JPH0696823B2 - Method for producing fiber structure containing cellulosic fiber and fibrillated composite fiber - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) In the present invention, the steps of fibrillating polyester-based composite fibers having a fineness of 1 denier or less after fibrillation and the steps of scouring and mercerizing cellulosic fibers are high-pressure wet heat. The present invention relates to a method for processing a flexible cloth which is simultaneously performed below.

(Prior Art) Textile products composed of natural fibers and synthetic fibers have been conventionally used for various clothing applications. For example, looking at the shirt material, 100% cotton shirt material has poor so-called washing durability and wrinkle resistance.
The rise of polyester materials. This polyester /
The cotton-blend material is a high-polyester blend to bring out its excellent functionality, and has excellent wash and wear characteristics.
With the anti-wrinkle property, it has become the mainstream for shirt materials and uniform materials. Even today, the high-polyester blended material is a standard material with a blended spinning ratio of polyester / cotton = 65/35. However, in recent years, there has been a tendency to attach importance to comfort and comfort as a clothing material, and a tendency toward high-grade products has also emerged. Polyester low-ratio mixed materials have been developed in order to achieve both such comfort and functionality. Further, in order to give such a polyester / cotton mixed material a new sensitivity and a soft texture, polyester fibers are used as processed yarns, fine denier and weight reduction processing are combined.

On the other hand, the cellulosic fiber is treated with a concentrated caustic soda solution to change its crystal structure, resulting in dyeability, morphological stability,
And the improvement of strength is obtained, and it is carried out as mercerizing (mercerizing (mercerizing)).

For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-6280 discloses contacting high temperature steam with a yarn containing a concentrated alkaline aqueous solution as a mercerization method, imparting a low concentration alkali to -20 to 50 ° C. A softer texture can be obtained as compared with so-called low temperature mercerization in which treatment is performed at a moderate temperature. In addition, Japanese Patent No. 62-5059
No. 4 discloses a fabric containing ultrafine fibers which has been subjected to a step of removing a monocomponent polymer of the conjugate fiber and a step of mercerizing the cellulosic fiber with an alkaline liquid to a fabric composed of sea-island type conjugate fiber and cellulosic fiber. Manufacturing is disclosed.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) However, the method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-6280 is inferior in functions such as wash & wear properties and anti-wrinkle property since it is composed of only cellulose fibers and is insufficient in flexibility. Furthermore, the Japanese public 62-
The method of No. 50594 requires multiple steps and has poor manufacturing efficiency.

The refining of cellulosic fibers has conventionally been performed at high temperature using a dilute alkaline solution. Further, the mercerization has been processed at a so-called low temperature of -20 ° C to 50 ° C as described above.
Furthermore, the alkali weight reduction processing of polyester fibers is still a treatment at a high temperature, and it has heretofore been unthinkable to perform these three types of steps in one step due to the difference in the treatment conditions. For example, when a cotton cloth is treated with a high-concentration caustic soda aqueous solution under high temperature and high pressure, the embrittlement of cellulose is observed, and the dyeability and strength are reduced. Further, in the treatment at a so-called low temperature, hydrolysis of the polyester fiber by the alkaline aqueous solution is insufficient.

As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventors have arrived at the present invention, which is the comfort of cellulosic fibers,
The purpose of this is to produce a fiber structure having the functionality of polyester fiber and the flexibility obtained by fine denier extremely efficiently.

(Means and Actions for Solving the Problem) The present invention provides a quaternary ammonium-containing cloth for mixing a cellulosic fiber and a polyester-based composite fiber made of at least two kinds of polymers and having a fineness after fibrillation of 1 denier or less. In the presence of a caustic soda solution containing a salt at a concentration of 100 to 300 g /, the fibrillation of the composite fiber and the scouring / mercerization of the cellulosic fiber are performed at the same time by placing under high pressure and humidity heat.

