be dried, it is preferable to install a temperature sensor which is extended in the vicinity of the material to be dried and which does not contact the curved side surface of the rotary drum. If a temperature sensor is installed at such a position, it becomes possible to measure the air temperature of the boundary layer near the surface of the material to be dried, and the signal caught by the temperature sensor is sent via a controller such as a computer. It is also possible to carry out the drying at a certain temperature or lower by sequentially sending the aerated air to a heater for heating in advance. If necessary,
It is also possible to ventilate sufficiently dry air beforehand.

In order to dry the seeds or the coated granulated seeds more economically and efficiently, the device of the present invention described above is such that the direction of the drum rotation axis is parallel to the installation surface of the rotary dryer. Should be used. In this case, it is more preferable to ventilate the lower part of the rotary drum from the upper part. More preferably, the above-mentioned device of the present invention is such that the rotary drum is a cylindrical container having a protrusion on the inner wall of the drum for rotationally mixing seeds or coated granulated seeds.
The protrusion has the following function. The material to be dried accumulated on the bottom of the rotating drum is lifted in the rotating direction of the rotating drum by the protrusions on the inner wall of the drum. When lifted to a certain height or higher, the material to be dried spills from the protrusion and returns to the bottom of the rotary drum. The rotary drum rotates, and the material to be dried, which has accumulated on the bottom of the rotary drum again, is lifted in the rotational direction of the rotary drum by the protrusion existing on the inner wall of the drum. As described above, the rotation and rotation of the rotary drum allows the rotary mixing of the material to be dried more efficiently. The size, shape, number, etc. of the protrusions can be appropriately set depending on conditions such as the size of the material to be dried, the amount of the material to be dried, the blowing pressure, and the rotation speed of the rotary drum.

The portion for putting the material to be dried in or out of the rotary drum may be anywhere on the rotary drum, but in view of the working aspect, in the device of the present invention, the rotary drum is , Throwing in the material to be dried
A cylindrical container having an outlet on the curved side surface is particularly preferable. In this case, since the charging / discharging port exists on the curved side surface, the drum rotation shaft does not interfere with the operation, and a wide charging / discharging port can be used. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0010]

【Example】

Example 1 FIG. 3 shows an example of a rotary drying apparatus characterized by drying seeds or coated granulated seeds by aerating from the direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis. The device of the present invention has a rotary drum 9, and loads seeds or coated granulated seeds into the rotary drum 9 through a loading / unloading port 20 located on the curved side surface of the rotary drum 9. A drum stopper 8 is provided to prevent and fix the rotation of the rotary drum 9 when the seed or the coated granulated seed is put into the rotary drum 9. The rotary drum 9 is linked to the drum motor 10 by a rubber belt, and the rotary drum 9 is appropriately rotated by adjusting the axial rotation of the drum motor 10 by the drum rotation setting device 1. To dry the seeds or the coated granulated seeds, aeration is performed from the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotary drum 9. The outside air is taken into the duct in the device of the present invention by the fan 12 rotated by the fan motor 11 installed on the upper part of the device of the present invention. A heater unit 15 is provided in the middle of the duct to heat the taken-in air as needed. The fan 12 and the heater unit 15 are controlled by the blower rotation setting device 4 and the digital temperature controller 3 to have appropriate blowing pressure and air temperature. Then, the taken-in air is sent from the rotary drum air supply port (duct exhaust port) 19 into the rotary drum 9 through the ventilation hole of the rotary drum 9 which is adjacent to the rotary drum air supply port (duct exhaust port) 19. , Is fed into the rotary drum 9. The air sent into the rotary drum 9 passes between the seeds or coated granulated seeds held in the rotary drum 9, and is exhausted to the outside of the rotary drum 9 through the ventilation hole of the rotary drum 9. . Rotating drum 9 in the above-mentioned device of the present invention
Is a cylindrical container having curved side surfaces having a plurality of vent holes each having a size capable of holding seeds or coated granulated seeds (see FIG. 4). The inner wall of the rotary drum 9 has a rib-like protruding portion for rotationally mixing seeds or coated granulated seeds (see FIG. 5). Further, the rotary drum 9 has an inlet / outlet port for the material to be dried on the curved side surface (see FIG. 6).

