JPH07281189A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize a liquid crystal display device which is free from gradation inversion and has lower dependency on visual angles with simple processes. CONSTITUTION:This liquid crystal display device has substrates 11, 12 combined to generate spray deformation and chiral nematic liquid crystals 13 injected between these substrates 11 and 12. An oriented film 16 with which a pretilt angle of a prescribed size is obtainable is formed on the substrate 12. An oriented film 14 with which the pretilt angle larger than the pretilt angle of the prescribed size is obtainable is formed on the substrate 11. Oriented films 15 of about 100mum formed by spraying oriented film materials with which the pretilt angle smaller than the pretilt angle of the prescribed size is obtainable then curing these materials are partially formed on the oriented film 14. As a result, two kinds of the orientable regions having the orientability varying from each other are eventually formed on the substrate 11. Two kinds of the oriented regions A, B varying in visual angle directions from each other are thus formed within the liquid crystals 13.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art TN, which is a typical example of conventional liquid crystal display elements
The (twisted nematic) type liquid crystal display device has a problem that the viewing angle dependency is large, the contrast varies depending on the user's viewing position, and the inversion of gradation is observed depending on the conditions.

In order to solve this problem, a method has been proposed in which a photolithography technique is used to partially form a heterogeneous alignment film to form two regions having different viewing angle directions (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-188374). ). According to this method, a region in which pretilts having the same direction but different sizes can be obtained is formed on one of the substrates, and the viewing angle is enlarged.

[0004]

However, the method using the conventional photolithography technique has a problem that the process becomes complicated and it is not suitable for mass production.

Further, there has been proposed a method of forming a different alignment film on the alignment film by spraying for the purpose of controlling the pretilt of the alignment film (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-14122).

However, in this method, when the heterogeneous alignment film formed by spraying is sufficiently smaller than the cell thickness, the liquid crystal exhibits a single alignment and the pretilt is averaged.
The viewing angle cannot be expanded.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having excellent viewing angle characteristics which can be obtained by an easy process.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the following consideration was made on the viewing angle characteristics of a liquid crystal display device.

In a normal liquid crystal display device, an alignment film material is applied on a substrate and cured to form an alignment film, and then a rubbing process, that is, rubbing in one direction with a cloth is performed. It is known that when two such substrates are prepared and bonded together, and liquid crystal is injected between them, liquid crystal molecules near the substrate interface are aligned along the rubbing direction and stand at a certain small angle from the direction parallel to the substrate. There is. This angle is called the pretilt angle. This pretilt angle is determined by the alignment film type, the liquid crystal material, and the presence or absence of interface treatment. Therefore, by forming two or more kinds of alignment films capable of obtaining different pretilt angles on one substrate or by partially performing an interface treatment on one substrate, different pretilt angles can be obtained on one substrate. It is possible to form two or more kinds of orientation ability regions capable of obtaining As a means for partially forming the alignment ability region capable of obtaining different pretilt angles on one substrate, a method of spray-coating an alignment film material and a method of performing interface treatment by spraying after rubbing are considered.

First, a first alignment film material is printed and applied on the entire surface of the first substrate and cured to form a first alignment film. Next, the second alignment film material is spray-coated on the first alignment film on the first substrate and cured to partially form the second alignment film, and then the first alignment film is rubbed on the first substrate. Apply processing. Further, the third alignment film material is uniformly applied to the second substrate and cured to form the third alignment film. Then, the second substrate is rubbed. By combining the first substrate and the second substrate, a TN (twisted nematic) type liquid crystal display device is manufactured. At this time, the first substrate and the second substrate are combined while being shifted by 90 °.
The combination direction is determined so that splay deformation occurs in the liquid crystal. A liquid crystal material to be injected between the first substrate and the second substrate is added with a chiral additive which defines the twist direction of the liquid crystal, and the twist direction of the liquid crystal added with the chiral additive is a liquid crystal display device. It is set so that the direction is opposite to the twisting direction of the liquid crystal when the liquid crystal material is added without adding the chiral additive. This causes splay deformation in the liquid crystal.

