JP3131508B2 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display

Info

Publication number
JP3131508B2
JP3131508B2 JP04243896A JP24389692A JP3131508B2 JP 3131508 B2 JP3131508 B2 JP 3131508B2 JP 04243896 A JP04243896 A JP 04243896A JP 24389692 A JP24389692 A JP 24389692A JP 3131508 B2 JP3131508 B2 JP 3131508B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal display
display device
substrate
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP04243896A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0695120A (en
Inventor
潔 庄原
仁 羽藤
のり子 大越
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toshiba Corp filed Critical Toshiba Corp
Priority to JP04243896A priority Critical patent/JP3131508B2/en
Publication of JPH0695120A publication Critical patent/JPH0695120A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3131508B2 publication Critical patent/JP3131508B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133753Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133753Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
    • G02F1/133761Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle with different pretilt angles

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】この発明は液晶表示装置に関し、
特に電界効果複屈折制御形の液晶表示装置に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device,
In particular, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device of a field effect birefringence control type.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】現在一般的に使われている液晶表示装置
は、視野角が狭いという問題があり、近年、この液晶表
示装置の視野角拡大のため、セル構成の検討や光学的補
償セルやフィルムを配置する方法が検討されている。
2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display device generally used at present has a problem that the viewing angle is narrow. A method of arranging the film is being studied.

【0003】垂直配向膜を用いた電界効果複屈折制御形
の液晶表示装置においては、Δndの最適化や光学的補
償フィルムの配置(例えば S. Yamauchi et al., SID8
9, Digest, p.378(1989) や J.F.Clerc, JAPAN DISPLA
Y'89, p.188(1989))や2層セル構成(例えば H. Seki e
t al. ;IDRC DIGEST, p.188(1991)) により視野角改善
が報告されている。これらはいずれも全面均一な配向セ
ルを用いて、いかにリタデーションの視野角依存性を小
さくして視野角を拡大するかが課題であった。これに対
し、最近パネル内で部分的に垂直配列の異なる領域を積
極的に形成し、電界印加時の液晶組成物のチルト方向を
一画素内で異ならせる事により視野角改善を行う事が報
告されている。例えばStanley Electronics が発表した
マルチドメイン方式(J.F.Clerc,;SID'91 Digest, p.7
58(1991)及びT. Yamamoto et al.,SID'91 Digest, p.76
2(1991))がある。これは画素電極を特殊な形状に加工
して、上下電極間での電界の傾きを利用して、一画素内
でのON時のチルト方向を制御する方法や、一画素内で
異なる方向に微小に傾けた表面形状を作成することによ
り電界印加時の液晶組成物のチルト方向を一画素内で異
ならせる事により視野角改善を行う方法である。しかし
これらの方法は、電極を特殊な形状にすることや、配向
面に部分的に傾斜を持たせる等製造上容易でない。
[0003] In a liquid crystal display device of a field effect birefringence control type using a vertical alignment film, optimization of Δnd and arrangement of an optical compensation film (for example, S. Yamauchi et al., SID8)
9, Digest, p.378 (1989) and JFClerc, JAPAN DISPLA
Y'89, p.188 (1989)) and a two-layer cell configuration (eg, H. Seki e
t al.; IDRC DIGEST, p.188 (1991)) has reported an improvement in viewing angle. In each of these cases, the problem was how to reduce the viewing angle dependence of the retardation to increase the viewing angle by using a uniform alignment cell over the entire surface. On the other hand, recently, it has been reported that the viewing angle can be improved by positively forming regions with partially different vertical alignment in the panel and changing the tilt direction of the liquid crystal composition when applying an electric field within one pixel. Have been. For example, a multi-domain system announced by Stanley Electronics (JFClerc, SID'91 Digest, p.7)
58 (1991) and T. Yamamoto et al., SID'91 Digest, p. 76
2 (1991)). This is a method of processing the pixel electrode into a special shape and using the inclination of the electric field between the upper and lower electrodes to control the tilt direction at ON in one pixel, or a method of controlling the tilt direction in one pixel in different directions. This is a method in which the viewing angle is improved by making the tilt direction of the liquid crystal composition at the time of applying an electric field different within one pixel by creating a surface shape that is inclined to the right. However, these methods are not easy to manufacture, such as forming the electrode into a special shape or giving a partial inclination to the alignment surface.

