JPH08103773A - Water softening treatment method - Google Patents
Water softening treatment methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08103773A JPH08103773A JP26210394A JP26210394A JPH08103773A JP H08103773 A JPH08103773 A JP H08103773A JP 26210394 A JP26210394 A JP 26210394A JP 26210394 A JP26210394 A JP 26210394A JP H08103773 A JPH08103773 A JP H08103773A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- raw water
- exchange membranes
- treatment tank
- exchange membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、再生剤の投入等の再
生操作を必要としないで、連続的に軟水を得ることがで
きる軟水化処理方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water softening treatment method capable of continuously obtaining soft water without requiring a regenerating operation such as adding a regenerant.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、ボイラ等への給水においては、熱
効率の低下や水管の膨張，破裂等の原因となる缶体内に
おけるスケール付着を防止するために、原水中の硬度成
分を除去し、軟水として供給することが行われている。
このような軟水化処理は、通常陽イオン交換樹脂を充填
した軟水器により行われている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when supplying water to a boiler or the like, the hardness component in the raw water is removed in order to prevent the scale from adhering to the scale inside the can, which causes deterioration of thermal efficiency and expansion and rupture of the water pipe. Is being supplied as.
Such water softening treatment is usually performed by a water softener filled with a cation exchange resin.
【０００３】従来の軟水器によれば、充填した陽イオン
交換樹脂にカルシウムイオン等の硬度成分を含む原水を
流通させると、硬度成分はイオン交換により除去され軟
水となる。しかしながら、従来の軟水器にあっては、イ
オン交換樹脂が本来持っている交換容量以上の硬度成分
を除去することができない。そこで、イオン交換樹脂の
能力を回復するために、塩等の再生剤を用いて再生する
操作が必要となっている。この再生操作は、ボイラへの
給水用の軟水器においては、２〜７日毎に再生剤を補給
しているが、この補給作業は非常に煩雑であることはも
ちろんのことであるが、この補給作業を怠ると、イオン
交換樹脂の再生不良により硬度リーク等のトラブルが発
生し、ボイラの運転上、重大事故に結びつく等の好まし
くない状況となる。そして、イオン交換樹脂の再生時に
は高濃度の塩水が排出され、環境汚染等も憂慮されてい
る。According to the conventional water softener, when raw water containing hardness components such as calcium ions is circulated through the filled cation exchange resin, the hardness components are removed by ion exchange to become soft water. However, in the conventional water softener, it is impossible to remove the hardness component beyond the exchange capacity originally possessed by the ion exchange resin. Therefore, in order to restore the capacity of the ion exchange resin, it is necessary to perform an operation of regenerating with a regenerant such as salt. In this regeneration operation, in the water softener for supplying water to the boiler, the regenerant is replenished every 2 to 7 days. Needless to say, this replenishment work is extremely complicated, If the work is neglected, problems such as hardness leak will occur due to defective regeneration of the ion exchange resin, leading to an unfavorable situation such as a serious accident in the operation of the boiler. Then, when the ion exchange resin is regenerated, high-concentration salt water is discharged, and environmental pollution is also a concern.