The pretilt angle obtainable by the third alignment film on the second substrate is less than the maximum value of the pretilt angle obtainable by the first and second alignment films on the first substrate. And set it to the minimum value or more. As a result, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device, an alignment function region in which a pretilt angle which can be obtained in the first substrate is larger than that in the second substrate and a pretilt which can be obtained in the first substrate are obtained. The two types of alignment regions in the liquid crystal corresponding to the alignment function regions each having a smaller angle than that of the second substrate respond to different viewing angle directions.

In a normal TN type liquid crystal display device, the contrast varies depending on the viewing angle of the user, and gradation inversion may occur. Here, the direction with the highest contrast is called the viewing angle direction. In the TN type liquid crystal display device, two types of alignment regions having different viewing angle directions are formed in the liquid crystal, and the viewing angle directions of these two types of alignment regions are 1
80 degrees different. As a result, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device that is free from gradation inversion and has little viewing angle dependence.

However, when the size of each of the two kinds of alignment capability regions capable of obtaining different pretilt angles formed on the first substrate is 10 μm or less, the liquid crystal exhibits uniform alignment. However, it is not possible to form two types of alignment regions having different viewing angle directions in the liquid crystal. At this time, the pretilt angles appear after being averaged.

When the size of each of the two kinds of alignment function regions formed on the first substrate and capable of obtaining different pretilt angles is 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less, the initial voltage application is performed. In the case of, the two kinds of alignment regions having different viewing angles can be formed in the liquid crystal according to the pattern of the second alignment film spray-applied, but immediately the small alignment regions disappear or combine to form a large alignment region having different viewing angles. Change to the alignment region. This change does not grow beyond the display picture elements of the liquid crystal display device, and there is no practical problem.

When the size of each of the two types of alignment capability regions capable of obtaining different pretilt angles formed on the first substrate is 100 μm or more, the liquid crystal is formed according to the pattern of the second alignment film. It is divided into two types of alignment regions having different viewing angle directions, and these two types of alignment regions exist stably. Therefore, there is no practical problem.

Further, it is possible to form an alignment function region capable of obtaining different pretilt angles on the substrate by surface treatment with a solvent. An alignment film material is uniformly applied and cured on a substrate to form an alignment film, and after rubbing the substrate, the alignment film on the substrate is partially spray-coated with the alignment film. The size of the pretilt angle that can be obtained by can be partially reduced. The viewing angle characteristics can be similarly improved by using the substrate thus obtained.

The present invention has been made on the basis of the above findings. Specifically, the solving means devised by the invention of claim 1 is a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates. As an object, at least one of the two substrates is provided with an alignment film by at least one spraying treatment so that two or more kinds of alignment ability regions having different alignment ability are formed in the substrates. And the liquid crystal has at least two types of alignment regions.

The invention of claim 2 is, specifically, claim 1
In addition to the configuration of the invention described above, a configuration in which each of the two or more kinds of orientation ability regions has a size of 10 μm or more is added.

The invention of claim 3 is, specifically, claim 1
In addition to the configuration of the invention of 1, the solid content concentration of the alignment film material in the spraying treatment is 3% or more.

Further, specifically, the solution means devised by the invention of claim 4 is intended for a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates, and at least one of the two substrates is a substrate. Has an alignment film formed by at least one spray treatment so that two or more kinds of alignment ability regions having different alignment ability are formed on the substrate, and the liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal. In that case, the nematic liquid crystal is a chiral nematic liquid crystal which is twisted in a direction opposite to the twisted direction.

Further, specifically, the solution means devised by the invention of claim 5 is intended for a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates, and at least one of the two substrates is a substrate. In the above, the surface treatment is partially performed by at least one spraying treatment so that two or more kinds of orientation ability regions having different orientation ability are formed on the substrate.

The invention of claim 6 is, specifically, claim 5
In the structure of the invention, the surface treatment agent in the surface treatment,
The structure is added as a soluble solvent for the alignment film formed on the surface-treated substrate.