【0004】また、TN型一般LCDにおいては特開昭
63-106624 号公報、特開昭64-88520号公報、特開平1-24
5223号公報などのように各絵素を複数の領域に分割し、
各領域の配向処理方法、ラビング方向を異ならせマルチ
ドメインを形成する方法が提案されているがいずれも微
小画素ごとに複数回のラビング配向処理を施す必要があ
り製造上容易でない。
[0004] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
JP-A-63-106624, JP-A-64-88520, JP-A-1-24
Each picture element is divided into multiple areas as in the 5223 publication,
A method for forming an alignment in each region and a method for forming a multi-domain by changing the rubbing direction have been proposed, but in each case, it is necessary to perform a plurality of rubbing alignment treatments for each minute pixel, which is not easy in manufacturing.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記のよう
に視野角の問題を解決し、広視野角、高コントラスト大
画面液晶表示装置を簡便な方法で提供することを目的と
する。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the problem of the viewing angle as described above and to provide a wide viewing angle, high contrast large screen liquid crystal display device in a simple method.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、1主面に複数
の画素電極を有する第1の基板および1主面に対向電極
を有する第2の基板を、前記1主面が対向する様に配置
させ、これら間に負の誘電異方性を有する液晶組成物か
らなる液晶層を挟持してなる液晶表示装置において、各
画素電極上を硬度が異なる複数領域面に区分形成し、こ
の複数領域面上に形成されラビング配向処理されて前記
液晶層の液晶分子をチルト配向する垂直配列配向膜とか
らなり、硬度の異なる領域面で電界印加時の液晶組成物
のチルト方向を異ならしめることを特徴とする液晶表示
装置を得るものである。
According to the present invention, a first substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes on one main surface and a second substrate having a counter electrode on one main surface are provided so that the one main surface is opposed to the first substrate. In a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer made of a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy interposed therebetween, each pixel electrode is divided into a plurality of regions having different hardnesses. A vertical alignment film formed on the surface of the region and subjected to rubbing alignment treatment to tilt-align the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer. The tilt direction of the liquid crystal composition when an electric field is applied is different on the surface of the region having different hardness. A liquid crystal display device characterized by this is obtained.

【0007】また、上記複数領域面それぞれに硬度の異
なる下地膜を配置形成するか、複数領域の一つを画素電
極面そのもので構成することができる。
Further, it is possible to arrange and form a base film having different hardness on each of the plurality of regions, or to configure one of the plurality of regions by the pixel electrode surface itself.

【0008】また、複数領域の下地膜を鉛筆硬度2Hを
基準に選択することができる。
In addition, a plurality of base films can be selected based on a pencil hardness of 2H.

【0009】[0009]

【作用】視野角を拡大するためには、視角に対する液晶
パネルのリタデーション変化を小さくすることが有用で
ある。垂直配向膜を用いた電界効果複屈折制御形の液晶
表示装置においては、電圧印加により、液晶をチルトさ
せセルのリタデーションを変化させて表示を行ってい
る。したがって、電圧印加時のセルのリタデーションは
チルト方向に大いに依存する。これから、視野角拡大に
はチルト方向を一画素内で様々な方向にしてやれば良い
ことが分かる。しかし無秩序な方向にチルトさせては表
示不良となる。そこでチルトの方向を一画素内で秩序を
持たせ制御する必要がある。チルトの方向を制御し高コ
ントラストを得るためにはある大きさの微小プレチルト
角を持たせることが有用である。
In order to increase the viewing angle, it is useful to reduce the change in retardation of the liquid crystal panel with respect to the viewing angle. In a liquid crystal display device of a field effect birefringence control type using a vertical alignment film, display is performed by tilting the liquid crystal and changing the retardation of the cell by applying a voltage. Therefore, the retardation of a cell when a voltage is applied greatly depends on the tilt direction. From this, it can be seen that the viewing direction can be expanded by changing the tilt direction to various directions within one pixel. However, tilting in a random direction results in display failure. Therefore, it is necessary to control the tilt direction so that it is ordered within one pixel. In order to control the tilt direction and obtain a high contrast, it is useful to have a small pretilt angle of a certain size.

