JPH0748266A - Antibacterial feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an antibacterial feed comprising a mixture of chitin and chitosan, having excellent properties for the prophylaxis of infection, growth of body weight in breeding and improvement of physical constitution and useful for livestock, poultry, cultured fishes, etc. CONSTITUTION:This antibacterial feed is obtained by compounding preferably <=5wt.% of a mixture, at the ratio preferably of 1/9-5/5, of chitin and chitosan on the other feed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an anti-disease feed which can be fed to livestock, poultry and fish farming to impart anti-disease properties and maintain health, and to promote and improve breeding.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-55487 discloses that chitin is orally administered to guinea pigs as an immunostimulant to promote humoral immunity and cellular immunity. On the other hand, chitosan is used as a raw material for foods or medical products, or is used for the method of isolating cytoplasmic proteins from aqueous plant materials by utilizing its adsorptivity, or as a shape-retaining agent for fish feed and a binder during granular fertilizer production. Furthermore, it is known that it is used as a protective film for preventing active ingredients such as amino acids in ruminant feed from being decomposed by rumen microorganisms.

[0003]

However, it can be fed to livestock, poultry and fish farms to remarkably improve its anti-disease property, can be raised in good health, and can increase weight and shorten the number of fattening days. An anti-disease-based feed capable of improving the color and luster of soybean has not been developed so far, and its development is desired.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an anti-disease feed satisfying the above-mentioned needs, which comprises a mixture of chitin and chitosan.

[0005]

The anti-diseased feed comprising the mixture of chitin and chitosan of the present invention has a lymphocyte stimulating effect remarkably increased as compared with the case of feeding chitin alone or chitosan alone, as will be clarified below. In addition, the effect of increasing the weight of livestock, poultry, and fish, and the improvement of the luster of the body surface and the coat of livestock are observed.

The mixing ratio of chitin and chitosan is 1: 9-
In the range of 5: 5, the effect is sufficiently obtained in the compounded feed at about 5% or less. A chitin derivative or a chitosan derivative can be added to the mixture, and it is also effective to replace some or all of chitin or chitosan in the mixture with these derivatives.

[0007]

EXAMPLES Next, examples of the present invention will be described. Chitin various derivatives thereof, chitosan or various derivatives thereof used in the present invention can be obtained by any known method, and may be a natural product or a synthetic product. For example, chitin and chitosan are manufactured as follows. Briefly, the crab shell is decalcified by dilute hydrochloric acid treatment, deproteinized by dilute alkali treatment, washed with water and dried to obtain chitin. Further, chitosan can be obtained by treating chitin with concentrated alkali to decompose it into chitosan, washing with water and drying.

The following experiments were conducted using the chitin and chitosan thus obtained.

(1) Lymphocytes in vitro
Juvenile test After sonicating the respective bulk powders of chitin and chitosan obtained by the above method, it was confirmed by a sterility test that there was no contamination of various bacteria, and the sterile bulk chitin powder and chitosan bulk powder were confirmed. , A mixture of chitin bulk powder and chitosan bulk powder bulk powder and 3
Prepare various kinds of bulk powder, and for each of them, first
A lymphocyte blast transformation test in vitro was performed as follows. The spleen was extracted from the mouse, crushed on a mesh, and lymphocytes were taken out. After that, the red blood cells are lysed and washed, and then the cells are suspended in a culture medium in each container. Further, as a sample, a preparation liquid prepared by preparing each of the above-mentioned three types of powdered feed powder at a constant concentration of 100 μg is prepared. The mixture added and mixed with the culture solution was incubated at 37 ° C. and 5% CO ₂ , respectively. After culturing, the culture supernatant separated by centrifugation is collected in a sample tube, and an automatic analyzer (COBAS MIR) is used.
A, manufactured by Roche) was used to measure the amount of glucose in the culture supernatant. The reagent used was a glucose measuring kit manufactured by Wako. The results obtained are from the following S. I value (st
imulation index). Separately,
The value of the control group, which was cultured in the culture solution prepared in the same manner as above without adding the feed, was set as 100 and displayed as an index.

[0010]

[Equation 1] Glucose consumption (mg / dl) = glucose amount of sample-free culture supernatant (mg / dl) -glucose amount of sample-added culture supernatant (mg / dl)

[0011]

[Equation 2]

The results are shown in FIG. As is clear from this, chitin alone, chitosan alone, the culture added with each of the mixture of chitin and chitosan, compared with the culture without addition (control), the improvement of lymphocyte blast transformation activation is observed, In particular, it was confirmed that when the mixture of chitin and chitosan was added, the effect of activating the aging was significantly improved as compared with the case where chitin or chitosan was added alone.

