JPH0665556A - Summer depression inhibitor for plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent a plant from being injured by the high temperature and strong sunshine in summer. CONSTITUTION:This inhibitor is prepared by acidifying a 2:1 type clay mineral of a particle diameter of 0.15mm or below to a pH of 7 or below with an organic acid or its salt and is scattered over the surfaces of the leaves of a plant in the form of a powder or a suspension. Thus, the suppression of the photorespiration of the leaves due to strong sunshine and light shielding can be performed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a material for cultivating a plant, which effectively prevents growth due to high temperature and strong sunshine in summer, lowers quality yield, and effectively prevents damage from pests and insects. The present invention relates to a summer defeat inhibitor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Japan has a temperate climate, and many temperate plants are cultivated. Looking at the climate change in detail, summer has a tropical climate, which is why the temperate plants are summer. Not only is the growth hindered by high temperature and strong sunshine, the quality or yield is reduced, but it is also a cause of pest damage. Such a symptom is generally called "summer loss" and attention is paid to it. The initial symptoms common to summer loss appear as leaf wilting during the day, followed by damage depending on the type of plant.

Plants are classified into C3 plants, C4 plants and cam plants because of their different photosynthetic actions. C3 plants are temperate plants and C4 plants are tropical plants. Cam plants are limited to special plants such as cacti. C4 plants have an average temperature of 1
It grows by actively performing photosynthesis at 0 ° C or higher, especially at 22 ° C or higher. On the other hand, C3 plants actively perform photosynthesis in the range of 5 ° C to 22 ° C, but in the summer climate of 22 ° C or higher, they perform photosynthesis, but at the same time, photorespiration becomes stronger and the accumulation of assimilation products by photosynthesis occurs. The photosynthetic effect is apparently reduced.

The reason why C3 plants perform light respiration under strong sunshine is because they try to neutralize a strong alkaline substance called ferredoxin produced in the plants by strong sunshine. That is, in order that this strongly alkaline substance inhibits the growth of plants, it decomposes glucose, which is a photosynthetic product, by respiration to generate organic acids and carbon dioxide gas, tries to neutralize alkali, and substances accumulated for this purpose. Consume too much and become malnourished.

At the golf course, C3 and C4 plants, Western turf and native Washi are cultivated at the same time. However, since the characteristics of both plants are not taken into consideration, mistakes are made in the cultivation method. , There is a strong tendency to rely on pesticides to avoid various obstacles. And, it is trying to alleviate the decline in growth of grass in midsummer due to high temperature, but it is trying to mitigate by irrigation, but no remarkable effect is observed, and conversely, illness increases due to humidification by irrigation. There is.

[0006] As for the cucumber, white powder adheres to the surface of the fruit as the temperature rises in the summer. Generally, this powder is called bloom. When the bloom adheres, the fruit of the cucumber seems to be aged and the commercial value decreases. Therefore, a bloomless rootstock has been recently developed, and blooming will be eliminated by splicing on this rootstock. The time when the taste of cucumber is particularly good is around autumn equinox. Since ancient times, cucumbers around this time have been prized as Yumaki cucumbers. Recently, there is an increase in the cultivation of extra-cucumber cucumbers even in greenhouse cultivation, but when bloomless rootstock is used, it becomes soft and the stem grows to a large extent, resulting in length and length.
This is a problem because the yield is low. A study on bloom revealed that bloom is mainly composed of silicic acid, and bloomless rootstock was selected and bred from pumpkins that absorb little silicic acid. It was also found to induce powdery mildew in cucumbers. Bloomless rootstocks solve the apparent problems of cucumber, but not the physiological problems of the summer climate.

[0007] Further, in order to prevent summer loss, cultivation in high-lying areas, cultivation in rainy season, cultivating with radish, cultivating with cold gauze, etc. are carried out. However, these methods are limited in application target and area,
It is not a means to prevent summer loss applicable to the cultivation of any plant.

[0008]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Conventional measures such as irrigation, splicing, and cultivation under cover, which are carried out to prevent summer losses, have not been sufficient solutions. It is considered that this is because the essence of the damage caused by high temperature and strong sunshine was not understood.

The number of bentgrass one greens has recently been increasing at golf courses, but for the management of turf under high temperature and strong sunshine in the summer, sprinkler irrigation has been improved by a method called spraying water. However, at the golf course that operates in one green of Bentgrass, even if the lawn in summer loses its appearance, there is no choice but to continue operating. Regarding fruit production, crops that plant seedlings like strawberries,
During summer, it is possible to transfer to cool highlands, but with permanent crops such as peaches, oysters, apples, pears and tangerines, it is almost impossible. However, the market demands large fruits, high sugar, and long-term storage.