【0010】一画素中で微小チルト方向が異なった場
合、全面一方向に均一にチルトしているときに比べて視
角方向に対してのリタデーション変化が小さくなるの
で、視野角が拡がることは知られている。
It is known that when the tilt direction is slightly different in one pixel, the retardation change in the viewing angle direction is smaller than when the entire surface is uniformly tilted in one direction, so that the viewing angle is widened. ing.

【0011】微小プレチルト角垂直配向層の形成に当た
っては垂直配向層下地の硬度が大きく影響することを発
明者等は多くの実験で見い出だした。通常、図2(a)
に示すように微小プレチルト角を有する垂直配向層4a
は、長鎖アルキルシラン化合物や一塩基性クロム錯体な
どをガラス基板5上に下地膜3aを介して配向層として
塗布形成した後ラビング処理することにより得られる。
この時、垂直配向層4aの下地膜3aの硬度が鉛筆硬度
2Hより硬い膜であれば液晶分子14aは図2(a)の
様にラビング方向にチルトする。一方、図2(b)に示
すように下地膜3bの硬度が鉛筆硬度2H以下例えば1
Hの柔らかい膜を用いればこの垂直配向層4bをラビン
グ配向処理すると液晶分子14aはラビング方向に対し
て、逆方向にチルトする。
The present inventors have found in many experiments that the hardness of the vertical alignment layer underlayer greatly affects the formation of the micro pretilt angle vertical alignment layer. Usually, FIG.
Vertical alignment layer 4a having a small pretilt angle as shown in FIG.
Is obtained by applying a long-chain alkylsilane compound, a monobasic chromium complex, or the like as an alignment layer on a glass substrate 5 via a base film 3a and then performing a rubbing treatment.
At this time, if the hardness of the base film 3a of the vertical alignment layer 4a is higher than the pencil hardness 2H, the liquid crystal molecules 14a tilt in the rubbing direction as shown in FIG. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2B, the hardness of the base film 3b is 2H or less, for example, 1 pencil hardness.
When a soft film of H is used, when the vertical alignment layer 4b is subjected to rubbing alignment treatment, the liquid crystal molecules 14a tilt in the direction opposite to the rubbing direction.

【0012】これは、下地が硬い場合、ラビングによ
り、表面の配向膜がラビング方向に微妙に傾く方向に配
向され、その結果図2(a)の様にラビング方向へ液晶
分子が微小に傾くと考えられる。一方、下地が柔らかい
場合、ラビング配向処理によって、図2(b)の様に配
向膜が形成されている下地膜自身が変形し、あたかも皺
が寄ったようになり、その上にのっている垂直配向層は
ラビング方向の反対方向へ向く状態となり、液晶分子は
その配向膜の影響を受けて、ラビング方向とは逆の方向
に微小に傾くと考えられる。ここで、プレチルト角が小
さいとチルト方向が異なる領界でディスクリネーション
が酷く発生して見栄えが低下する問題が起こる。しか
し、それはそれぞれの領域でのプレチルト角を十分大き
くすることやディスクリネーション発生部にブラックマ
トリクスや補助容量素子などを形成して見えなくさせる
ことにより解決できる。
This is because, when the base is hard, the alignment film on the surface is oriented in a direction slightly inclined in the rubbing direction by rubbing. As a result, when the liquid crystal molecules are slightly inclined in the rubbing direction as shown in FIG. Conceivable. On the other hand, when the underlayer is soft, the rubbing alignment treatment deforms the underlayer on which the alignment film is formed as shown in FIG. 2B, and makes it look as if it is wrinkled and is on it. The vertical alignment layer is oriented in the direction opposite to the rubbing direction, and the liquid crystal molecules are considered to be slightly inclined in the direction opposite to the rubbing direction under the influence of the alignment film. Here, if the pretilt angle is small, disclination is severely generated in a field in which the tilt direction is different, which causes a problem that the appearance is deteriorated. However, this can be solved by sufficiently increasing the pretilt angle in each area or by forming a black matrix, an auxiliary capacitance element, or the like in the disclination generating section so that the area is invisible.