The invention of claim 7 is, specifically, claim 5
The surface treatment agent in the surface treatment is added to the constitution of the invention of 1.

[0024]

According to the structure of the first aspect of the present invention, for example, the substrate on which the first alignment film is formed is subjected to the spraying treatment so that the first alignment film on the substrate is different from the first alignment film. By forming two kinds of second alignment films, two kinds of alignment ability regions having different alignment ability can be formed on the substrate. Due to the action of these two types of alignment ability regions, two types of alignment regions having different viewing angle directions can be formed in the liquid crystal. As a whole, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device in which the viewing angle directions are averaged, gradation inversion does not occur, and viewing angle dependency is small.

With the configuration of the second aspect of the invention, it is possible to surely obtain the alignment regions having different viewing angle directions in the liquid crystal, and to stabilize the existence of the alignment regions.

With the structure of the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an alignment film by spraying, which can withstand practical use.

According to the structure of the fourth aspect of the present invention, by combining two substrates so that the liquid crystal undergoes splay deformation, it is possible to form alignment regions in the liquid crystal having viewing angle directions different from each other by 180 °. As a result, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having no grayscale inversion and little viewing angle dependency, and it is possible to remarkably widen the viewing angle.

According to the structure of the invention of claim 5, for example, by subjecting the substrate on which the alignment film is formed to a partial surface treatment by spraying, two types of alignment films having different alignment abilities can be provided on the alignment film. Can be formed. As a result, two types of alignment regions having different viewing angle directions can be formed in the liquid crystal, so that it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having no grayscale inversion and less viewing angle dependency.

According to the sixth and seventh aspects of the invention, by using as the surface treatment agent a soluble solvent or a surfactant for the alignment film formed on the substrate, alignment regions having different alignment abilities are formed on the substrate. Such surface treatment can be easily and surely performed.

[0030]

【Example】

(Embodiment 1) Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the structure of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display device has a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12 facing each other, and a first substrate. Liquid crystal 13 injected between the substrate 11 and the second substrate 12.
It has and. On the second substrate 12, there is formed a middle pretilt alignment film 16 capable of obtaining a pretilt angle of a predetermined size which is not so large. Further, a high pretilt alignment film 14 capable of obtaining a pretilt angle larger than the predetermined pretilt angle is formed on the first substrate 11, and the high pretilt alignment film 14 has the predetermined size. The low pretilt alignment film 15 formed by spraying and curing an alignment film material capable of obtaining a pretilt angle smaller than the above pretilt angle is partially formed. As a result, two types of alignment capability regions having different alignment capabilities are formed on the first substrate 11, and the liquid crystal 13 is formed.
Two types of alignment regions A and B having different viewing angle directions are formed therein.

A liquid crystal display device according to Example 1 was prototyped and an evaluation test was conducted. First, as the first substrate 11, 1.
A glass substrate having a thickness of 1 mm was used, and a patterned transparent electrode and a SiO overcoat layer were previously formed on the first substrate 11. A polyimide pre-alignment film material (AL3046 made by Japan Synthetic Rubber) capable of obtaining a relatively large pre-tilt angle was applied by printing onto the first substrate 11 and cured to form the high pre-tilt alignment film 14. next,
An alignment film material (RN740 manufactured by Nissan Kagaku Co., Ltd.) capable of obtaining a relatively small pretilt angle is spray-coated on the first substrate 11 and cured to partially form the low pretilt alignment film 1.
5 was formed. At this time, 100 by spray coating
A low pretilt alignment film 15 having a thickness of about μm was formed, and adjustment was performed so that the total area of the low pretilt alignment film 15 was about 50% of the panel area of the liquid crystal display device. Olympus HP- with a maximum diameter of 0.3 mm as a sprayer
101 was used and spray coating was performed at a nitrogen pressure of 2.0 kg / cm ² . In spray coating, it is desirable to use a coating solution having a high solid content concentration, and empirically, if it is 3% or more, it can be put to practical use. When the low pretilt alignment film 15 after curing was observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was confirmed that the low pretilt alignment film 15 formed by spray coating was raised. This indicates that the wettability of the coating solution is sufficiently poor with respect to the base, and the low pretilt alignment film 15 can be independently formed without flowing the coating solution.
After that, a rotary rubbing process was performed on the first substrate 11 so that the liquid crystal was uniaxially aligned.