Test Example 1 (Drying Test of Coated Granulated Seeds Using Apparatus of the Present Invention) Lettuce seeds were coated and granulated by a commonly used seed coating granulation method, and then coated granulated seeds 120k in a wet state
g was put into the rotary drum of the rotary dryer shown in Example 1, hot air having a supply temperature of 60 ° C. was aerated from the bottom to the top in the direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis, and the water content of the coated granulated seeds was increased. Was dried to about 10 to 20% by weight of wet weight. The drying time was 50 minutes. The blowing pressure at this time is 5.0 m / s
And the coated granulated seed temperature at the end of drying was 35 ° C. Further, the obtained coated granulated seed was dried at 35 ° C. for 16 hours using a dehumidifying dryer. The final water content of the obtained coated granulated seed was 4.5% by wet weight. The state of the coating layer of the coated granulated seed thus dried was observed, but there was no collapse or peeling of the coating layer. The particle size of the coated granulated seeds was distributed within a narrow range of 2.83 to 3.62 mmφ. Furthermore, when a test test of germination performance was performed to examine the presence or absence of germination activity loss of the coated granulated seed, the germination rate of the coated granulated seed was equivalent to that of the bare seed before coated granulation, No loss of germination activity was observed in the coated granulated seeds.

Test Example 2 (Drying Test of Coated Granulated Seeds Using Apparatus of the Present Invention) After coating granulation of Japanese radish seeds by a conventional seed coating granulation method, coated granulated seeds 120 in a wet state
kg was put into the rotary drum of the rotary dryer shown in Example 1, and hot air having a supply temperature of 70 ° C. was aerated from the lower side to the upper side in a direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis to obtain a water content of the coated granulated seeds. Was dried to about 10 to 20% by weight of wet weight. The drying time was 50 minutes. The blast pressure at this time is 8.0 m /
s, and the coated granulated seed temperature at the end of drying was 35 ° C. Further, the obtained coated granulated seeds were dried at 40 ° C. for 16 hours using a dehumidifying dryer. The final water content of the obtained coated granulated seed was 4.5% by wet weight. The state of the coating layer of the coated granulated seed thus dried was observed, but there was no collapse or peeling of the coating layer. The particle size of the coated granulated seeds was distributed within a narrow range of 4.83 to 6.00 mmφ. Furthermore, when a test test of germination performance was performed to examine the presence or absence of germination activity loss of the coated granulated seed, the germination rate of the coated granulated seed was equivalent to that of the bare seed before coated granulation, No loss of germination activity was observed in the coated granulated seeds.

Comparative Example 1 (Drying Test of Coated Granulated Seed Using a Rotating Dryer Aerated from the Direction Parallel to Drum Rotating Shaft) After radish seed was coated and granulated by a commonly used seed granulating method, it was wetted. Granulated seed 120 in a state
It is introduced into the rotary drum of a rotary drying device in which kg is ventilated in the direction parallel to the drum rotation axis, hot air having a supply temperature of 70 ° C. is ventilated in the direction parallel to the drum rotation axis, and the water content of the coated granulated seed is 10 to 10. It was dried until it reached about 20% by weight. The drying time was 70 minutes. The blowing pressure at this time was 8.0 m / s, and the coated granulated seed temperature at the end of drying was 35 ° C. Further, the obtained coated granulated seeds were dried at 40 ° C. for 16 hours using a dehumidifying dryer. The final water content of the obtained coated granulated seed was 4.5% by wet weight. The state of the coating layer of the coated granulated seed dried in this way was observed, and about 15% of the coating layer was disintegrated and peeled off. The particle size of the coated granulated seed is 2.00
It was dispersed in a wide range of 6.00 mmφ. Further, a germination performance test was conducted in order to investigate the presence or absence of germination activity loss of the coated granulated seed, and the germination rate of the coated granulated seed was about 10% as compared with that of the bare seed before the coated granulation. The loss of germination was observed in the coated granulated seeds.

Comparative Example 2 (Drying Test of Coated Granulated Seed Using Conduction Heat Transfer Type Drying Device) Coated granulated seeds of Japanese radish were coated and granulated by a conventional seed granulation method, and then coated granulated seeds in a wet state. 120
Kg was put into a conduction heat transfer type drying device, hot air having a supply temperature of 70 ° C. was aerated, and the coated granulated seeds were dried until the water content was about 10 to 20% by weight. The drying time was 60 minutes. The blowing pressure at this time was 8.0 m / s, and the coated granulated seed temperature at the end of drying was 35 ° C. When the obtained coated granulated seed was taken out from the drying device, about 80% of the coating layer of the coated granulated seed was disintegrated and peeled off.

Comparative Example 3 (Drying Test of Coated Granulated Seeds Using Fluidized Bed Drying Device) After the kanlan seeds were coated and granulated by a commonly used seed granulation method, the coated granulated seeds 120 in a wet state were used.
Into a fluidized bed drying apparatus, kg is introduced, hot air having a supply temperature of 60 ° C. is aerated, and the water content of the coated granulated seed is 10 to 20% by weight by weight.
It was dried to a degree. The drying time was 100 minutes. The blowing pressure at this time was 10.0 m / s, and the coated granulated seed temperature at the end of drying was 35 ° C. When the obtained coated granulated seed was taken out from the drying device, it was about 90%.
The coating layer of the coated granulated seeds to some extent collapsed and peeled off.