【0013】すなわち図1に示すように、基板5に形成
した例えばITOの透明画素電極2の表面領域を、鉛筆
2Hを基準に硬度の異なる複数領域例えば2領域に区分
し、これら領域に所定硬度の下地膜3a、3bを形成し
その上に共通の垂直配向層4を被着して、この配向層を
矢印方向にラビング処理すると、上述の理由により、電
圧印加時に液晶分子14aが各下地膜3a、3b上で異
なる方向にチルトすることになる。したがって、対向基
板6上の垂直配向層11の下地膜として、それぞれ同硬
度の膜3a、3bを対向配置するようにすれば、各画素
電極上の2領域において、異なる方向のチルトをもつ液
晶層が得られることになる。
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the surface region of the transparent pixel electrode 2 of, for example, ITO formed on the substrate 5 is divided into a plurality of regions, for example, two regions having different hardnesses based on the pencil 2H. The underlayers 3a and 3b are formed, and a common vertical alignment layer 4 is applied thereon, and the alignment layer is rubbed in the direction of the arrow. It will tilt in different directions on 3a, 3b. Therefore, if the films 3a and 3b having the same hardness are opposed to each other as a base film of the vertical alignment layer 11 on the counter substrate 6, the liquid crystal layers having tilts in different directions in two regions on each pixel electrode. Is obtained.

【0014】このように本発明では1画素内で異なった
硬さの下地膜を形成することにより、その後垂直配向処
理を行った後、各基板一回のみのラビング配向処理によ
り、各々異なった、方向にチルトさせることができ、電
圧印加時のリタデーションの視角依存性が小さくなり、
これにより、広い視野角を得ることが可能になる。
As described above, according to the present invention, the base films having different hardnesses are formed in one pixel, and then the vertical alignment process is performed. Direction can be tilted, and the viewing angle dependency of the retardation at the time of applying a voltage is reduced.
This makes it possible to obtain a wide viewing angle.

【0015】[0015]

【実施例】以下本発明の実施例を説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

【0016】[実施例1]図3に本発明による一実施例
の液晶表示装置の概略平面図を示し、図4に本発明によ
る一実施例の液晶表示装置の概略断面図を示す。
[Embodiment 1] FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【0017】1主面の表面にアモルファスシリコンを用
いたTFT(薄膜トランジスタ)素子1と画素電極2と
が配置されているTFTアレイ基板5を薄膜技術により
作製する。次に画素電極2の半面領域のみに、Si
2 ,ZrO2 を主成分とし被膜となる溶液ZQ−2
(触媒化成工業(株)製)を印刷法によってストライプ
状に塗布し、空気中で180℃、30分焼成して鉛筆硬
度が1Hの絶縁性下地膜3を約500オングストローム
区分形成した。残りの領域は電極面そのものを露出させ
たままとした。その後、浸漬法によりオクタデシルトリ
エトキシシラン(ODS)を全面に塗布した後、窒素雰
囲気中で150℃、30分間乾燥させて垂直配向膜を形
成した。その後図中矢印12で示したようにラビング処
理を行い、配向膜4を形成した。
A TFT array substrate 5 on which a TFT (thin film transistor) element 1 using amorphous silicon and a pixel electrode 2 are disposed on the surface of one main surface is manufactured by a thin film technique. Next, only the half surface area of the pixel electrode 2 is
Solution ZQ-2 containing O 2 and ZrO 2 as main components to form a film
(Catalyst Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was applied in the form of a stripe by a printing method, and baked in air at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an insulating base film 3 having a pencil hardness of 1H and a thickness of about 500 Å. In the remaining area, the electrode surface itself was left exposed. Thereafter, octadecyltriethoxysilane (ODS) was applied to the entire surface by an immersion method, and then dried in a nitrogen atmosphere at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a vertical alignment film. Thereafter, a rubbing treatment was performed as shown by an arrow 12 in the figure, and an alignment film 4 was formed.