The same test was carried out by changing the addition amount of each of the above, but in the same manner as described above, the effect of activating the lymphocyte blastogenesis by the addition of the mixture of chitin and chitosan. It was remarkable in comparison. In this mixture, when the same test was tried while changing the compounding amounts of chitin and chitosan variously, chitin to chitosan were 1: 9.
It has been found that a ratio of ~ 5: 5 is preferred.

Next, as a sample, a chitin derivative consisting of chitin sulfate, a chitosan derivative consisting of chitosan sulfate and a mixture of the chitin derivative and the chitosan derivative were used, and the same test as above was conducted. As shown in FIG. 2, the results obtained clearly show that the effect of activating blastogenesis of lymphocytes was remarkable when the mixture of the chitin derivative and the chitosan derivative was used.

(2) Oral administration of lymphocyte activation
Test From the test result of the above (1), a fixed amount of a mixture of chitin and chitosan bulk powder, which had a remarkable lymphocyte stimulating effect, was directly administered once into the stomach of a mouse. After 3 days, the spleen of the mouse was taken out and treated with lymphocytes in the same manner as in (2) above. After adding concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen to each culture solution, the culture was incubated at 37 ° C. and 5% CO ₂ . After the culture, the glucose content was measured in the same manner as above, and S. The I value was determined. The result is shown in FIG. As is clear from the comparison graph of the mixture-administered group and the non-administered group (control group) in FIG. 3, the effect of activating lymphocyte blastogenesis by oral administration by adding the mixture of chitin and chitosan was remarkably observed. In addition, when chitin alone or chitosan alone was administered to a mouse and a colleague as above, S. I
The values were 13 ± 3 and 16 ± 2, respectively.

(3) Protective Effect Test Against Infection of Escherichia coli A raw powder mixture of chitin and chitosan was orally administered to each mouse in the test group, and 24 hours later, 1 MLD of E. coli was intravenously inoculated to each mouse. From the next day, the daily survival rate of the mice was calculated for 7 days. For comparison, sterile PBS was orally administered to each mouse in the control group, and 24 hours later, 1 MLD of Escherichia coli was inoculated into each mouse intravenously, and the daily survival rate was determined in the same manner as above. The result is shown in FIG. As is clear from the figure, the survival rate of the mice orally administered with the mixture of chitin and chitosan after 7 days was 60%. On the other hand, that of the control group which was not administered was only 10%. From this, it was confirmed that oral administration of a mixture of chitin and chitosan has an anti-disease effect against Escherichia coli which causes septic disease, and significantly increases the survival rate.
Although not shown in the figure, for comparison, chitin alone and chitosan alone were similarly orally administered and the same E. coli infection test was conducted, but the survival rate was only about 40%.

(4) Oral administration test to pigs A mixture of chitin and chitosan was used as a feed and 0.0
We prepared 4 kinds of compounded feeds with different addition amounts of 05%, 0.05%, 0.5% and 5% respectively, and used each of the compounded feeds to each 20 field piglets in each test section. They were fed from birth to shipment, and tested for their weight gain effect, meat quality improvement, and health condition. Similarly, the feed without the mixture was similarly fed to the field piglets in the control group. The results are shown in FIG. 5 and Table 1 below.

[0018]

[Table 1]

As is clear from FIG. 5 and Table 1, the pigs in the control group with no addition were 120 days old and weighed 56.2.
While it was Kg, the addition of the mixture of chitin and chitosan was found to increase the body weight more than the control without addition. Especially, 61.5K even with 0.05% addition
g, and at 0.5%, a remarkable increase of 65 Kg was observed. At the same time, improvements in the body surface such as color and luster of the body surface were clearly recognized. As a comparison, when chitin alone and chitosan alone were given as a blended sample in the same manner as above, the body weight was about 1 Kg less on average than when the mixture was fed.

(5) Oral Administration Test to Calves A compounded feed prepared by adding 0.5% of a mixture of chitin and chitosan was added to 10 male dairy calves at 14 days old in each test group. They were paid for a week and tested for weight gain. The result is shown in FIG. As is clear from the figure, the average weight of calves in the non-administered control group was as low as 73.5 kg, whereas the average weight of calves in the test group to which the mixture of chitin and chitosan was added was 79.5 kg. A remarkable weight gain effect was observed in the control group. As for clinical symptoms, diarrhea was occasionally seen in the non-administered control group, but not at all in the chitin / chitosan mixture-added group. The weight gain effect was only 76 kg when the compound feed containing 0.5% chitin alone and chitosan alone was fed. This weight gain effect is extremely significant in actual livestock management.