[0016]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it is possible to rapidly dry seeds having a high water content or coated granulated seeds such as seeds after priming treatment or coated granulated seeds after coated granulation. In addition, high drying efficiency and low cost drying that can further reduce damage to seeds due to insufficient drying (seed germination loss, coating layer disintegration, peeling, etc.) have become possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing main features of a rotary drying apparatus, which is characterized in that seeds or coated granulated seeds are dried by aerating from the direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis. . FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a system in which the direction of the rotary shaft of the drum is horizontal and the ventilation is performed from the lower part to the upper part of the rotary drum. (B) is a diagram showing a method in which the direction of the drum rotation axis is vertical and ventilation is performed from the direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis. (C)
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a method in which the direction of the drum rotation axis is horizontal and the ventilation is performed from the upper part to the lower part of the rotary drum. (D) is a diagram showing a system in which the direction of the drum rotation axis is a direction obliquely inclined from the horizontal direction, and the ventilation is performed from the lower portion to the upper portion of the rotating drum.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a rotary drying device characterized by drying seeds or coated granulated seeds by aerating from the direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis. In this device, the direction of the drum rotation axis is parallel to the installation surface of the rotary dryer.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing in detail an example of a rotary drying device characterized by drying seeds or coated granulated seeds by aerating from the direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis. The figure consists of a plan view, a front view and a left side view.
The numbers in the figure indicate the following parts. 1. Drum rotation setting device 2. Power lamp 3. Digital temperature controller 4. Blower rotation setting device 5. Each operation lamp 6. Each operation switch 7. Earth leakage breaker 8. Drum stopper 9. Rotating drum 10. Drum motor 11. Blower motor 12. Fan 13. Inverter 14. Steam solenoid valve 15. Heater section 16. Circular stainless steel disc for reinforcing bearing of rotating drum 17. Circular stainless steel plate for wall in rotating drum 18. Circular stainless steel plate for partitioning on rotating drum 19. Rotating drum air supply port (duct exhaust port) 20. Entry / Exit 21. Drum shaft

FIG. 4 is a view showing that the rotating drum is a cylindrical container having a curved side surface having a plurality of ventilation holes having a size capable of holding seeds or coated granulated seeds. . (A) is a figure which shows the half whole of this cylindrical container.
(B) is an enlarged view of a side surface having a plurality of vent holes each having a size capable of holding the coated granulated seed.

FIG. 5 shows that the rotating drum is a cylindrical container with protrusions on the inner wall of the drum for the rotational mixing of seeds or coated granulated seeds. (A) is a figure which shows this protrusion part installed in the inner wall of a drum like a rib. (B) is a figure which shows this protrusion part from a horizontal direction.

FIG. 6 is a view showing that the rotary drum is a cylindrical container having an inlet / outlet port for the material to be dried on its curved side surface.

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A method for drying seeds or coated granulated seeds, which comprises using a rotary dryer and aerating from a direction perpendicular to a drum rotation axis of the dryer. 2. The rotating drum is a cylindrical container having a curved side surface having a plurality of ventilation holes having a size capable of holding seeds or coated granulated seeds. How to dry. 3. The drying method according to claim 2, wherein the direction of the rotary shaft of the drum is parallel to the installation surface of the rotary dryer. 4. The drying method according to claim 3, wherein the rotary drum is a cylindrical container having a protrusion on the inner wall of the drum for rotationally mixing seeds or coated granulated seeds. 5. The drying method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the rotary drum is a cylindrical container having an inlet / outlet of an object to be dried on a cylindrical side surface. 6. A rotary drying device capable of drying seeds or coated granulated seeds by aerating from the direction perpendicular to the drum rotation axis. 7. The cylindrical container having a curved side surface having a plurality of vent holes each having a size capable of holding seeds or coated granulated seeds, wherein the rotary drum is a cylindrical container. Rotary dryer. 8. The rotary dryer according to claim 7, wherein the direction of the rotary shaft of the drum is parallel to the installation surface of the rotary dryer. 9. The rotary drying apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the rotary drum is a cylindrical container having a protrusion on the inner wall of the drum for rotationally mixing seeds or coated granulated seeds. 10. The rotary drying apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the rotary drum is a cylindrical container having a loading / unloading port for the material to be dried on its curved side surface.