JP2007217259A - Foliar spraying agent - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a foliar spraying agent of foliar spraying of fertilizer urea while avoiding the occurrence of biuret failure, and its manufacturing method. <P>SOLUTION: The foliar spraying agent is obtained by mixing a fertilizer urea with (a) 2:1-type clay mineral having a base substitution capacity of ≥60 mg equivalent and a particle diameter of ≤0.15 mm, (b) 2:1-type clay mineral which is converted to acid clay, (c) (a) or (b) 2:1-type clay mineral mixed with a trace amount of components such as magnesium acetate, potassium molybdate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ammonium citrate, copper sulfate, boric acid, and a specific component, or (d) (a) or (b) 2:1-type clay mineral mixed with sucrose and magnesium acetate, respectively. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an obstacle preventing agent for enabling the fertilizer urea to be sprayed on a crop safely.

  Applying fertilizer to the entire above-ground part of the crop is called foliar spraying, and fertilizer nutrients used for foliar spraying are called surface spraying agents.

  Although the history of foliar spraying is older than expected, the foliar spraying of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium fertilizers was after the Second World War and it became possible to artificially synthesize urea. . As a method of additionally fertilizing nitrogen fertilizer components, a method of spraying an aqueous solution of urea over the entire crop body with a sprayer or the like has been taken.

  Later, industrial production of urea for fertilizers began, and urea for fertilizers was used not only for foliar spraying but also for nitrogen raw materials for liquid fertilizers and for foliar spraying It became so. However, the foliar application of urea and liquid fertilizer for fertilizers often resulted in fulminant or chronic problems. As the fertilizer urea is granulated, the occurrence of failures increases, and it is almost impossible to spray the fertilizer urea on the leaves.

  On the other hand, mixed use of sucrose has been effective in preventing damage caused by foliar spraying of urea, but it is not effective in preventing damage to urea for fertilizer.

  As a result of intensive studies on the cause of failure caused by foliar spray containing urea, the present inventor classified the cause of failure as follows. Then, the countermeasures for each cause of failure are examined as follows.

(A) By ammonia It is widely known that ammonia is toxic to living organisms. It is easy to understand that damage will occur if ammonia is sprayed directly on the plant. Ammonia is often contained when phosphoric acid is used as the phosphoric acid source of the foliar spray, and as a countermeasure, it can be solved by using potassium phosphate.

  In addition, urea-calcium chloride salt obtained by reacting at 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. is used as an active ingredient so that the plant body does not wither due to ammonia generated when urea is used as a foliar spray. This is disclosed in JP-A-8-301679.

(B) By nitric acid Nitric acid is absorbed and assimilated by the roots of the crop, but this assimilation function has not developed in the above-ground part of the crop. In addition, even when nitric acid is absorbed from the root, if it is absorbed beyond this assimilation function, it is adsorbed on the chlorophyll of the leaf and inhibits the function of chlorophyll. It is easily understood that nitric acid is a kind of nitrogen oxide that has become a hot topic recently, and it changes into various nitrogen oxides in crops and causes damage.

  Therefore, as a measure for preventing trouble caused by ammonia / nitric acid, urea is used as a nitrogen source.

(C) Due to pH of spray liquid This problem is a problem discovered by the present inventors through experiments on the foliar spraying of an alkaline extract of humic acid. In the case of using kakari to dissolve / extract humic acid, which is dissolved in water and sprayed on the foliage, the degree of phytotoxicity varies depending on the pH of the spray liquid. That is, the pH is 6.8 or less and 5.4 or more, and there is a safety region in the range of 8.0 to 8.2. And if it remove | deviates from this pH area | region, chemical damage will generate | occur | produce easily.
This measure can be solved by using a pH buffer or the like while strictly adjusting the pH.

(D) Air temperature at the time of spraying It is publicly known that chemical damage is likely to occur when the air temperature is 28 ° C. or higher and 5 ° C. or lower. In this temperature range, the growth of general crops decreases, so the necessity for foliar spraying is low.