【０００４】また、近年、前記のような従来の軟水器に
代わるものとして、逆浸透膜（ＲＯ膜）を組込んだ逆浸
透膜装置も利用されている。しかしながら、この逆浸透
膜装置によれば、連続的に軟水が得られると云う利点は
持っているものの、全通水量の約半分しか軟水として得
られないと云う問題点や、また定期的な逆浸透膜の洗
浄，交換が必要となり、ランニングコストがかなり割高
となる等の問題点があり、ボイラへの給水用としては適
していない。In recent years, a reverse osmosis membrane device incorporating a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane) has also been used as an alternative to the conventional water softener. However, although this reverse osmosis membrane device has the advantage that soft water can be obtained continuously, it has the problem that only about half of the total water flow can be obtained as soft water, and there is no periodic reverse water flow. It requires cleaning and replacement of the osmosis membrane, and the running cost is considerably high. Therefore, it is not suitable for supplying water to the boiler.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】この発明は、前記問題
点に鑑み、再生操作を必要とせずに、連続的に軟水を得
ることができ、しかも煩雑な再生剤の補給作業をなくす
ることができる軟水化処理方法を提供することを目的と
しており、さらにはランニングコストの低減化を図った
ものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present invention can continuously obtain soft water without requiring a regenerating operation, and can eliminate complicated regenerant supply work. It is an object of the present invention to provide a water softening treatment method that can be performed, and further to reduce running costs.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明は、前記課題に
鑑みてなされたもので、原水中の硬度成分を除去する軟
水化処理において、複数の陽イオン交換膜と複数の陰イ
オン交換膜とを交互に配置するとともに、この交互配置
の両外側にそれぞれ配置された陽極板と陰極板とにより
構成された処理槽内へ原水を通水し、前記陽極板と前記
陰極板との間に直流電流を通電し、前記陽イオン交換膜
と前記陰イオン交換膜とを介して原水中の硬度成分を分
離して除去することを特徴としている。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in a water softening treatment for removing hardness components in raw water, a plurality of cation exchange membranes and a plurality of anion exchange membranes are used. Alternately arranged, the raw water is passed into the treatment tank constituted by the anode plate and the cathode plate respectively arranged on both outer sides of this alternating arrangement, and the direct current is provided between the anode plate and the cathode plate. It is characterized in that an electric current is applied to separate and remove the hardness component in the raw water through the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】この発明によれば、処理槽内を通水する原水
は、その通水中において、陽イオン交換膜と陰イオン交
換膜とにより、その硬度成分が分離されて軟水となる。
処理槽内の両イオン交換膜は、交換容量と云うことが問
題とならないので、再生剤の補給等の再生操作が不要
で、連続的な軟水化処理が行われる。According to the present invention, the raw water flowing through the treatment tank is softened by the hardness component separated by the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane.
Since the exchange capacity of both ion exchange membranes in the treatment tank does not pose a problem, a regeneration operation such as replenishment of a regenerant is not required, and continuous water softening treatment is performed.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下、この発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳
細に説明する。図１は、この発明における処理槽１の概
念図であり、処理槽１の内部には、両側に陽極板２と陰
極板３とが適宜な間隔を保持した状態で配置されてい
る。陽極板２と陰極板３との間隔内には、陽イオンのみ
を透過する陽イオン交換膜４と陰イオンのみを透過する
陰イオン交換膜５とが交互に複数枚ずつ配置されてい
る。両交換膜４，５は、硬度成分であるカルシウムイオ
ン等の多価イオンの通過特性のよいものとして構成され
ている。このような両交換膜４，５は、両者間に小さい
部屋を形成するように、適宜なスペーサー（図示省略）
を介して交互に配置されている。このように、陽イオン
交換膜４と陰イオン交換膜５とを交互に配置するので、
イオンを取り込む部屋６，６，…とイオンを除去する部
屋７，７，…とが交互に形成される。したがって、イオ
ン取込み室６内の原水には、陰，陽の両イオンが両隣の
イオン除去室７からそれぞれ取り込まれるので、イオン
交換室６内の原水は濃縮する。また、イオン除去室７内
の原水からは、両イオンが両隣のイオン取込み室６へそ
れぞれ透過するので、イオン交換室７内の原水から両イ
オンが除去されて軟水となる。そして、両側に配置され
た陽極板２および陰極板３とそれぞれ対面する陽イオン
交換膜４との間には、それぞれ電極室８，８が形成され
ている。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a processing tank 1 according to the present invention. Inside the processing tank 1, an anode plate 2 and a cathode plate 3 are arranged on both sides with an appropriate interval. In the space between the anode plate 2 and the cathode plate 3, a plurality of cation exchange membranes 4 that allow only cations to pass and a plurality of anion exchange membranes 5 that allow only anions to pass are alternately arranged. Both exchange membranes 4 and 5 are configured to have good passage characteristics for polyvalent ions such as calcium ions which are hardness components. These two exchange membranes 4 and 5 are appropriately spacers (not shown) so as to form a small room between them.
Are alternately arranged through. Since the cation exchange membranes 4 and the anion exchange membranes 5 are alternately arranged in this way,
The chambers 6, 6 for taking in the ions and the chambers 7, 7, for removing the ions are alternately formed. Therefore, since both negative and positive ions are taken into the raw water in the ion intake chamber 6 from the adjacent ion removal chambers 7, the raw water in the ion exchange chamber 6 is concentrated. Further, since both ions permeate from the raw water in the ion removal chamber 7 to the ion intake chambers 6 adjacent to each other, both ions are removed from the raw water in the ion exchange chamber 7 to become soft water. Electrode chambers 8 are formed between the anode plate 2 and the cathode plate 3 arranged on both sides and the cation exchange membrane 4 facing each other.
