JPH0763279B2 - Plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention promotes the growth of plants in a preferable state by controlling well-balanced conditions of temperature, humidity, and light, which are the essential conditions for cultivating plants. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a plant, which can improve productivity and reduce production cost.

[Problems to be Solved by Prior Art and Invention]

For example, in the case of conventional seedling growth, for example, the growth of grafted larvae formed by grafting ears on a rootstock, the ears are usually grafted onto a potted rootstock and then the natural environment is used. I was going to grow under.

However, in the natural world, there are not only sunny days but also cloudy days and rainy days, so the sunshine duration and light intensity are not constant, especially in winter and early spring, and the sunshine duration is short and the light is weak. In addition, even in the greenhouse cultivation, the light conditions, temperature conditions, and humidity conditions necessary for growth can be adjusted by adjusting to the individual plants, even if it is greenhouse cultivation. I couldn't control it well. Therefore, conventionally, there has been a problem that productivity of grafted seedlings is poor and production cost is increased, such that the grafting seedlings have a poor survival rate and require a long time for survival.

The present invention allows the growth of seedlings to be smoothly performed, such as solving the problems of controlling the temperature, humidity, and light conditions in a well-balanced manner, and also makes the cultivation management during acclimation and germination reliable and easy. It is intended to provide a method for cultivating a plant.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

One aspect of the method for cultivating a plant according to the present invention is, when cultivating a plant in a substantially closed inner chamber 3 housed in an outer chamber 2 formed by an enclosure 1 having a light-shielding property. After accommodating the plant in the inner chamber 3, the temperature of the water stored in the water chamber 18 installed in the inner chamber 3 is controlled by a temperature control device 19 attached to the water chamber 18. By raising or lowering by operation, the cold water is also made to flow through the cooling pipe 20 housed in the inner chamber 3, thereby setting the temperature in the inner chamber to a temperature suitable for the cultivation conditions of the plant. By operating the temperature control device 19 to evaporate an appropriate amount of water in the water storage tank 18, the humidity in the inner chamber is set to a humidity suitable for the plant cultivation conditions. Further, the illumination lamp 29 provided in the outer vacant chamber 2 is lit for a certain period of time to create a time zone corresponding to daytime in the natural world, while the illumination lamp 29 is
Is turned off for a certain period of time to create a time zone corresponding to night in the natural world, and this day time zone and night time zone are alternately repeated a required number of times.

In another aspect of the method for cultivating a plant according to the present invention, the plant is cultivated in a substantially closed inner chamber 3 housed in an outer chamber 2 formed by a light-shielding surrounding wall 1. At the time of storing the plants in the inner space 3, the inner space 3
By raising or lowering the temperature of the water stored in the water storage tank 18 installed therein by the operation of the temperature control device 19 attached to the water storage tank 18, the temperature in the inner chamber is cultivated for plants. While setting the temperature to suit the conditions;
By operating the temperature control device 19 to evaporate the water in the water storage tank 18 in an appropriate amount, the cooling device 26 cools the inner vacant chamber 3 from the outside while sequentially evaporating the water in the water storage tank 18 as well. By generating fog in the inner chamber, the humidity in the inner chamber is set to a humidity suitable for plant cultivation conditions. Further, the illumination lamp 29 provided in the outer vacant chamber 2 is turned on for a certain period of time to create a time zone corresponding to daytime in nature, while the illumination lamp 29 is turned off for a certain period of time to correspond to nighttime in the natural world. Is made, and the time period corresponding to the day and the time period corresponding to the night are alternately repeated a required number of times.