The inventor of the present invention is concerned with the damage caused by high temperature and strong sunlight.
As a result of diligent study, we found that photorespiration increased due to strong sunshine than at high temperature, malnutrition caused by decrease of photosynthetic products, glucose, etc., and alkaline damage of ferredoxin was the fundamental cause. Of.

[0011]

Therefore, the present inventor has accomplished the present invention by studying a method for eliminating the damage of ferredoxin, which is the main cause of summer defeat, and a method for shielding strong solar radiation. . That is, the present invention is a summer deterrent agent in which a pH of a 2: 1 type viscosity mineral having a particle size of 0.15 mm is adjusted to 7 or less with an organic acid or a salt thereof,
By spraying the summer deterrent of the present invention on the leaves, it neutralizes the alkalinity and shields it from high temperatures.
It prevents the damage of strong sunlight.

[0012] In order to eliminate the harm of ferredoxin caused by the increase of photorespiration due to strong solar radiation, it is considered effective to enhance the action of neutralizing the alkalinity which plants naturally respond to from the outside. When the utilization of acid was examined, it was not possible to find a preferable inorganic acid. Nitric acid, which is a typical inorganic acid, was expected to have an effect of fertilization because it contains fertilizer components, but on the contrary, addition of nitric acid causes damage of excessive fertilization and is sufficient to neutralize the alkaline damage of ferredoxin. It was difficult to apply a large amount. The same applies to sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.

However, it has been found that there are many effective organic acids. Although many organic acids are effective, acetic acid, citric acid, malic acid, organic acids involved in the TCA cycle, which is a respiratory process of organisms such as succinic acid, are preferable, and acetic acid, citric acid, malic acid are particularly preferable. As well as these acids, salts of these acids can be used as well.

As a method of adding the organic acid, a method of spraying the leaves on the plant, that is, foliar spraying is effective. further,
Organic acids include liquids such as acetic acid and acids that are solid at room temperature such as citric acid, but these organic acids are easily soluble in water and can be easily sprayed as foliar solutions as an aqueous solution. The concentration of the organic acid to be sprayed is preferably about 3%, and an acid obtained by mixing acetic acid, citric acid and malic acid is effective. In particular, as a direct therapeutic effect against ferredoxin, foliar application of organic acid is safe and highly effective.

As a countermeasure against strong sunshine, there is a cold cloth coat, but it cannot be used in a place such as a golf course. Therefore, it is conceivable to directly cover the plant with a light-shielding agent. As a method for directly covering the plant body, a high molecular compound sizing agent and the like can be considered, but in reality, these have weak light-shielding power, and if sprayed enough to shield the light, the growth of plants will be impaired. In some cases.

Regarding the light-shielding material for preventing strong solar radiation in summer, attention has been paid to the fact that silicic acid is the main component of the cucumber bloom, and the silicate clay mineral has been taken into consideration. Type 1 clay mineral has the property of expanding in volume when it absorbs moisture, and contracting in volume when it is dry. Also, it has excellent properties as a light-shielding material because it has excellent spreading properties on leaf surfaces. discovered.

However, many 2: 1 type clay minerals have a high base content, and there is a concern about their alkalinity. Therefore, by adding an organic acid to the 2: 1 type clay mineral to neutralize the alkalinity, and by making it acidic with an organic acid, it is possible to neutralize ferredoxin, which causes summer loss prevention by the organic acid. Settled. For this neutralizing action, various organic acids are preferable, and acetic acid having a small molecular weight is particularly preferable. Further, the 2: 1 type clay mineral has a property of absorbing water and swelling, and when a plant evaporates water, it is expected that this water will temporarily retain this water and lower the temperature of the plant. Furthermore, 2: 1 type clay minerals also have the property of easily adhering to the surface of plants,
Good spreadability, but when the 2: 1 type clay mineral is dried, the leaf surface becomes white, which is not preferable for lawns and foliage plants, but this problem reduces the particle size of the 2: 1 type clay mineral. Can be solved by

The 2: 1 type clay mineral is manufactured by crushing raw ore with a crusher and separating it by wind and fly, and generally has a particle size of 0.
Many of them are 15 mm or less and can be sufficiently used in the present invention. However, in consideration of coloring or stain after adhesion, it is 0.07.
It is desirable that the particle size be less than or equal to mm. The particle size is related to the adhesion of 2: 1 type clay minerals to plants and their appearance.
There is an important relationship with water retention. That is, if the particle size is coarse, the adhesion is poor and the appearance looks white. As the particle size becomes smaller, the light shielding property also increases. The number of particles of 1 g of 2: 1 type clay mineral having a particle size of 0.05 mm or less is 200 million or more, and the surface area is about 100 m.
^It is said to be ² . These values increase exponentially with decreasing particle size.