【0018】一方、対向基板6上に透明な対向電極7と
してITO膜を全面に形成し、TFTアレイ基板5上の
ZQ−2下地膜3と相対向する様にストライプ状に溶液
ZQ−2に塗布焼成して鉛筆硬度が1Hの絶縁性下地膜
8を約500オングストローム形成した後、ODSを塗
布乾燥させて垂直配向膜を形成した。そしてその表面を
図中矢印13で示したようにラビング処理して、配向膜
11を形成した。この後、6μmのガラスファイバーを
含有するエポキシ系樹脂接着剤を基板5、6周囲に印刷
し、各基板5、6の1主面の配向膜4,11が対向し、
かつZQ−2の下地膜3、8が相対面するように整合し
た。基板を加熱して接着剤を硬化させ基板5、6を貼り
合わせた。これら基板で挟持する液晶層14には液晶組
成物としてEN−18(チッソ社製)を用いた。鉛筆硬
度1Hの下地膜3、8が対向する領域Aと硬度が2Hよ
りも硬い電極面が直接対向する領域Bとでは、画素電極
5、6に駆動電圧印加時の液晶分子14aのチルト方向
が異なっている。
On the other hand, an ITO film is formed on the entire surface of the counter substrate 6 as a transparent counter electrode 7, and the solution ZQ-2 is formed in a stripe shape so as to face the ZQ-2 base film 3 on the TFT array substrate 5. After coating and baking to form an insulating base film 8 having a pencil hardness of 1H of about 500 Å, ODS was applied and dried to form a vertical alignment film. The surface was subjected to a rubbing treatment as shown by an arrow 13 in the figure to form an alignment film 11. Thereafter, an epoxy resin adhesive containing glass fiber of 6 μm is printed around the substrates 5 and 6, and the alignment films 4 and 11 on one main surface of each of the substrates 5 and 6 are opposed to each other.
The alignment was performed so that the base films 3 and 8 of ZQ-2 faced each other. The substrate was heated to cure the adhesive, and the substrates 5 and 6 were bonded. The liquid crystal layer 14 sandwiched between these substrates used EN-18 (manufactured by Chisso Corporation) as a liquid crystal composition. In a region A where the base films 3 and 8 having a pencil hardness of 1H are opposed to each other and a region B where an electrode surface having a hardness of more than 2H is directly opposed, the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules 14a when a driving voltage is applied to the pixel electrodes 5 and 6 is changed. Is different.

【0019】このようにして作成されたアクティブマト
リクス液晶表示素子を一組の偏光板間に挟んでノーマリ
ーブラックモードにして駆動点灯したところ、視野角が
広くコントラスト比150:1が得られ表示不良がなく
画面全体にわたり、均一で良好な表示が得られた。
When the active matrix liquid crystal display element thus produced is driven and driven in a normally black mode with a pair of polarizing plates interposed therebetween, a wide viewing angle is obtained, a contrast ratio of 150: 1 is obtained, and a display defect occurs. A uniform and good display was obtained over the entire screen without any defect.

【0020】[比較例1]実施例1でTFTアレイ基板
および対向基板とも鉛筆硬度1HのZQ−2膜が配置さ
れない場合について、同様に垂直配向剤としてODSを
用い、垂直配向層を形成後ラビングすることにより、液
晶表示素子を作成し点灯評価したところ、コントラスト
比は約150:1と高かったが、視野角は狭かった。
Comparative Example 1 In the case where the ZQ-2 film having a pencil hardness of 1H was not arranged on both the TFT array substrate and the counter substrate in Example 1, similarly, ODS was used as a vertical alignment agent, and rubbing was performed after forming a vertical alignment layer. Then, a liquid crystal display element was prepared and evaluated for lighting. As a result, the contrast ratio was as high as about 150: 1, but the viewing angle was narrow.