(E) Excessive application of nitrogen component when sugar content is insufficient Most fertilizer components are absorbed in minerals and are useful for nutrition while remaining inorganic, but nitrogen and sulfur change to organic matter (amino acids) before being useful for nutrition is there. In order to change to organic matter, a large amount of sugar (photosynthesis product) is required. If nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed on the foliage due to insufficient sugar, a disorder similar to excess ammonia occurs.

(F) Obstacles caused by subcomponents Many failures caused by subcomponents are caused by chlorine damage caused by potassium chloride. Kali chloride is used as a raw material for kari when liquid fertilizer is used for foliar application. This can only be used at a low concentration by increasing the dilution factor as a countermeasure for reducing the damage. However, carrying out foliar application at a low concentration reduces the work efficiency and further reduces the absorption efficiency of fertilizer nutrients from the foliage. Therefore, the fertilization effect by foliar application is underestimated and hinders the spread of foliar application technology.
Countermeasures for damage caused by fertilizer subcomponents are mainly Karihara's problems and can be solved by selecting raw materials. That is, it can be solved by using potassium phosphate or potassium sulfate instead of potassium chloride.

(G) Impurities due to impurities Considering the causes described in (a) and (b) above, urea is judged to be the most effective nitrogen raw material for foliar sprays. And since foliar spraying is used as additional fertilization, it is necessary to consider that the fertilization effect of nitrogen is high.
JP-A-8-301679

However, spraying cheap urea for fertilizer on the foliage causes acute or chronic damage. Therefore, the present inventor has noticed that the occurrence of failure is biased toward fertilizer urea, and has found that the cause of the failure is caused by biuret contained in the fertilizer urea.
Originally, the failure of biuret occurred when urea fertilizer was applied to the original manure grown in barley and became a problem. Therefore, research on the occurrence of biuret failure has been conducted only for soil application.

So, when I arranged about the characteristics of biuret and the conditions of failure caused by soil application,
(A) The solubility of biuret in water is relatively high, with respect to 100 g of water, 125 g at a water temperature of 0 ° C. and 45 g at 106 ° C. And the point that the solubility with respect to the water of the said biuret increases as water temperature falls is characteristic compared with a general substance.

(B) It is said that the occurrence of a biuret failure is likely to occur at a low temperature and hardly occurs at a high temperature. And it is speculated that the reason for this is that if the temperature is high, microbial activity becomes active and decomposition by the microorganism is promoted.
On the other hand, biuret increases in solubility at low temperatures and decreases at high temperatures, but it has not been clarified whether this is related to the occurrence of failures.

(C) Biuret is said to tend to decompose quickly in paddy soil and to be delayed in field soil. This is inconsistent with the theory that the degradation of biuret is due to the action of microorganisms.
That is, the field soil has more microbial activity than the paddy field soil. However, it is considered that faster decomposition in paddy soil suggests that it is less related to microbial activity.

(D) Biuret is hardly adsorbed on soil, but there is a theory that it may become an addition compound like urea. However, it is not clear what kind of soil has a lot of adsorption and the relationship between soil adsorption and the occurrence of damage.

(E) About the physiological harmful effect of biuret, it is said that the chemical structure resembles a peptide bond, and therefore inhibits the action of proteolytic enzymes.

  Actually, biuret damage is caused by the occurrence of germination damage by applying fertilizer urea to the original fertilizer of wheat, or when it is sprayed on pineapple leaves, or when foliar spraying is applied to cucumbers, tea trees, etc. The decline has occurred and the yield has been reduced.

  At present, there is almost no damage caused by soil application, but the damage of biuret caused by foliar application is due to the intense yellow leaf / dying leaves, and the leaf color is bluish dark green and the leaf edge is cupped on the lower side. It occurs with a variety of symptoms, such as bending in the shape of a tree, declining tree vigor, and significantly reducing yield. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary and urgent to prevent the occurrence of damage to the biuret that occurs with the foliar application of fertilizer urea.