The polyester-based conjugate fiber composed of at least two or more polymers in the present invention is a combination of polymers having different solubility and decomposability in an alkaline aqueous solution, such as polyethylene terephthalate and sulfoisophthalic acid and / or polyethylene glycol. A combination of a readily soluble alkali-soluble polyester copolymerized with polyethylene terephthalate or polyamide can be used. The shape of the conjugate fiber is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the easily soluble component is exposed to the outer layer, and in the present invention that imparts flexibility by setting the fineness of the residual component to 1 denier or less, FIG. The cross-sectional shapes shown in (b) and (e) are suitable. In the figure, the component A is a component that is dissolved and removed, and the component B is a component that remains.

Next, the cellulosic fibers used in the present invention include cotton, hemp, rayon, acetate and the like. Among them, cotton is the most preferable from the viewpoints of the effect of the invention, utility value and alkali resistance.

A woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a non-woven fabric, etc., in which such polyester fibers and cellulose fibers are mixed for the purpose of mixing, weaving, knitting, twisting, etc., are the fiber structures targeted by the present invention.

The polyester-based composite fiber, even if used in the filament
Although it may be used in staple, in order to obtain a soft fiber structure by utilizing the texture of cotton suitable for the present invention, 35 to 50 mm
It is good to use it as a spun yarn by mixing it with cotton yarn after making it into a short fiber of a certain degree.

When processing such a fiber structure, the steps of scouring and bleaching cotton fibers and dissolving and removing one component of polyester are usually required as described above. Further, in order to improve the dyeability and morphological stability of the cotton fiber, a kind of alkali treatment called treatment with caustic soda, so-called mercerization or mercerizing is required.

The alkaline aqueous solution used in the method of the present invention is caustic soda. The caustic soda concentration is 100 to 300 g / within, the ratio of polyester and cotton, the type of cellulosic fiber, the degree of alkali treatment required, etc. may be selected respectively, but preferably 150 g / to 300 g /, more preferably 15
About 0g / ~ 200g / is good.

When the concentration is less than 100 g /, the effect is slightly small, and when the concentration exceeds 300 g /, the effect of the alkali treatment is slightly increased, but the strength of the cotton is lowered and it is not preferable in practical use.

A penetrant is added to the alkaline aqueous solution. Conventionally, an alkali-resistant anionic surfactant or nonionic surfactant or a blended product thereof has been used as a penetrant, but in the method of the present invention, a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is used. The property as a penetrant required for the method of the present invention is to allow the aqueous alkaline solution to uniformly and quickly permeate the fiber structure, and to dissolve and remove one component of the polyester fiber in a short time. It has the effect of promoting weight loss. Therefore, the fourth
The primary ammonium salt surfactant is used by selecting it from a concentration of about 1 to 50 g /.

The fiber structure soaked in an aqueous solution having such a composition,
It passes between the nip rolls and continuously contacts the hot steam in the pressure chamber in a tensioned or relaxed state.
As such a pressure chamber, a pressure chamber sealed with compressed air as described in JP-A-48-98170 can be used. Further, the temperature of high temperature steam is preferably about 102 to 160 ° C., and the treatment time is preferably about 30 to 300 seconds.

In order to carry out the method of the present invention industrially, it is convenient to use an apparatus as shown in FIG. In this figure, (1) is the fiber structure to be treated, which is guided to a guide roller, enters a concentrated alkaline aqueous solution tank (2), is given an alkaline aqueous solution, and is squeezed by a nip roller (3). Further, it is guided to the pressure chamber (5) through the sealed seal portion (4) by the nip roller and compressed air. Then, the fibrous structure which has sufficiently contacted with the high temperature steam in the pressure chamber is treated with the high temperature liquid cleaning section (6).
Where the impurities are removed in the dealkalization and scouring.

The fiber structure thus treated at high pressure is thoroughly washed, neutralized and then bleached by a conventional method. After bleaching, wrinkles are stretched in the fiber structure with a tenter or the like. The fibrous structure thus obtained shows no weight loss unevenness in the case of polyester fibers,
All easily soluble components have been reduced in weight. Also, when viewed from the cotton side, unlike the conventional scouring, the so-called cotton wax has a large residual amount and is a treatment that gives a soft texture. Generally, if the amount of cotton wax residue is high,
Cotton fibers become water repellent, leaving problems with dyeability. However, according to the method of the present invention, the cotton wax is allowed to remain uniformly and the alkali treatment for swelling the cotton fibers is also carried out at the same time. Therefore, the dyeability is comparable to the conventional method.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(Example) The test method which is the basis of the numerical values in the examples is as follows.