【０００９】前記処理槽１には、原水を供給する原水ラ
イン９と、陰，陽の両イオンが除去された軟水を取り出
す軟水ライン１０と、濃縮水を排出する濃縮ライン１１
と、両電極室８の極液をそれぞれ排出する極液ライン１
２，１２とがそれぞれ接続されている。In the treatment tank 1, a raw water line 9 for supplying raw water, a soft water line 10 for taking out soft water from which both negative and positive ions are removed, and a concentration line 11 for discharging concentrated water.
And the polar liquid line 1 for discharging the polar liquid from both electrode chambers 8 respectively.
2 and 12 are connected to each other.
【００１０】そして、前記処理槽１内において、前記両
イオン交換膜４，５による交互配置の両外側に配置され
た陽極板２と陰極板３は、定電圧直流電源１３と、スイ
ッチ１４とを備えた電気回路１５により接続されてい
る。In the treatment tank 1, the anode plate 2 and the cathode plate 3 arranged on both outer sides of the alternate arrangement of the ion exchange membranes 4 and 5 are provided with a constant voltage DC power source 13 and a switch 14. They are connected by an electric circuit 15 provided.
【００１１】ここで、前記構成における作用を説明する
と、まず原水ライン９から軟水化処理する原水を処理槽
１内へ供給する。処理槽１内へ供給された原水は、各イ
オン取込み室６，各イオン除去室７および両電極室８へ
と流入する。このように原水が処理槽１内に流入した状
態で、スイッチ１４を操作して陽極板２と陰極板３との
間に直流電流を通電し、多価イオンの通過特性のよい陽
イオン交換膜４と陰イオン交換膜７で仕切られた原水に
対して直流電圧を印加すると、原水中の陽イオン（たと
えば、Ｃａ2+）は陰極に向かって移動し、一方陰イオン
（たとえば、Ｃｌ- ）は陽極に向かって移動する。しか
し、陽イオンは、陽イオン交換膜４は透過するが、陰イ
オン交換膜５は透過しない。同様に、陰イオンは、陰イ
オン交換膜５は透過するが、陽イオン交換膜４は透過し
ない。したがって、イオン取込み室６へ流入した原水に
は、一方の陽イオン交換膜４から隣のイオン除去室７の
陽イオンが取り込まれ、また他方の陰イオン交換膜５か
ら隣のイオン除去室７の陰イオンが取り込まれ、濃縮水
となって濃縮ライン１１へと移動する。そして、イオン
除去室７へ流入した原水にあっては、一方の陰イオン交
換膜５から原水中の陰イオンが隣のイオン取込み室６へ
と透過し、また他方の陽イオン交換膜４から原水中の陽
イオンが隣のイオン取込み室６へと透過し、両イオンが
除去された軟水となって軟水ライン１０へと移動する。
このように、処理槽１内を通水する原水は、その通水中
において、陽イオン交換膜４と陰イオン交換膜５とによ
り、その両イオンが除去されて軟水となる。The operation of the above-described structure will be described. First, raw water for softening treatment is supplied from the raw water line 9 into the treatment tank 1. The raw water supplied into the treatment tank 1 flows into each ion intake chamber 6, each ion removal chamber 7, and both electrode chambers 8. With the raw water thus flowing into the treatment tank 1, the switch 14 is operated to pass a direct current between the anode plate 2 and the cathode plate 3 to obtain a cation exchange membrane having good multivalent ion passage characteristics. When a direct current voltage is applied to the raw water partitioned by 4 and the anion exchange membrane 7, the cations (eg, Ca 2+ ) in the raw water move toward the cathode, while the anions (eg, Cl − ) Moves towards the anode. However, cations permeate the cation exchange membrane 4 but do not permeate the anion exchange membrane 5. Similarly, anions permeate the anion exchange membrane 5 but not the cation exchange membrane 4. Therefore, in the raw water flowing into the ion intake chamber 6, the cations in the adjacent ion removal chamber 7 are taken in from one cation exchange membrane 4 and the other ion removal chamber 7 in the adjacent ion removal chamber 7 is taken in. Anions are taken in and become concentrated water, which moves to the concentration line 11. Then, in the raw water that has flowed into the ion removal chamber 7, the anions in the raw water permeate from the anion exchange membrane 5 on one side to the adjacent ion intake chamber 6, and from the cation exchange membrane 4 on the other side. The cations in the water permeate into the adjacent ion intake chamber 6 and become soft water from which both ions have been removed, and move to the soft water line 10.