In another aspect of the method for cultivating a plant according to the present invention, the plant is cultivated in a substantially closed inner chamber 3 housed in an outer chamber 2 formed by an enclosure 1 having a light shielding property. In this case, after the plants are housed in the inner chamber 3, the temperature of the water stored in the water chamber 18 stored in the inner chamber 3 is adjusted by the temperature control device 19 attached to the water chamber 18. The temperature inside the inner chamber is set to a temperature adapted to the cultivation condition of the plant by raising or lowering the inner chamber by raising the temperature of the cooling pipe 20 installed in the inner chamber 3 together with the cooling water. With; water tank by the operation of the temperature control device 19
By evaporating an appropriate amount of water in 18, the water tank
By cooling the inner empty chamber 3 from the outside by a cooling device 26 while sequentially evaporating the water in 18 to generate fog in the inner empty chamber, the humidity in the inner empty chamber is adjusted to a humidity suitable for plant cultivation conditions. Set to. An illumination lamp 29 provided in the outer vacant chamber 2 is turned on for a certain period of time to create a time zone corresponding to daytime in the natural world, while the illumination lamp 29 is turned off for a certain period of time to create a time zone corresponding to night in the natural world. It is characterized in that the daytime-equivalent time zone and the night-equivalent time zone are alternately repeated a required number of times.

〔Example〕

 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The plant P to be cultivated is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and FIG. 5, inside a substantially sealed inner chamber 3 housed in an outer chamber 2 formed by an enclosure 1 having a light-shielding property. Housed in. As shown in FIG. 3, the outer space 2 is formed as, for example, a vertically long rectangular parallelepiped space. Further, the inner space 3 is, as shown in FIGS. 1-2 and 4, the outer space 2
It is provided in the inside so as to extend over substantially the entire length thereof, and its ceiling portion 5 is formed in a translucent arch shape. The opening portions 6a, 6b at both ends thereof can be closed by the opening / closing lids 7a, 7b, and the inside is substantially sealed when the opening / closing lids 7a, 7b are closed. There is. In addition, a guide rail 10 for traveling a dolly 9 is provided in the inner space 3.
Are provided in the longitudinal direction, and the plant P, for example, grafted larvae
The carriage 9 on which the storage box 12 in which 11 is stored is placed can be moved from the inlet side opening 6a toward the outlet side opening 6b by the transfer device 13. When the plant P to be cultivated is a grafted seedling, as shown in FIG. 6, it is rooted in the required condition at the cut end of the root cutting 14 and its vicinity, and after this, The ears 15 are preferably grafted to the rootstock, and as shown in FIG. 7, the ears 15 are preferably arranged in close contact with each other on the water retaining mat 16 of the storage box 12 and stored in the storage box 12.

Temperature condition and humidity condition in the inner chamber 3 after the plants are accommodated in the inner chamber 3 through the opening 6a on the inlet side of the inner chamber 3 and the chamber 3 is in a substantially sealed state. The light conditions are controlled as follows in conformity with the plant cultivation conditions.

Temperature control in the inner chamber 3 The temperature in the inner chamber 3 is controlled by raising or lowering the temperature of the water stored in the water tank 18 by the operation of the temperature control device 19, thereby radiating and absorbing heat of the stored water. It is performed by using the action. If necessary, cold water is caused to flow in the cooling pipe 20 to lower the room temperature. This will be described more concretely after describing the configurations of the water storage tank 18, the temperature control device 19, and the cooling pipe 20, respectively, and then dividing the cases.

The water storage tank 18 is, as shown in FIGS.
It is preferable to form a tray-like shape that is installed over the entire length of the bottom of the. Further, the temperature control device 19 is preferably configured as a temperature control pipe 21 through which the temperature control liquid flows, and for example, it is preferable that the temperature control device 19 includes a hot water pipe 21a through which hot water flows and a cold water pipe 21b through which cold water flows. These pipes may be stored in the water tank 18 in a state where the whole is submerged in the stored water, but the lower half portion 22 of the lower pipe exists in the water and the upper portion thereof is substantially More preferably, it is installed in the water tank 18 so that the half portion 15 is exposed in the air. Also, the cooling pipe 20 is the inner space 3
It is preferably formed as a meandering tube through which cold water is flown, which is arranged so as to cover the upper side of the inside.

However, if it is necessary to raise the temperature inside the inner chamber,
Hot water is caused to flow through the hot water pipe 21a, whereby the temperature of the stored water is raised and the room temperature is raised by the heat radiation effect of the heated stored water. Moreover, the air in the air chamber is directly heated by the aerial exposed portion 23 on the upper side of the hot water pipe 21a.