On the second substrate 12, an alignment film material (RN747 manufactured by Nissan Kagaku Co., Ltd.) capable of obtaining a pretilt angle which is not so large is applied by printing and cured to form a middle pretilt alignment film 16 and rubbing. Processed. Second
The substrate 12 is not spray-coated.

Then, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12
Were combined so that the rubbing directions were different by 90 °.
At this time, the liquid crystal was configured to undergo spray deformation.
Here, 5 μ is provided between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12.
m spacer beads were dispersed to determine the cell thickness of the liquid crystal display device. Then, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12
Liquid crystal 1 with a left-handed chiral additive added between
3 was injected.

In the liquid crystal display device manufactured as described above, two types of alignment regions A and B having different pretilt angles are formed in the liquid crystal 13, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned as shown in FIG. Actually, the liquid crystal molecule has a structure twisted by 90 ° in a direction parallel to the substrate, but the twist is omitted for simplification. The liquid crystal molecules near the first substrate 11 are rising to the right, whereas the liquid crystal molecules near the second substrate 12 are rising to the left. The liquid crystal alignment method in which the sign of the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the direction perpendicular to the substrate is reversed in the thickness direction is called an alignment method with splay deformation.

In FIG. 1, the pretilt angle of the alignment region A of the liquid crystal 13 near the first substrate 11 was 1 °, and the pretilt angle of the alignment region B of the liquid crystal 13 near the first substrate 11 was 6 °. Further, in the vicinity of the second substrate 12 of the liquid crystal 13, a pretilt angle of 4 ° was obtained regardless of the alignment regions A and B. When a voltage was applied to this liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules in the central portion in the thickness direction started to stand. The rotation direction depends on the direction of the slight inclination that the liquid crystal molecule initially had. In the alignment region A of the liquid crystal 13, the liquid crystal molecules stood in a state of rising to the left, and in the alignment region B of the liquid crystal 13, the liquid crystal molecules stood in a state of rising to the right. At this time, an alignment defect called a disclination line was observed at the boundary between the alignment regions A and B of the liquid crystal 13, and it was confirmed that the alignment region was divided into distinct regions. The viewing angle directions of the alignment regions A and B of the liquid crystal 13 are different from each other by 180 °, but since the alignment regions A and B are smaller than the display picture element, the viewing angle direction is averaged in the whole liquid crystal display device, and the gradation inversion is performed. It was possible to realize a good liquid crystal display device.

Up to now, an example in which the size of the low pretilt alignment film 15 is about 100 μm has been described, but the size of the low pretilt alignment film 15 is 10 μm or more and 100 μm.
There is no practical problem even with the following. However, since the alignment region of the liquid crystal generated in the initial stage is small, the alignment region disappears or is bonded to grow to a relatively large size. Here, the shape of the final alignment region of the liquid crystal may differ greatly from the initial alignment region. However, this deformation does not grow beyond the display picture elements, and there is no practical problem. Further, when the size of the low pretilt alignment film 15 is 10 μm or less, independent alignment regions do not appear or disappear immediately after they appear, so it is impossible to form alignment regions having different viewing angle directions in the liquid crystal. Is.

Further, an alignment film material (RN740 manufactured by Nissan Kagaku Co., Ltd.) capable of obtaining a relatively small pretilt angle was uniformly printed and applied on the glass substrate as the first substrate and cured to form a low pretilt alignment film. Later, an alignment film material capable of obtaining a relatively large pretilt angle on the low pretilt alignment film on the glass substrate (AL3046 made by Japan Synthetic Rubber)
The same result was obtained when a high pretilt alignment film was partially formed by partially spray-coating and curing.