In this way, the raw water that passes through the treatment tank 1 becomes soft water with both ions removed by the cation exchange membrane 4 and the anion exchange membrane 5 in the passing water.
【００１２】前記のように、この発明においては、原水
中の硬度成分を除去する軟水化処理が行われるが、前記
両イオン交換膜４，５は、従来の軟水器におけるイオン
交換樹脂のように、交換容量と云うことが問題とならな
いので、再生操作が全く不要であり、軟水化処理を連続
的に行うことになる。As described above, in the present invention, the water softening treatment for removing the hardness component in the raw water is carried out. However, the both ion exchange membranes 4 and 5 are similar to the ion exchange resin in the conventional water softener. Since the exchange capacity is not a problem, the regeneration operation is completely unnecessary and the water softening treatment is continuously performed.
【００１３】つぎに、この発明の好ましい適用例につい
て、図２を用いて説明する。図２は、水道水，工業用水
等の一般市水を軟水化処理する場合のフロー説明図であ
り、原水としての一般市水をボイラ（図示省略）等の給
水システム１６に組み込む場合の実施例である。市水
は、給水源（図示省略）から開閉バルブ１７を介して給
水システム１６に導入され、濾過装置１８により濾過さ
れる。この濾過装置１８は、市水中の懸濁物，コロイド
物質等を前もって除去するもので、活性炭フィルター，
繊維状フィルター等のものの中から、水質に合わせて適
宜選択される。Next, a preferred application example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a flow explanatory diagram in the case of softening general city water such as tap water and industrial water, and an example of incorporating general city water as raw water into a water supply system 16 such as a boiler (not shown). Is. City water is introduced into the water supply system 16 from a water supply source (not shown) through the opening / closing valve 17 and filtered by the filter device 18. This filtering device 18 removes suspended matter, colloidal substances, etc. in city water in advance.
It is appropriately selected from those such as fibrous filters according to the water quality.
【００１４】濾過装置１８により濾過された市水は、ポ
ンプ１９により前記原水ライン９を介して前記処理槽１
へ供給される。そして、ポンプ１９と前記処理槽１との
間における前記原水ライン９には、流量調節バルブ２
０，流量計２１が設けられている。The city water filtered by the filtering device 18 is passed through the raw water line 9 by the pump 19 to the treatment tank 1
Supplied to A flow rate control valve 2 is provided in the raw water line 9 between the pump 19 and the treatment tank 1.
0, a flow meter 21 is provided.
【００１５】さて、前記処理槽１へ流入した市水は、前
記と同様、前記処理槽１内を通水中において、前記陽イ
オン交換膜４と前記陰イオン交換膜５とにより、市水中
に含まれている陰，陽の両イオンが除去されて軟水とな
り、前記軟水ライン１０からボイラ等の用水として供給
される。また、濃縮水は、濃縮ライン１１から排出され
る。Now, the city water flowing into the treatment tank 1 is contained in the city water by the cation exchange membrane 4 and the anion exchange membrane 5 during the passage of water in the treatment tank 1 as described above. Both the negative and positive ions are removed to form soft water, which is supplied from the soft water line 10 as water for a boiler or the like. Further, the concentrated water is discharged from the concentration line 11.