On the other hand, when it is necessary to lower the temperature in the inner chamber, cold water is caused to flow through the cold water pipe 21b and, if necessary, cold water is caused to flow through the cooling pipe 20. Thereby, the temperature of the stored water is lowered, and the room temperature is lowered by the endothermic action of the cooled stored water. And cooling pipe 21b
The air in the chamber is directly cooled by the aerial exposed portion 23 on the upper side of. The cooling pipe 20 is convenient to use when the temperature in the inner air chamber is particularly increased due to the influence of the rise of the outside temperature, and the cooling water pipe has the endothermic action.
It complements the cooling capacity of 21b and contributes to lowering the room temperature to the set temperature as soon as possible.

Humidity Control in Inner Chamber The humidity in the inner chamber is controlled by causing hot water to flow through the hot water pipe 21a to raise the temperature of the water in the water storage tank and evaporate a suitable amount of water. Also, if necessary, a sprinkler pipe 25 is disposed on the upper side of the longitudinal center portion of the ceiling part 5 of the inner empty chamber and is arranged over substantially the entire length of the inner empty chamber 3.
The cooling device 26 including the
This is performed by sprinkling cold water toward the left and right of the ceiling portion 5 to cool the inner empty chamber 3 from the outside thereof and generate fog in the inner empty chamber. The cooling device 26
Is used when the inside of the vacant chamber cannot be dried only by evaporation of water in the water tank by the hot water pipe 21a.

Light control in the inner chamber The light in the inner chamber is controlled by turning on the illumination lamp because the outer chamber 2 is formed by the surrounding wall having a light shielding property.
It can be done freely by turning off the lights. The illuminating lamps 29 are preferably arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction on the lower surface of the ceiling of the outer chamber 2. Then, when the illumination lamp 29 is turned on, light is emitted from the ceiling portion 5 of the inner empty chamber 3 into the inner empty chamber 3, and a state corresponding to daytime in the natural world is created. Another lighting 29
When is turned off, a state corresponding to night in nature is created. Then, the illuminance, the time for turning on and off the illumination lamp, and the number of times of repeating the turning on and off of the illumination lamp are set to the optimum ones in consideration of the cultivation conditions of the plant.

Next, the experimental results of growing grafted larvae of watermelon and tomato by the cultivation method according to the present invention are shown.

In the case of watermelons Set the temperature inside the inner chamber to 20 to 25 ° C (the temperature difference between the daytime equivalent state when the illumination lamp is on and the night equivalent state when the illumination lamp is off is 3 to 5 ° C), and the humidity is approximately 90%. We set a time zone equivalent to daytime and a time zone equivalent to night each for 6 hours, and decided to use one day for two days. We also set the illuminance to 3000 to 6000 lux and grew it for about two days. I was able to grow a grafted seedling that was fully thriving. It should be noted that, when it was grown by the conventional method, it usually took about 4 days, and the number of growing days could be shortened to about 1/2.

In the case of tomatoes The temperature inside the inner chamber is set to 18-23 ° C (the temperature difference between the daytime state when the light is on and the night-time state when the light is off is 4-6 ° C), and the humidity is approximately 90%. We set the time zone for daytime and the time zone for night to be 6 hours each, and use one day for two days. Also, the illuminance is 3000 to 4000 looks on the first day and 6000 on the second day. As a result of growing the plant to 8,000 lux on the 3rd day, about 12,000 lux, and on the 4th day, about 15,000 lux, it was possible to grow a grafted seedling that had fully grown in about 4 days. When the conventional method was used for growth, it took about 8 days for the growth, and the number of growth days could be reduced to about half.

〔The invention's effect〕

The cultivation method according to the present invention makes it possible to control the temperature, humidity, and light conditions, which are the main conditions for cultivating a plant, in a well-balanced manner by best matching the conditions for cultivating the individual plant.