  It is recognized that urea for fertilizer contains more than 2% as a biuret under the Fertilizer Control Law. Therefore, expensive urea called purified urea / medicinal urea has been used as urea used for foliar spray. Thus, foliar sprays are expensive and economical even when used for high-end horticultural crops, but the current situation is that they are difficult to use for general crops.

  Biuret is an organic compound having a molecular weight of 103 g generated by a condensation reaction in which one molecule of ammonia can be taken from two molecules of urea when urea is heated to 150 to 170 ° C. Therefore, it is difficult to completely remove from the manufacturing method of urea for fertilizer, and further, when urea is granulated, it increases.

  The above-described purified urea / medicinal urea is manufactured in a different manner from fertilizer urea or by washing and purifying the fertilizer urea with alcohol. Therefore, the increase in cost is unavoidable.

  Then, the subject of this invention is providing the foliar spraying agent which can carry out the foliar spraying of the urea for fertilizers, avoiding the failure generation | occurrence | production of biuret.

  The present inventor has been able to summarize and summarize the following as a result of examining the cause of failure of biuret in foliar application.

(A) It turned out that the absorption method in the foliar application of urea differs from the absorption method from a root. In absorption from the root, urea decomposes and is absorbed as ammonia, but in absorption from the leaf surface, urea does not decompose and become ammonia, but is absorbed as urea molecules, and the ornithine circuit Assimilated by reverse reaction. Biuret is also absorbed in the same way as urea. When biuret is added to this assimilation, the reaction between ornithine and urea is hindered, and abnormal production of arginine is the cause of the failure.

(B) When urea and biuret coexist in foliar application, the absorption of biuret is promoted and the occurrence of failure is promoted. This can be easily understood when urea is used for foliar spraying because the absorption of coexisting substances is promoted by the surfactant action of urea.

(C) In order to prevent the failure of biuret in the foliar spraying of fertilizer urea, suppressing absorption from the biuret leaf surface is determined to be a fundamental measure.

  As a result of intensive investigations on how to avoid the occurrence of biuret failure, the present inventor adsorbed and bound biuret to 2: 1 type clay minerals to reduce solubility, thereby reducing absorption from the foliage, and for fertilizer The present invention was completed by succeeding in preventing the occurrence of a biuret failure in urea leaf spraying.

  That is, the invention according to claim 1 is a foliar spraying agent comprising fertilizer urea containing a 2: 1 type clay mineral having a base substitution capacity of 60 milligram equivalent or more and a particle size of 0.15 mm or less.

  Invention of Claim 2 is a foliar spraying agent of Claim 1 using the 2: 1 type clay mineral acidified to clay.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the foliage according to claim 1 or 2, which contains trace elements / special components containing acetic acid clay, potassium molybdate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ammonium citrate, copper sulfate and boric acid. It is a spraying agent.

  Invention of Claim 4 is a foliar spray of Claim 1 or 2 which mix | blended sucrose and magnesium acetate.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to effectively fertilize the nitrogen component by the foliar spraying of the fertilizer urea while avoiding the occurrence of the biuret failure.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1, clouding and precipitation of the foliar spray using the 2: 1 type clay mineral that has been converted to acid clay can be prevented.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1 or 2, a trace element / special component having a high effect of enhancing fertilization is blended in advance with the foliar spray agent, thereby reducing the complexity of farm work. Can be resolved.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1 or 2, it is possible to prevent excessive damage of nitrogen due to lack of carbohydrates.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
2: 1 type clay minerals have long been known to adsorb and retain proteins or peptide bonds, and the technology for precipitating and crystallizing proteins by adding 2: 1 clay minerals to dilute protein solutions Is known. It is already known that this action occurs because the amino group and carboxyl group of the amino acid constituting the protein bind to the functional group of the 2: 1 type clay mineral and seal these hydrophilic groups.