Cotton fiber swelling degree Observed by electron microscope photograph Polyester fiber weight loss condition Observed by electron microscope photograph Stainability Macbeth COLOR-EYE Colorimeter was used to calculate the TOTAL K / S concentration, and the relative value was shown as 100 as a comparative example. .

Cotton Wax fraction determination Soxhlet extraction at 85 ° C using about 100 ml of n-hexane
For 4 hours.

Feel KES-FB Measured with a KES-FB2 pure bending tester of the texture measurement system.

Tear strength JIS L-1096 D method (Bendurum method) Example 1 The following 75D-24F weight-reducing splittable conjugate fibers were spun and drawn.

Residual component: Polyethylene terephthalate Dissolvable component: Block polyether polyester obtained by copolymerizing polyethylene terephthalate component with 5% of polyethylene glycol Ratio of residual component to soluble component: 75:25 Fiber cross-section structure: As shown in e of Fig. 1 This composite A 42 mm cut fiber was used as the mold fiber and mixed with cotton fiber to obtain a woven fabric having the following structure.

Tissue C / E (70/30) 42/1 x C / E (70/30) 42/1 144 x 71 This fabric was removed by a conventional method to remove caustic soda 150g /
, Quaternary ammonium salt type surfactant (DYK-1125 manufactured by Yansha Yushi Co., Ltd.) was dipped in an aqueous solution and then squeezed to a wet pick-up of 100% with a mangle, and a continuous high-pressure steamer (Shando Iron Works) (Manufactured by K.K.) at 150 ° C. for 120 seconds. Then, after rinsing with hot water and water, bleaching treatment was carried out in the usual manner using hydrogen peroxide.

Comparative Example 1 Using the same dough as that used in Example 1, 6 g of a commonly used anionic surfactant was added instead of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, and Example 1 was added.
The same process was carried out.

Comparative Example 2 The same material as that used in Example 1 was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the concentration of caustic soda was 350 g /.

Comparative Example 3 The same material as that used in Example 1 was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the concentration of caustic soda was 80 g /.

Comparative Example 4 The same dough used in Example 1 was lake-extracted by a commonly known method, and scoured by the Pad-Steam method with a caustic soda concentration of 50 g / and a commonly used scouring aid of 10 g /. After bleaching, washing and drying in the same manner as in No. 1, caustic soda concentration
The mercerizing process was carried out at a rate of 200 g / at a temperature of 40 ° C. by a known method.

Five points of the obtained woven fabric were dyed by a commonly known method using a continuous dyeing machine and a reactive dye and a disperse dye. And
A finishing agent was applied and a dry finishing set was performed. The physical properties of the resulting woven fabric are shown in Table 1.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, a mixed fabric of polyester-based composite fiber and cellulose-based fiber can be industrially produced at a low cost. Further, the obtained woven or knitted fabric has a softer feel and is comparable in dyeability to the conventional method as shown in Comparative Example 4.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing the cross-sectional shape of the polyester-based conjugate fiber that can be used in the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a fiber structure treating apparatus suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention. (A) ... easily soluble component, (B) ... residual component.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A blended fabric of cellulosic fibers and polyester composite fibers comprising at least two types of polymers and having a fineness after fibrillation of 1 denier or less, containing a quaternary ammonium salt at a concentration of 100 to 300 g /. In the presence of a caustic soda solution, the fibrillation of the composite fiber placed under high pressure and humidity heat, and the fibrillation of the cellulosic fiber at the same time scouring and mercerization of the fiber structure of the cellulosic fiber and fibrillated composite fiber Production method. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed fabric is a mixed spun yarn of a cellulosic fiber and a polyester composite fiber having a fineness after fibrillation of 1 denier or less.