Therefore, it is possible to improve the survival rate and shorten the survival time in fields that have been particularly problematic in terms of productivity and production cost depending on natural weather conditions, such as the growth of grafted larvae. Further, it is possible to steadily and easily perform culturing management when acclimatizing the tissue culture and germination of seeds requiring a special environment.

From the above, according to the present invention, the growth of plants can be promoted in a preferable state, and productivity can be improved and production cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 5 are explanatory views for explaining a method for cultivating a plant according to the present invention, FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a grafted larva, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view for explaining a condition of the grafted larvae stored in a storage box. It is a figure. 1 …… Enclosure, 2 …… Outside vacancy, 3 …… Inside vacancy, 18 ……
Water tank, 19 …… Temperature control device, 20 …… Cooling pipe, 29 …… Lighting lamp.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A substantially hermetically sealed inner chamber 3 housed in an outer chamber 2 formed by a light-shielding surrounding wall 1.
When cultivating the plant inside, after accommodating the plant in the inner chamber 3, the temperature of the water stored in the water chamber 18 stored in the inner chamber 3 is attached to the water chamber 18. By raising or lowering the temperature by controlling the temperature controller 19, the cold water is also flowed through the cooling pipe 20 housed in the inner chamber 3, so that the temperature in the inner chamber becomes a plant cultivation condition. In addition to setting a suitable temperature, by evaporating an appropriate amount of water in the water storage tank 18 by the operation of the temperature control device 19, the humidity inside the inner chamber is set to a humidity suitable for the plant cultivation conditions, and An illumination lamp 29 provided in the outer vacant chamber 2 is turned on for a certain period of time to create a time zone corresponding to daytime in the natural world, while the illumination lamp 29 is turned off for a certain period of time to create a time zone corresponding to night in the natural world. , Alternating between daytime and nighttime A method for cultivating a plant, which is characterized by repeating a number of times. 2. A substantially hermetically sealed inner chamber 3 housed in an outer chamber 2 formed by a light-shielding surrounding wall 1.
When cultivating the plant inside, after accommodating the plant in the inner chamber 3, the temperature of the water stored in the water chamber 18 stored in the inner chamber 3 is attached to the water chamber 18. By operating the temperature controller 19 to raise or lower the temperature, the temperature inside the inner chamber is set to a temperature suitable for the cultivation conditions of the plant, and the water in the water tank 18 is operated by operating the temperature controller 19. By evaporating an appropriate amount of water, the water inside the water storage tank 18 is also sequentially vaporized, and the inside air chamber 3 is cooled from the outside by the cooling device 26 to generate fog in the inside air chamber. Is set to a humidity suitable for the cultivation condition of the plant, and an illumination lamp 29 provided in the outer chamber 2 is lit for a certain period of time to create a time zone corresponding to daytime in the natural world. Turn off 29 for a certain amount of time, at night in nature Create a time zone a person to, cultivation method of the plant which is characterized by repeated required number of times this noon considerable time zone and corresponding time zone night alternately. 3. A substantially hermetically sealed inner chamber 3 housed in an outer chamber 2 formed by an enclosure 1 having a light shielding property.
When cultivating the plant inside, after accommodating the plant in the inner chamber 3, the temperature of the water stored in the water chamber 18 stored in the inner chamber 3 is attached to the water chamber 18. By raising or lowering the temperature by controlling the temperature controller 19, the cold water is also flowed through the cooling pipe 20 housed in the inner chamber 3, so that the temperature in the inner chamber becomes a plant cultivation condition. The inner temperature of the inner chamber 3 is set by the cooling device 26 while the water temperature in the water storage tank 18 is vaporized in an appropriate amount by setting the temperature to a suitable temperature and by operating the temperature control device 19. Is cooled from the outside to generate fog in the inner chamber, so that the humidity in the inner chamber is set to a humidity suitable for the cultivation conditions of the plant, and the illumination lamp 29 provided in the outer chamber 2 is set. Lights for a certain period of time and corresponds to daytime in nature Make the other hand, create a time zone that corresponds to the night in the natural world and the lamp 29 is turned off a certain period of time, a method of cultivating plants which is characterized by repeated required number of times this noon considerable time zone and corresponding time zone night alternately.