【００１６】このように、この発明をボイラ等の給水シ
ステム１６に適用すると、再生操作等による中断をする
ことなく連続して軟水を得ることができ、再生剤の投入
等の煩雑な作業から解放されることはもちろん、作業環
境が一変することとなる。As described above, when the present invention is applied to the water supply system 16 of a boiler or the like, soft water can be continuously obtained without interruption due to a regenerating operation and the like, which is released from a complicated work such as charging a regenerant. Of course, the work environment will change.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上のように、この発明によれば、再生
作業が全く不要である陽イオン交換膜と陰イオン交換膜
とにより、原水に含まれている硬度成分を除去して軟水
とする処理方法であるから、再生操作を必要とせずに、
連続的に軟水を得ることができる。そして、再生操作が
不要であるから、従来の軟水器のように、複雑な運転サ
イクルが不要となり、連続的に軟水を得ることができる
ので、軟水の水質管理がきわめて容易である。また、塩
等の再生剤の補給作業が不要となるので、装置全体の自
動化，無人化が可能になるとともに、再生不良による硬
度リークと云ったトラブルを確実に回避することができ
る。また、再生剤の補給が不要であるので、高濃度の塩
分を含む排水となることがなく、原水の数倍程度の塩濃
度の排水となり、環境汚染に与える影響がきわめて少な
い。さらに、再生剤を使用することがなく、かつ両イオ
ン交換膜の定期的な洗浄，交換等も不要であるから、ラ
ンニングコストの低減化を図ることができ、この種の軟
水化処理としては頗る効果的である。As described above, according to the present invention, the hardness component contained in the raw water is removed by the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane, which do not require any regeneration work, to obtain soft water. Because it is a processing method, it does not require a playback operation,
Soft water can be continuously obtained. Further, since the regenerating operation is unnecessary, a complicated operation cycle unlike the conventional water softener is unnecessary, and the soft water can be continuously obtained, so that the water quality control of the soft water is extremely easy. In addition, since it is not necessary to replenish the regenerant such as salt, the entire apparatus can be automated and unmanned, and the problem of hardness leak due to defective regeneration can be reliably avoided. Further, since it is not necessary to replenish the regenerant, the wastewater does not contain high-concentration salt, and the wastewater has a salt concentration that is several times that of the raw water, which has very little effect on environmental pollution. Furthermore, since no regenerant is used and neither cleaning nor replacement of both ion-exchange membranes is required, running costs can be reduced and this is a water softening treatment of this type. It is effective.
【図１】この発明の一実施例の概念図である。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】この発明の好ましい適用例のフロー説明図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a flow explanatory diagram of a preferred application example of the present invention.
１ 処理槽 ２ 陽極板 ３ 陰極板 ４ 陽イオン交換膜 ５ 陰イオン交換膜 ６ イオン取込み室 ７ イオン除去室 ８ 電極室 ９ 原水ライン １０ 軟水ライン １１ 濃縮ライン １２ 極液ライン １３ 定電圧直流電源 １４ スイッチ １５ 電気回路 1 Treatment Tank 2 Anode Plate 3 Cathode Plate 4 Cation Exchange Membrane 5 Anion Exchange Membrane 6 Ion Uptake Chamber 7 Ion Removal Chamber 8 Electrode Chamber 9 Raw Water Line 10 Soft Water Line 11 Concentration Line 12 Cathode Liquid Line 13 Constant Voltage DC Power Supply 14 Switch 15 Electric circuit
Claims (1)
において、複数の陽イオン交換膜４と複数の陰イオン交
換膜５とを交互に配置するとともに、この交互配置の両
外側にそれぞれ配置された陽極板２と陰極板３とにより
構成された処理槽１内へ原水を通水し、前記陽極板２と
前記陰極板３との間に直流電流を通電し、前記陽イオン
交換膜４と前記陰イオン交換膜５とを介して原水中の硬
度成分を分離して除去することを特徴とする軟水化処理
方法。1. In a water softening treatment for removing hardness components in raw water, a plurality of cation exchange membranes 4 and a plurality of anion exchange membranes 5 are alternately arranged and arranged on both outer sides of the alternating arrangement. The raw water is passed into the treatment tank 1 constituted by the anode plate 2 and the cathode plate 3, and a direct current is passed between the anode plate 2 and the cathode plate 3, and the cation exchange membrane 4 A method of softening water, characterized in that the hardness component in the raw water is separated and removed via the and the anion exchange membrane 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26210394A JPH08103773A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1994-09-30 | Water softening treatment method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26210394A JPH08103773A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1994-09-30 | Water softening treatment method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08103773A true JPH08103773A (en) | 1996-04-23 |
Family
ID=17371085
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26210394A Pending JPH08103773A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1994-09-30 | Water softening treatment method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH08103773A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20140042956A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-08 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Apparatus for concentrating sea water and method thereof |
| JP2014073437A (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2014-04-24 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | Electric deionized water production device and operating method thereof |
| JP2015083287A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | オルガノ株式会社 | Electro-type deionized water production apparatus and method for operating the same |
-
1994
- 1994-09-30 JP JP26210394A patent/JPH08103773A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20140042956A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-08 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Apparatus for concentrating sea water and method thereof |
| JP2014073437A (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2014-04-24 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | Electric deionized water production device and operating method thereof |
| JP2015083287A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | オルガノ株式会社 | Electro-type deionized water production apparatus and method for operating the same |
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