Example 2 A liquid crystal display device according to Example 2 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 shows the structure of the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 2, the liquid crystal display device has a first substrate 21 and a second substrate 22 facing each other, and a first substrate. 21 and the liquid crystal 23 injected between the second substrate 22
It has and. A high pretilt alignment film 24 capable of obtaining a relatively large predetermined pretilt angle is formed on the first substrate 21, and the high pretilt alignment film 24 is obtained by the high pretilt alignment film 24. A low pretilt alignment film 2 formed by spraying and curing an alignment film material capable of obtaining a pretilt angle smaller than the pretilt angle.
5 is partially formed. As a result, two types of orientation ability regions having different orientation capabilities are formed on the first substrate 21. In addition, a high pretilt alignment film 26 capable of obtaining a relatively large predetermined pretilt angle is formed on the second substrate 22, and the high pretilt alignment film 26 includes the high pretilt alignment film 26. A low pretilt alignment film 27 formed by injecting and curing an alignment film material capable of obtaining a pretilt angle smaller than the obtained pretilt angle is partially formed. As a result, two types of orientation ability regions having different orientation ability are also formed on the second substrate 22. With such a configuration, four types of alignment regions C, D, E, and F are formed in the liquid crystal 23.
Is formed.

A liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment was prototyped and evaluated. The same substrate as the first substrate prototyped in Example 1 was used as the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 2 in Example 2.
Used as No. 2, a TN type liquid crystal display device was formed by combining the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22. At this time, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned as shown in FIG. even here,
The twist deformation of the liquid crystal 23 is omitted. As shown in FIG. 2, two types of alignment capability regions having different alignment capabilities are formed on the first substrate 21, and two types of alignment capability regions having different alignment capabilities are formed on the second substrate 22. In this case, four types of alignment regions C, D, and
E and F are formed. Here, the alignment region C includes the low pretilt alignment film 25 of the first substrate 21 in the liquid crystal 23 and the second
Of the substrate 22 sandwiched by the high pretilt alignment film 26 of the substrate 22, and the alignment region D is formed by the high pretilt alignment film 24 of the first substrate 21 and the low pretilt alignment film 27 of the second substrate 22 in the liquid crystal 23. The alignment region E is a portion sandwiched between the high pretilt alignment film 24 of the first substrate 21 and the high pretilt alignment film 2 of the second substrate 22 in the liquid crystal 23.
6 is a portion sandwiched between the alignment region F and the liquid crystal 23.
Is a portion sandwiched by the low pretilt alignment film 25 of the first substrate 21 and the low pretilt alignment film 27 of the second substrate 22.

When a voltage was applied to this liquid crystal display device, the alignment regions C and D of the liquid crystal 23 realized two types of alignment regions having different viewing angle directions, as in the first embodiment. In the alignment regions C and D of the liquid crystal 23, liquid crystal molecules responded in a state of rising to the left and a state of rising to the right, respectively. However, in the alignment regions E and F of the liquid crystal 23, the inclination of the liquid crystal molecules in the central portion in the thickness direction is parallel to the substrate,
The direction of rotation when the liquid crystal molecules stand cannot be specified. Therefore, the alignment regions E and F of the liquid crystal 23 are adjacent to the alignment region C adjacent thereto.
Or, due to the influence of D, the liquid crystal molecules in each alignment region are almost 5
At a rate of 0%, the response was divided into a state of rising to the right and a state of rising to the left. As a result, the upward-sloping region and the upward-sloping region, that is, the two types of regions whose viewing angle directions differ from each other by 180 ° can be formed with substantially the same area ratio, and the entire liquid crystal display device compensates each other for a good viewing angle. The characteristics were obtained.

(Embodiment 3) Different from Embodiments 1 and 2, Embodiment 3 of the present invention uses a surface treatment by spray coating.