<Preliminary experiment>
The present inventor has focused on the fact that the chemical structure of biuret is similar to the peptide bond, and considered that the solubility is decreased by binding to the 2: 1 type clay mineral, and the test as shown in Experimental Example 1 is performed. Did.

Experimental example 1

  In order to know whether 2: 1 type clay mineral is effective for adsorbing and insolubilizing biuret, add 2: 1 type clay mineral to biuret aqueous solution and filter using filter paper, and the amount of biuret in filtrate Was measured.

  In the experimental method, 1 part of biuret is dissolved in 100 parts of water, 10 parts of various 2: 1 type clay minerals are added thereto, and the mixture is allowed to stand overnight with shaking and then filtered with filter paper, and contained in the filtrate. The amount of biuret was measured and obtained as a recovery rate.

  The biuret quantitative analysis method was in accordance with the fertilizer analysis method (1977 version), Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

Table 1 shows the main characteristics of the test clay mineral and the biuret recovery rate.

  Based on the above results, the characteristics of clay minerals will be summarized in order to examine the mechanism of the failure prevention effect.

  Natural minerals are roughly classified into primary minerals and secondary minerals. The primary mineral is a solidified cold lava, and the secondary mineral is decomposed into molecules and atoms after the primary mineral is weathered and decomposed, and in the water, etc. Bonded and recrystallized.

  Clay minerals are classified into 1: 1 type clay minerals and 2: 1 type clay minerals. The 1: 1 type clay mineral is a combination of silica and aluminum in a 1: 1 ratio. The 2: 1 type clay mineral is formed by sandwiching two layers of silicic acid and sandwiching one layer of aluminum, bitumen or iron in a sandwich shape.

  The clay mineral is negatively charged and exchanges various cations to adsorb. This property is called base substitution ability or cation exchange ability. The cation exchange capacity of the 1: 1 type clay mineral is called pH-dependent negative charge, and the number of negative charges varies as the pH changes, and the power of the charge is weak. On the other hand, the cation exchange capacity of the 2: 1 type clay mineral is called permanent negative charge, and the number of negative charges does not change even if the pH varies. And the force of the charge is strong, the range which an electric charge influences is wide, and forms a layer called a diffusion double layer. In particular, the inner layer of the diffusion double layer is strong.

  The amount of base substitution capacity or cation exchange capacity represents the number of negative charges, and is said to be base substitution capacity or cation exchange capacity (hereinafter referred to as CEC.). expressed in units of “me.”. And CEC. 10 me. The CEC. Of 2: 1 type clay mineral is as follows. Is 60 me. That's it. This CEC. The type of both clay minerals is specified by the difference.

Further, there are other types of 2: 1 type clay minerals. There are broadly classified into montmorillonite, vermiculite and illite. The sericite belongs to the vermiculite system, and the montmorillonite belongs to the montmorillonite system. These types are rarely produced alone, and most are produced by mixing with other clay minerals. What is regarded as important in the production and processing methods of clay minerals is the pulverization and sieving technology, which is a means for selecting the various types of clay minerals as pure as possible. Commercially available clay minerals have particle sizes ranging from several mm to 0.05 mm.
In addition, 2: 1 type clay minerals are produced in various parts of Japan, and a lot of foreign ones are imported.

  In order to know the relationship between biuret and 2: 1 type clay mineral in detail, an experiment as shown in Experimental Example 2 was performed.

Experimental example 2

  A solution in which 1 part of biuret was dissolved in 100 parts of water was prepared, and 1 to 20 parts of montmorillonite B used in Experimental Example 1 was added thereto to determine the biuret recovery rate.