The particle size is closely related to the method of spraying as a summer deterrent. That is, as a method of spraying on the plant body, there is a method using a duster, and a method of suspending in water and spraying with a sprayer, but in the method using a duster, if the particle size is coarse, work efficiency and spreading effect Is reduced. Further, in the method using a sprayer, if the particle size is coarse, the passage through the nozzle is poor and the work efficiency is reduced.

Various types of 2: 1 type clay minerals usable in the present invention can be mentioned, but those belonging to bentonite are particularly preferable, and among them, calcium montmorillonite and magnesium montmorillonite are the main components. Those are preferable. Furthermore, in order to enhance the spreading effect, paraffin-based and polyoxyethylene-based spreading agents that are commonly used when spraying pesticides are used. May be used.

The pH of 2: 1 type clay minerals is generally 7.
Since it is in the range of 2 to 8.4, the summer deterrent for foliar application can be obtained by adding an organic acid or a salt of an organic acid to adjust the pH to 7 or less. The effect is exhibited when the pH is 7 or less, but it is particularly preferable to set the pH to 5.4 to 6.6. If the pH becomes lower than this, it will enter a region in which there is a risk of failure, so it is not preferable considering the recent increase in acid rain. Further, since the measurement of pH is difficult in the solid state, the pH of the suspension prepared by adding 10 times the weight of solid water was measured. For example, with 9 parts by weight of 2: 1 type clay mineral, 1 part by weight of organic acid and pH 6
A foliar spray liquid can be produced.

The plants to which the agent for preventing summer loss of the present invention can be applied include fruit vegetables, leaf vegetables, flowers, fruit trees and the like, which are temperate plants grown in the summer. Examples include tomatoes, peppers, citrus fruits, strawberries, cucumbers, spinach, lettuce, cabbage, honeywort, chrysanthemums, carnations, saintpaulia, cyclamen, mandarin oranges, late pears, grapes, kiwi, grass and rice.

[0023]

[Function] The summer deterrent agent of the present invention can be used for high temperature
By spraying the leaves of C3 plants that grow in strong sunlight, the damage of ferredoxin is weakened and the photosynthetic products are prevented from being depleted by photorespiration, and the plants are made healthy by the action of shading and adjusting the amount of transpirational water. Can be grown. It does not require a great deal of expense and labor unlike the conventional Yoshizushi and Kansai hangers, and can be used for normal work after spraying, and can be played on the grass green of a golf course. The summer deterrent agent of the present invention can be mixed and sprayed with a pesticide and a foliar spray agent, and can greatly save labor. In addition, the mixed spraying with pesticides can be expected to have the effect of preventing phytotoxicity and the effect of enhancing the efficacy.

[0024]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. Example 1 An organic acid and a 2: 1 type clay mineral were mixed with a ribbon mixer having a capacity of 20 liters by mixing 50 parts by weight of magnesium acetate and 25 parts by weight of citric acid and malic acid for 30 minutes.
Next, 90 parts by weight of montmorillonite from Shimane Prefecture having a particle size of 0.05 mm or less as a 2: 1 type clay mineral was added to 10 parts by weight of the organic acid mixture and mixed for 30 minutes to obtain a product. The product recovery rate for the raw materials was about 75%, but the organic acid recovery rate exceeded 98%. The obtained summer deterrent had a pH of 6.2.

Example 2 90 parts by weight of a 2: 1 type clay mineral was dried at 400 ° C. using a rotary dryer, and 5 parts by weight of acetic acid was added thereto.
Add 2.5 parts each of malic acid and citric acid, grind with a small experimental Raymond mill, and by air separation,
A product having a particle size of 0.05 mm or less was collected as a product. The product yield based on the raw materials was 75%. As a result of analyzing the organic acid, the recovery rate of the organic acid was 96%. The recovery rate of the organic acid seems to have increased because it reacted with the raw material components that are easily crushed and moved to the product part. The obtained summer deterrent had a pH of 6.1.

Example 3 A powder of the summer deterrent obtained in Example 1 was directly sprayed, and 1 part by weight of the powder was added to 100 parts by weight of water as a suspension to spray black paper and a phalaenopsis leaf, respectively. Sprinkled on. The pH of the suspension was 6.0. The portion of the black paper that was sprayed with the powder had poor adhesion of the sample, and most could be removed by stroking with a paint brush. On the other hand, in the portion suspended in water and sprayed on black paper, adhesion of white powder was observed in the observation after the water was dried after spraying. When I stroked it with a paint brush, some of the powder came off, but most of it remained attached.
Most of the powder sprayed on the moth orchid fell off when it was stroked with a paint brush, but at the part where the suspension was sprayed, the powder hardly fell even if it was stroked with a paint brush, and a spreading agent was added. Sufficient adhesion was obtained without doing so. Also,
Almost no difference was observed between the part of the moth orchid leaves with the suspension applied and the part without the application. In addition, no damage due to spraying / adhesion of the summer deterrent agent of the present invention was observed.