First, an alignment film material (Nippon Synthetic Rubber A) was placed on a 1.1 mm thick glass substrate having an electrode pattern.
L3046) is applied by printing and cured to form an alignment film,
The glass substrate was rubbed. Next, the solvent (γ-butyl lactone) was atomized on the alignment film on the glass substrate to partially perform the solvent treatment. Here, the total area of the portion of the glass substrate to be subjected to the solvent treatment was set to 50%. As a result, two types of orientation ability regions having different orientation ability are formed on the glass substrate. When a liquid crystal display device was manufactured by using such a glass substrate as one substrate, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal near the portion of the glass substrate which was not subjected to the solvent treatment was the same as that of the liquid crystal near the portion of the glass substrate which was not subjected to the solvent treatment. It was smaller than the pretilt angle and was about 2 °. Also, the same effect was obtained by using a surfactant instead of the solvent as the treatment liquid.

Also in this embodiment, the viewing angle characteristics could be improved as in the first and second embodiments. In this example, the solvent-treated glass substrate was used as one substrate, but the viewing angle can be expanded by using two solvent-treated glass substrates as both substrates. . Further, if the size of the region of the alignment film on the glass substrate to be subjected to the solvent treatment is 10 μm or more, there is no practical problem.

[0046]

As described above, in the liquid crystal display device according to the invention of claim 1, by forming the alignment film on the substrate by a simple spraying process, the alignment ability region having different alignment ability on the substrate can be obtained. Are formed. This allows
Since the alignment regions having different viewing angle directions can be formed in the liquid crystal, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having no grayscale inversion and less viewing angle dependency.

According to the liquid crystal display device of the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to surely obtain the alignment regions having different viewing angle directions in the liquid crystal and to stabilize the existence of the alignment regions.

According to the liquid crystal display device of the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to obtain the alignment film by the spraying process, which can be practically used.

In the liquid crystal display device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the two substrates are combined so that the liquid crystal undergoes splay deformation, so that the liquid crystal has alignment regions whose viewing angle directions differ from each other by 180 °. Is possible. As a result, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having no grayscale inversion and little viewing angle dependency, and it is possible to remarkably widen the viewing angle.

In the liquid crystal display device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the substrate is partially surface-treated by a simple spraying treatment to form the orientation ability regions having different orientation ability on the substrate. Accordingly, since alignment regions having different viewing angle directions can be formed in the liquid crystal, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having no grayscale inversion and less viewing angle dependency.

In the liquid crystal display device according to the sixth and seventh aspects of the invention, since a soluble solvent or a surfactant for the alignment film formed on the substrate is used as the surface treatment agent, different alignment capabilities are provided on the substrate. It is possible to facilitate and ensure the surface treatment for forming the orientation-capable region.

As described above, according to the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having excellent viewing angle characteristics can be obtained by an easy process.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11, 21 First substrate 12, 22 Second substrate 13, 23 Liquid crystal 14, 24, 26 High pretilt alignment film 15, 25, 27 Low pretilt alignment film 16 Medium pretilt alignment film

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Shinya Kosa, 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Koji Nishida, 1006, Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Noriko Nishimura 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates, wherein at least one of the two substrates has two or more kinds of substrates having different alignment capabilities. The alignment film is formed by at least one spraying process so that the alignment function region of 1. is formed, and the liquid crystal has at least two types of alignment regions. 2. The two or more kinds of orientation ability regions each have a size of 10 μm or more.
The liquid crystal display device according to item 1. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the solid content concentration of the alignment film material in the spraying treatment is 3% or more. 4. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates, wherein at least one of the two substrates has at least two kinds having different alignment capabilities. The alignment film is formed by at least one spraying process so that the alignment function region is formed, and the liquid crystal has a direction opposite to the twisting direction of the nematic liquid crystal when the nematic liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that it is a chiral nematic liquid crystal that twists. 5. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates, wherein at least one of the two substrates has at least two kinds having different alignment capabilities. 2. A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the surface treatment is partially performed by at least one spraying treatment so that the alignment ability region of 1 is formed. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein the surface treatment agent in the surface treatment is a soluble solvent for the alignment film formed on the substrate subjected to the surface treatment. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein the surface treatment agent in the surface treatment is a surfactant.