【0021】[比較例2]実施例1でTFTアレイ基板
および対向基板とも全面ZQ−2膜を形成後、同様に垂
直配向剤としてODSを用い、垂直配向層を形成後ラビ
ングすることにより、液晶表示素子を作成し点灯評価し
たところ、コントラスト比は約150:1と高かった
が、視野角は狭かった。
[Comparative Example 2] After forming a ZQ-2 film on the entire surface of the TFT array substrate and the opposing substrate in Example 1, similarly, using ODS as a vertical alignment agent, forming a vertical alignment layer, and then rubbing the liquid crystal. When a display element was prepared and evaluated for lighting, the contrast ratio was as high as about 150: 1, but the viewing angle was narrow.

【0022】[実施例2]図5に本発明の他の実施例の
液晶表示装置の概略断面図を、図6に装置全体の概略断
面図を示す。
Embodiment 2 FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of the entire device.

【0023】1主面の表面にアモルファスシリコンを用
いたTFT(薄膜トランジスタ)素子1と画素電極2と
が配置されているTFTアレイ基板5を薄膜技術により
作成する。画素電極2の半面のみにまずSiO2 を主成
分とした被膜が形成される溶液NHC(日産化学(株)
製)を印刷法によってストライプ状に塗布し、空気中で
350℃、30分焼成して鉛筆硬度が8Hの絶縁性下地
膜20を形成した。その後、NHCの形成されてない領
域にSiO2 ,ZrO2 を主成分とし被膜となる溶液Z
Q−2(触媒化成工業(株)製)を印刷法によって塗布
し、空気中で180℃、30分焼成して鉛筆硬度が1H
の絶縁性下地膜21を下地膜20と同じ高さになるよう
に約500オングストローム形成した。その後、浸漬法
により一塩基性クロム錯体FC−805(住友スリーエ
ム社製)を全面に塗布した後、窒素雰囲気中で150
℃、30分間乾燥させて垂直配向層を形成した。その後
ラビング処理を行い、配向膜4を形成した。
A TFT array substrate 5 on which a TFT (thin film transistor) element 1 using amorphous silicon and a pixel electrode 2 are arranged on the surface of one main surface is formed by a thin film technique. A solution NHC in which a coating mainly composed of SiO 2 is formed only on one half of the pixel electrode 2 (Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Was applied in the form of stripes by a printing method and baked in air at 350 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an insulating base film 20 having a pencil hardness of 8H. Then, a solution Z containing SiO 2 and ZrO 2 as main components and forming a film is formed in a region where NHC is not formed.
Q-2 (manufactured by Catalyst Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is applied by a printing method, and baked in air at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to have a pencil hardness of 1H.
The insulating base film 21 was formed to a height of about 500 angstroms so as to have the same height as the base film 20. Thereafter, a monobasic chromium complex FC-805 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited) is applied to the entire surface by an immersion method, and then is applied in a nitrogen atmosphere for 150 minutes.
It dried at 30 degreeC for 30 minutes, and formed the vertical alignment layer. Thereafter, a rubbing treatment was performed to form an alignment film 4.