(6) Oral administration test to chickens A feed mixture containing 0.5% of a mixture of chitin and chitosan was fed to each chunky broiler in the test group from 3 to 8 weeks of age, The weight gain effect was tested. The result is shown in FIG. 7. As is clear from the figure, there was no difference in body weight between the test group and the control group until the age of 3 weeks, but thereafter, a test in which a mixture of chitin and chitosan was added at each age of weeks The average weight of the broilers in the group was higher than that of the non-administered control group, and the average weight of the non-administered control group was 20 at 8 weeks of age.
While the amount was 00 g, the weight of the experimental group to which the mixture of chitin and chitosan was added was 2200 g, which was clearly increased. When the compounded feed prepared by adding 0.5% chitin alone and chitosan alone to the feed was fed in the same manner as above, the average body weight at 8 weeks of age was 2100 g. This weight gain effect is extremely significant in actual chicken management.

(7) Oral Administration Test to Cultured Shrimp A compounded feed prepared by adding 0.5% of a mixture of chitin and chitosan to 50 tiger prawns (body weight: about 0.01 g) was fed for 1 week, and then for 70 days. After that, the cells were immersed in about 107 CFU / ml of Vibrio bacterium, and then the survival rate for 10 days was examined.
The result is shown in FIG. As is clear from the figure, the survival rate of 50 shrimp in the non-administered control group was only 20%, whereas the survival rate of the test group fed with the mixture of chitin and chitosan was as high as 70%. confirmed. still,
The survival rate is 50 when the chitin alone and the chitosan alone are added to each of the mixed feeds in which 0.5% is added in the same manner.
It was only%. Similarly, 50 rainbow trout with an average body weight of 20 g were fed with the same mixed 5% mixture feed as above, and 4 weeks later, the same infection test as above was carried out, after which the survival rate for 10 days was confirmed. The survival rate of 50 rainbow trouts in the non-administered control group was 40%, whereas the survival rate of the test group fed with the mixture of chitin and chitosan was 90%, which was a high value. From these results,
It was confirmed that the feeding of the mixture of chitin and chitosan was also effective in protecting against fish disease bacterial infection. In addition, chitin alone,
When each of the compounded feeds containing 0.5% of chitosan alone was similarly fed, the survival rate was only 70%.

In addition to the above, as livestock feeding the above-mentioned mixture feed of the present invention, horses, sheep, goats, rabbits, minks, etc., as poultry, quail, aigamo, etc. These include trout, sweetfish, eel, and hamachi.

Even in the case of a mixture in which all or part of chitin is replaced with chitin derivatives and all or part of chitosan is replaced with chitosan derivatives, the same effect as the mixture of chitin and chitosan is obtained. As each of the derivatives, one kind or two or more kinds of various kinds of derivatives obtained by a known derivative forming method such as a sulfated ester reaction, a complex formation reaction, a salt formation reaction, and a nitration reaction can be used.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention, a mixture of chitin or its derivative and chitosan or its derivative,
When fed to livestock, poultry or fish farms as a single feed or as a mixed feed, it produces a significant effect in improving disease resistance, weight gain and physical constitution as compared with feeding chitin alone or chitosan alone. It has the effect of improving efficiency and shortening the number of fattening days.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an example of an anti-diseased feed according to one embodiment of the present invention in vivo.
It is a comparative graph which shows the lymphocyte blastogenic activation effect in tro.

FIG. 2 shows the anti-diseased feed of another embodiment of the present invention in vivo.
It is a comparative graph which shows the lymphocyte blastogenic activation effect in tro.

FIG. 3 is a comparative graph showing the effect of activating lymphocyte blastogenesis when the anti-diseased feed of the present invention is fed to mice.

FIG. 4 is a comparative graph showing the Escherichia coli infection preventive effect when the anti-diseased feed of the present invention is fed to mice.

FIG. 5 is a comparative graph showing the relationship between the compounded feed of the present invention having different amounts added and the weight gain effect of pigs.

FIG. 6 is a comparative graph showing a weight gain effect when a calf is fed with the anti-diseased feed of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a comparative graph showing a weight gain effect when a chicken is fed with the anti-diseased feed of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a comparative graph showing the effect of preventing Vibrio infectious disease when the anti-diseased feed of the present invention is fed to shrimp and rainbow trout.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An anti-diseased feed comprising a mixture of chitin and chitosan. 2. An anti-diseased feed comprising a mixture of chitin and chitosan in a ratio of 1: 9 to 5: 5 in an amount of about 5% by weight or less with respect to other feeds. 3. An anti-diseased feed obtained by adding a chitin derivative, a chitosan derivative or a derivative thereof to the mixture according to claim 1. 4. An anti-diseased feed obtained by replacing part or all of chitin and / or chitosan constituting the mixture according to claim 1 or 2 with a chitin derivative and / or a chitosan derivative.