RU166488U1 - THERMAL CAMERA FOR DRY AIR THERMOTHERAPY OF VEGETABLE PLANTS AND GARDENED PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat chamber for dry-air thermotherapy of vegetative plants and cuttings of garden plants, characterized in that the heat chamber contains a heat-insulating interchangeable plate with holes of different diameters, designed to grow both the whole plant and its parts, dividing the heat chamber into upper and lower compartments, a bath with running water installed in the lower part of the heat chamber, and the camera body is made of two-layer plastic, between the layers of which there is a thermally insulating material, and in the upper compartment infrared cameras and infrared lamps are located on the ceiling

Description

The heat chamber for dry-air thermotherapy of vegetative garden plants and their cuttings relates to agriculture - to the nursery industry, in particular to the production of healthy planting material for garden crops. A heat chamber is a closed structure and technical means for creating an artificial microclimate in it.

In nursery for the inactivation of viral particles and the release of individual plant organs from a viral infection, the most widely used method of air heat treatment of vegetative plants (Technological process for producing virus-free material: guidelines / comp .: V.I. Kashin, A.A. Borisova, Yu. N. Prikhodko et al. M.: VSTISP, 2001). It consists in the following: plants are rooted in pots with a nutrient substrate and placed in special chambers with adjustable temperature from + 32 ° C to + 40 ° C and air humidity up to 90%. Barabash T.N. et al. (1995) propose the use of thermotherapy in microclonal propagation (Barabash T.N., Radilova L.D., Blenda V.F. Thermotherapy in microclonal propagation // Modern problems of fruit growing: abstract of international scientific conference. , dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Bel.- Research Institute for Fruit Growing; October 9-13, 1995. Samokhvalovichi, 1995.P. 128). Turcan I.G. (1989) considers the effectiveness of thermotherapy in the propagation of grapes in vitro (Turcan I.G. Chamber for thermotherapy of grapes in vitro // Horticulture and Viticulture of Moldova. 1989. No. 1. P. 43-44).

Success in this case depends on the heat resistance of the viruses that infected the treated plants. Viruses exempt individual organs or only the tops of the stem, overgrown during heat treatment. Such tips are grafted onto virus-free seedlings or used for in vitro culture.

For this purpose, various devices and techniques are used. So, Ahmet S. et al. (1977) give an example of the possibility of using commercially available artificial climate systems and phytotrons for these purposes (Ahmet S., Vertesi Yu., Beya D. Technology for growing virus-free planting material for fruit crops and grapes. Chisinau, 1977 . S. 37-43). Containers (pots) with soil substrate in which plants are planted are installed on racks. The installation maintains a constant temperature up to + 40 ° C and air humidity up to 90%. The end of the recovery period is determined by the heat tolerance of the plant.

A significant drawback of artificial climate installations and phytotrons is that they do not have a root thermostat, which is of great importance for plant life at constant elevated ambient temperatures.

Most researchers working in the field of dry air thermotherapy of vegetative plants use home-made designs in their work. So, for example, I.G. Turcan (1972) used in his work as a heat chamber "... a double-glazed building with dimensions of 2.4 × 2.2 × 1.6 meters (I. Turcan. Development of the method of thermal disinfection of strawberries from a viral infection // Ways to increase fruit yield crops and grapes. Chisinau, 1972. Part 2. P. 82-89). For additional illumination, there were 12 40-watt fluorescent lamps and four 60-watt incandescent lamps inside the chamber. In addition, four 200-watt incandescent lamps are installed outside the heat chamber, above the roof. The power of the heating elements of the chamber is 6 kW. In the central part of the heat chamber there is a rack on which plants are placed. ” Humidity in this installation is automatically adjusted. However, this device was not reliable in operation, it was not equipped with root thermostats as well as commercially available installations of artificial climate.

Closest to the proposed universal device for dry-air thermotherapy of vegetative plants is a heat chamber mounted in the biotechnology laboratory of the Crimean OSS (T. Kosheleva Use of a heat chamber for the treatment of fruit and berry crops from viral diseases // Tr. L., 1983.Vol. 77.S. 89-91).

After technical improvements (Podorozhny V.N., 2012), carried out during operation, the heat chamber was a room with a total volume of 12 m ³ , with double bulkheads to improve thermal insulation, mounted in a compartment of a glazed winter greenhouse (Podorozhny V.N. A device for dry-air thermotherapy of fruit crops // Fruit growing and berry growing in Russia. M., 2012. V. 32, part 1. S. 336-341). The bulkheads of the chamber, above one meter from the floor, and the ceiling were made of glass to provide the best illumination in the daytime. The camera was in semi-automatic mode. To maintain a stable high temperature, heaters are installed in it, which are frames with a POSHP-1.1 wire stretched over them. TPK-1 contact thermometers served as temperature sensors both in the shoot zone and in the zone of the root system. Humidity in the chamber is provided by evaporators. Temperature and humidity control in the shoot zone was carried out by a mechanical weekly thermograph and hygrograph.

Particular attention when finalizing the heat chamber was paid to creating a negative temperature gradient for the plant growing in it. The aboveground parts and roots of the plant live in different environments and have a biological personality, expressed in various requirements for environmental conditions, especially temperature. Exploring the temperature gradients of the habitat of plants, Radchenko S.I. (1966) showed that they develop better with a negative temperature gradient, that is, when the soil temperature is 6-8 ° C (and even 10-12 ° C) lower than air temperature (Radchenko S.I. Temperature gradients of the medium and plants. L., 1966.369 s.). A negative temperature gradient in the chamber was achieved by applying cold running water to the housing of the vegetation vessels circulating through 9 mm copper tubes. The vessels themselves were in a thermally insulated table, inside which there is a fan, additionally cooling the soil. In order to control the temperature of the soil substrate, a TPK-1 contact thermometer located in a vessel with a substrate was used.