【0024】一方、対向基板6上に透明電極7としてI
TO膜を全面に形成し、その上にTFTアレイ基板5の
下地膜20、21と相対向する様にNHC液とZQ−2
液を順次印刷形成して下地膜22、23を得た後、TF
Tアレイ基板5と同様にFC−805を全面塗布、窒素
雰囲気中で150℃、30分間乾燥させて垂直配向層を
形成した後、表面をラビング処理を行い、配向膜11を
形成した。この後、図6に示すように基板6の配向膜1
1の周辺に沿って周辺封着剤9として5μm径ガラスフ
ァイバーを含有したエポキシ系接着剤を、注入口(図示
せず)を除いて印刷した。次に基板5の表面にスペーサ
10として粒径5μmの樹脂球を散布した。TFTアレ
イ基板5と対向基板6とを鉛筆硬度8Hの下地膜20と
22とを対向させて2Hより硬いB領域とし、また鉛筆
硬度1Hの下地膜21と23とを対向させて2H以下の
柔らかいA領域とするように整合し、5μmの間隔で貼
り合わせて液晶セルを作成し、液晶組成物として、EN
−18(チッソ社製)を用いて注入口から注入し液晶層
14を形成した。ラビング方向は矢印12、13で示
す。この液晶表示素子を一組の偏光板25、26間に挟
んで液晶表示装置とした。
On the other hand, a transparent electrode 7
A TO film is formed on the entire surface, and an NHC solution and ZQ-2 are formed thereon so as to face the underlying films 20 and 21 of the TFT array substrate 5.
The liquid is sequentially formed by printing to obtain base films 22 and 23, and then TF
As in the case of the T array substrate 5, FC-805 was applied on the entire surface and dried in a nitrogen atmosphere at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a vertical alignment layer. Then, the surface was subjected to a rubbing treatment to form an alignment film 11. Thereafter, as shown in FIG.
An epoxy-based adhesive containing a glass fiber having a diameter of 5 μm as a peripheral sealing agent 9 was printed along the periphery of 1 except for an injection port (not shown). Next, resin balls having a particle size of 5 μm were sprayed as spacers 10 on the surface of the substrate 5. The TFT array substrate 5 and the opposing substrate 6 face each other with the base films 20 and 22 having a pencil hardness of 8H facing each other to form a B region harder than 2H, and the base films 21 and 23 having a pencil hardness of 1H face each other and have a softness of 2H or less. A liquid crystal cell was prepared by bonding so as to be in the A region and pasting them at an interval of 5 μm.
Using -18 (manufactured by Chisso Corporation), the liquid crystal layer 14 was formed by injection from the injection port. The rubbing direction is indicated by arrows 12 and 13. This liquid crystal display device was sandwiched between a pair of polarizing plates 25 and 26 to form a liquid crystal display device.

【0025】装置をノーマリーブラックモードにして駆
動点灯評価したところ、コントラスト比は約150:1
と高く、視野角も広く、また表示不良もなく画面全体に
わたり、均一で良好な表示が得られた。
When the drive lighting evaluation was performed with the device in a normally black mode, the contrast ratio was about 150: 1.
Thus, a uniform and good display was obtained over the entire screen without a display defect.

【0026】[比較例3]実施例2でTFTアレイ基板
および対向基板とも全面に硬度8HのNHCを形成した
後、同様に垂直配向剤としてFC−805を用い成膜後
ラビングすることにより、液晶表示素子を作成し点灯評
価したところ、コントラストは約150:1と高かった
が、視野角は狭かった。
[Comparative Example 3] In Example 2, after forming NHC with a hardness of 8H on the entire surface of both the TFT array substrate and the opposing substrate, the film was similarly rubbed using FC-805 as a vertical alignment agent, and the liquid crystal was rubbed. When a display element was prepared and evaluated for lighting, the contrast was as high as about 150: 1, but the viewing angle was narrow.

【0027】[0027]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば、広視野角、高コントラ
スト、薄形軽量の高信頼性大画面液晶表示装置を簡便な
セル製造工程にて提供することができる。また本発明は
実施例で述べた材料、条件、ラビング方向に限定される
ものではなく、他の材料、他の条件、他のラビング方向
に置いても同様の効果が得られる。さらに、各1画素電
極ごとに形成する複数領域の形状や、領域数も任意に選
択することができる。また、本実施例においてはノーマ
リーブラックモードのアクティブマトリクス駆動方式と
したが、ノーマリーホワイトモードや単純マトリクス駆
動方式でも同様な効果が得られる。
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly reliable large-screen liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle, a high contrast, a thin shape and a light weight in a simple cell manufacturing process. Further, the present invention is not limited to the materials, conditions, and rubbing directions described in the embodiments, and the same effects can be obtained by placing other materials, other conditions, and other rubbing directions. Further, the shape of a plurality of regions formed for each pixel electrode and the number of regions can be arbitrarily selected. In this embodiment, the normally black mode active matrix driving method is used. However, the same effect can be obtained by the normally white mode or simple matrix driving method.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の液晶表示装置の概略を示すま概略断面
図である。
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view schematically showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

【図2】(a)(b)は本発明の作用を説明する図であ
る。
FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating the operation of the present invention.