Example 4 The summer loss preventive agent of the present invention was applied to cucumber cultivation using a bloomless rootstock.

A suspension of 1 part by weight of the summer deterrent obtained in Example 1 in 100 parts by weight of water was sprayed on seedlings planted on August 4, and the same was done on August 12. Example 1
A suspension of 1 part by weight of the summer deterrent obtained in 1 above in 50 parts by weight of water was sprayed again. The application amount was set so that the application liquid would not fall from the cucumber leaves. The first and second application rates were about 100 and 220 liters per 10 ares, respectively. Whether the cucumber was growing healthy or growing was judged by observing how the stems were elongated.

On September 20, when the condition of the stem was observed, the stalk of the cucumber sprayed with the agent for preventing summer loss of the present invention was found to be bent, but the stalk of the non-scattered cucumber was almost bent. It was not observed, and in the non-scattered part of the cucumber, it was observed that the stems were straight without stretching. No bloom-like contamination was observed on the fruit.

Example 5 1 part by weight of the summer deterrent obtained in Example 1 was added to 100 parts of water.
After suspending in a weight part, it was sprayed on greenhouse-grown Satsuma mandarin orange (15th grader) on July 20 immediately after fruit harvest. The spraying amount was set so that the spraying liquid would not drop, and 400 liters were used per 10 ares.

The mandarin oranges after spraying had less leaves hanging than those without spraying. The number of flowers in the next spring was higher than that in non-scattered trees, and in particular, there were many healthy flowers in which the stigma of the pistil was higher than that of the stamen. In addition, the variety and yield of fruits were greatly improved.

Example 6 1 part by weight of the summer deterrent obtained in Example 1 was added to 100 parts of water.
Suspended in parts by weight, provided a sprayer spray hole on the shelf where the branch of kiwi stretches, and while rotating the spray hole, 10
200 liters were sprayed per are.

When the flowering state of the next year was observed after spraying, the occurrence of flower scab was less than in non-scattered trees. Furthermore, 60% of the pesticide-untreated plots had fruit soft rot that occurred during storage and ripening of the fruits, whereas the pesticide-treated plots had 12 pests.
%, The number of the summer deterrent treatment areas of the present invention decreased to 7%.

Example 7 The summer deterrent obtained in Example 1 was applied to chrysanthemums grown in greenhouses. As a spraying method, 1 part by weight of the summer deterrent of the present invention was added to 100 parts by weight of a spraying solution of Zineb agent, and sprayed at the end of August. Compared to the non-dispersed plants, the lower leaves withered less.

Example 8 The summer deterrent obtained in Example 1 was applied to bent green, which is a grass of a golf course. As the spraying method, 2 parts by weight of the summer deterrent of the present invention was suspended in 100 parts by weight of water, and sprayed on July 20 by a power sprayer. At the time of spraying, the turf showed signs of losing in the summer, and the leaf color of the turf was sticky to the ground with no color.

After a few hours of spraying, when viewed from a distance, it felt slightly whitish as compared to the non-scattered green, but it was not so visible to those who did not know the fact of spraying. In addition, after spraying on the green, he continued to play, and although there was some rain in the middle of the game, one week after spraying, the green color returned to the leaves of the lawn grass, the number of upright leaves increased, and the golf play condition was good. became.

[0037]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The agent for preventing summer loss according to the present invention is
By spraying on the foliage of a temperate plant that grows in strong sunlight, it dampens the harmful effects of ferredoxin, prevents the consumption of photosynthetic products due to photorespiration, and further protects the plant by the shading effect and the adjustment of transpiration water. Can grow. In addition, it is possible to mix sprays with pesticides and foliar sprays, which greatly saves labor. Also, in the mixed spray with pesticides,
It can also be expected to prevent phytotoxicity and enhance drug efficacy.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An agent for preventing summer loss of a plant, which is sprayed on the foliage of a plant, wherein a 2: 1 type clay mineral having a particle size of 0.15 mm or less is adjusted to pH 7.0 or less with an organic acid or a salt of an organic acid. A feature summer preventive agent for plants. 2. A method for producing a plant summer loss preventive agent which is sprayed on the foliage of a plant, wherein the particle size is 0.15 mm or less: 2.
The 1-type viscosity mineral is mixed with an organic acid or an organic acid salt to adjust the pH to 7.0 or lower, or the 2: 1-type viscosity mineral is mixed with an organic acid or an organic acid salt and ground to obtain a particle size. A method for producing a summer deterrent for plants, which has a pH of 0.15 mm or less and 7.0 or less.