For illumination in the dark and cloudy days, DRLF lamps, controlled by the daily programmer, were turned on. When the set temperature in the chamber was exceeded, the fan was turned on.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity and cumbersome design, difficult to control temperature fluctuations in the spring and summer due to increased solar insolation, which is unacceptable during dry air thermotherapy, as well as the presence of a large number of various devices that are not reliable.

The proposed device, created at the Crimean experimental breeding station VIR, is used to heal the growing plant material of garden crops from viral infection at an elevated temperature in the shoot zone. During operation of the heat chamber due to technical means, it provides an artificial microclimate for growing plants in it with the specified parameters of temperature, humidity and lighting.

The technical result of the utility model is simplicity and reliability, as well as accelerated growth of shoots at elevated temperatures with the creation of a negative temperature gradient in the zone of the basal part for the growing plant (or part of it - shoot) in a room closed from sunlight, which eliminates sharp temperature fluctuations during the whole year.

A heat chamber differs from an analogue in that it has a heat-insulating interchangeable plate with holes of different diameters, designed to grow both the whole plant and its parts, and a bath with running water, as well as the fact that the camera body is made of two-layer plastic located between layers of thermally insulating material, and infrared and LED lamps are placed in the upper compartment of the heat chamber.

The technical result is achieved by creating conditions to ensure effective shoot growth through a camera with dimensions of 1200 × 1400 × 780 mm with equipment.

The body of the heat chamber is made of two-layer plastic, between the layers of which there is a thermally insulating material (sandwich panel). Inside the chamber there is a thermally insulating interchangeable plate (figure 2, p. 11), with holes of various diameters: from 20.0 mm to 100.0-300.0 mm (figure 1, p. 3), which allows cultivation as a whole plant, growing in a vessel, as well as a stalk in a nutrient solution, as well as microplants and micrograins grown in culture vessels in vitro. A thermally insulating interchangeable plate divides the heat chamber into two compartments (upper and lower), serves as an insulator and consists of a two-layer material: the upper part is textolite (figure 1, p. 1), the lower is foamed polyurethane (figure 1, p. 2).

The heat chamber is equipped with an infrared heater (figures 2 and 3, p. 7), three evaporators (figures 2 and 3, p. 8) and a fan (figures 2 and 3, p. 9), providing a stable air temperature in the upper part from +35 up to + 39 ° C, and in the lower basal - from +22 to 24 ± 1 ° C with an ambient humidity of 70-80%. To ensure a negative temperature gradient, a bath with running water is installed in the lower part of the chamber (figure 2, p. 12), which cools the vessels. Maintenance of air temperature occurs automatically in a predetermined range using an electric temperature sensor, for which an infrared heater is installed in the chamber - an infrared lamp with a power of 100 W, which is included in the power supply through a temperature relay - a typical temperature regulator TP 515 (figures 2 and 3, p. 6) . Uniform heating of the air in the chamber is ensured by a fan blocked by switching on and off with an infrared lamp.

Lighting in the chamber is carried out by LED lamps (figures 2 and 3, p. 10) located inside the upper compartment, on the ceiling part, which are turned on by the daily programmer (figures 2 and 3, p. 4). The use of LEDs eliminates the additional heating of the room, while increasing the luminous flux. Depending on the need, at a certain stage of therapy, the required level of lighting, the required number of LEDs is turned on.

The combination of LEDs with an infrared lamp in the proposed device allows you to achieve the closest approximation to the spectrum of sunlight.

High humidity (70-80%) in the chamber is ensured by the evaporation of water from cuvettes with woven filters - evaporators and is controlled by a VENTS-1-60 humidity sensor (Figures 2 and 3, p. 5), integrated into the control unit.

Outside on the removable brackets are two fluorescent lamps (the so-called "Kososvet") with a total power of 160 W with reflective screens. They can be replaced by LED. The frequency of their inclusion is set using the daily programmer in automatic mode.

To carry out thermotherapy, depending on the material (in vitro plants, shoots or whole vegetative plants), a heat-insulating interchangeable plate with the corresponding hole diameter is located inside the heat chamber. Plants are placed in the upper compartment for the plant material of the heat chamber (Figure 3, p. 13), in which the necessary parameters for thermotherapy are set (temperature, humidity and light). Running water is supplied to the basal cooling bath.

The advantage of a heat chamber is reliability, ease of manufacture, and safe operation.

It is located indoors without daylight and includes technical means for creating an artificial microclimate, which contributes to the effective release of parts of a vegetative plant from a viral infection. All equipment operates in a semi-automatic mode (figures 4, 5, 6).

The proposed utility model guarantees the provision of optimal conditions for dry-air thermotherapy of plant material of garden plants.

Brief Description of the Drawings

1 - textolite (10 mm);

2 - foamed polyurethane (50 mm);

3 - hole ⌀ 20 mm, or ⌀ 100 mm, or ⌀ 400 mm;

4 - daily time relay (programmer);

5 - humidity sensor;

6 - temperature relay;

7 - infrared heater;

8 - evaporator;

9 - fan;

10 - fluorescent lamps or LED;

11 - thermally insulating removable plate (see Fig. 1);

12 - a bath with running water;

13 - upper compartment for plant material.

Claims (1)

A heat chamber for dry-air thermotherapy of vegetative plants and cuttings of garden plants, characterized in that the heat chamber contains a heat-insulating interchangeable plate with holes of different diameters, designed to grow both the whole plant and its parts, dividing the heat chamber into upper and lower compartments, a bath with running water installed in the lower part of the heat chamber, and the camera body is made of two-layer plastic, between the layers of which there is a thermally insulating material, and in the upper compartment infrared cameras and infrared lamps are located on the ceiling

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