【図3】本発明の液晶表示装置の一実施例の概略平面図
である。
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of one embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

【図4】本発明の液晶表示装置の一実施例の概略断面図
である。
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of one embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

【図5】本発明の液晶表示装置の他の実施例の概略断面
図である。
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

【図6】本発明の液晶表示装置の他の実施例の概略断面
図である。
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

2…画素電極 3、8…絶縁性下地膜 4、11…配向膜 5…TFTアレイ基板 6…対向基板 7…対向電極 14…液晶層 14a…液晶分子 A、B…領域 2: Pixel electrode 3, 8: Insulating base film 4, 11: Alignment film 5: TFT array substrate 6: Counter substrate 7: Counter electrode 14: Liquid crystal layer 14a: Liquid crystal molecule A, B: Region

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 大越 のり子 神奈川県川崎市川崎区日進町7番地1 東芝電子エンジニアリング株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 平6−82787(JP,A) 特開 平6−82784(JP,A) 特開 平6−43460(JP,A) 特開 平6−34978(JP,A) 特開 平5−210099(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) G02F 1/1337 505 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Noriko Ogoshi 7-1 Nisshin-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Toshiba Electronic Engineering Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-6-82787 (JP, A) JP-A-Hei 6-82784 (JP, A) JP-A-6-43460 (JP, A) JP-A-6-34978 (JP, A) JP-A-5-210099 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7, DB name) G02F 1/1337 505

Claims (3)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 1主面に複数の画素電極を有する第1の
基板および1主面に対向電極を有する第2の基板を、前
記1主面が対向する様に配置させ、これら基板間に負の
誘電異方性を有する液晶組成物からなる液晶層を挟持し
てなる液晶表示装置において、 前記各画素電極上を硬度が異なる複数領域面に区分形成
する手段と、この複数領域面上に形成されラビング配向
処理されて前記液晶層の液晶分子をチルト配向する垂直
配列配向膜とからなり、前記硬度の異なる領域面で電界
印加時の液晶組成物のチルト方向を異ならしめることを
特徴とする液晶表示装置。
1. A first substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes on one main surface and a second substrate having a counter electrode on one main surface are arranged so that the one main surface is opposed to the first substrate. In a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer made of a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy, means for separately forming a plurality of areas on each of the pixel electrodes into a plurality of areas having different hardnesses, A vertical alignment film that is formed and rubbed for alignment and tilts the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer, wherein the tilt direction of the liquid crystal composition when an electric field is applied is varied on the surface with different hardness. Liquid crystal display.
【請求項2】 複数領域面の一つが画素電極面そのもの
である請求項1記載の液晶表示装置
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of regions is the pixel electrode surface itself.
【請求項3】 複数領域面の一つが鉛筆硬度2H以下の
柔らかい下地膜で形成されてなる請求項1記載の液晶表
示装置
3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of regions is formed of a soft underlayer having a pencil hardness of 2H or less.
JP04243896A 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 Liquid crystal display Expired - Fee Related JP3131508B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP04243896A JP3131508B2 (en) 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 Liquid crystal display

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP04243896A JP3131508B2 (en) 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 Liquid crystal display

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0695120A JPH0695120A (en) 1994-04-08
JP3131508B2 true JP3131508B2 (en) 2001-02-05

Family

ID=17110614

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP04243896A Expired - Fee Related JP3131508B2 (en) 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 Liquid crystal display

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3131508B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101376812B (en) * 2008-09-28 2012-02-01 中国科学技术大学 Kernel-shell type silicon-containing synergistic flame retardant and preparation thereof

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW259845B (en) * 1993-07-30 1995-10-11 Sharp Kk
KR100477136B1 (en) * 1997-11-12 2005-08-24 삼성전자주식회사 LCD Display
JP4397444B2 (en) * 1998-12-28 2010-01-13 シャープ株式会社 Liquid crystal display

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101376812B (en) * 2008-09-28 2012-02-01 中国科学技术大学 Kernel-shell type silicon-containing synergistic flame retardant and preparation thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0695120A (en) 1994-04-08

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