The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

  As the result of Experimental Example 2 proves, since the addition amount of clay mineral and the biuret recovery rate change proportionally, it is determined that the adsorption capacity of clay mineral and the affinity of biuret are high. And judging together with the result of Experimental Example 1, the function of adsorbing biuret is related to the base substitution ability of the clay mineral, and the adsorption amount is CEC. A tendency proportional to is observed. And biuret appears to behave like a monovalent cation.

Experimental example 3

  The chemical structural formula of biuret is considered to be multivalent ions. In order to clarify that it behaves as a monovalent ion like the result of Experimental Example 2, the following experiment was performed.

  A solution was prepared by dissolving 2 parts of biuret in 100 parts of water, and this was used as a biuret stock solution. According to the test design shown in Table 3, the biuret stock solution and water were placed in a shaker bottle, followed by the addition of a predetermined amount of 2: 1 type clay mineral. The 2: 1 type clay mineral used was montmorillonite B used in Experimental Example 1. And after adding and shaking and stirring using a shaker for about 3 hours, it filtered using the filter paper.

  For the filtrate, the concentration of biuret was measured using the method shown in Experimental Example 1. Then, this measured value was set as the first next yield according to Experimental Example 1.

On the other hand, the 2: 1 type clay mineral and the like on the filter paper were washed three times with cold water containing ice and subjected to the following treatment. Transfer the 2: 1 type clay mineral etc. on the washed filter paper together with the filter paper to a wide-mouthed shaker bottle, and add 1 mol / l of sodium acetate solution to the total volume of biuret stock solution and ice shown in the test design. After stirring for about 3 hours using a shaker, the mixture was filtered using filter paper. The biuret in the filtrate was measured. And the ratio with respect to the amount of biuret adsorb | sucked to the clay mineral was calculated | required, and it was set as the 2nd next yield. The experimental results are shown in Table 3 and FIG.

  What was discovered by this experiment is that experiment NO. 2-6, biuret reacts as a monovalent to pentavalent cation to the 2: 1 type clay mineral, and the experiment No. 6-11, biuret adsorbed on 2: 1 type clay mineral is extracted with sodium acetate, but less than 20% of the maximum adsorbed amount is adsorbed on 2: 1 type clay mineral, and extracted with sodium acetate. Is not.

Experimental Example 4

  From the above experimental example, it was revealed that the 2: 1 type clay mineral adsorbs and insolubilizes biuret, so that the failure of biuret during foliar spraying and the prevention effect of the 2: 1 type clay mineral are confirmed. Therefore, an experiment as shown in Experimental Example 4 was performed.

  As the test clay mineral, sericite and montmorillonite B used in Experimental Example 1 were used. In addition to the untreated section, the test section has a test section where 1 part or 5 parts of montmorillonite B is added to a solution obtained by dissolving 1 part of biuret in 100 parts of water, and 2 parts and 8 parts of sericite are added. A test zone was established.

As a prototype, five cucumber seedlings were used. And the clay mineral was mix | blended with the said biuret solution with the powder, and this mixture was apply | coated to the whole using the brush with the cucumber seedling.
After the above treatment, abnormalities were observed in the growth of 0 parts (no addition of clay mineral) of cucumber seedlings from around the 4th day. And this initial symptom was similar when the urea for fertilizer was sprayed on the foliage.

The result of this experiment is an investigation of the situation on the 14th day after processing. The results are as introduced in Table 4.

  From the above results, it was confirmed that 2: 1 type clay mineral was effective in preventing phytotoxicity of biuret. And it was judged that it was effective at 1.0 part or more of 2: 1 type clay mineral with respect to 1 part of biuret.

<Implementation method;
Based on the above experimental example, an embodiment for producing a foliar spray by mixing urea for fertilizer and 2: 1 type clay mineral will be described below.
In carrying out the embodiments of the present invention, the following should be kept in mind.
The object of the present invention is to avoid obstruction of biuret in fertilizer urea. And the content of biuret in the urea for fertilizers is allowed to contain “0.02% biuret nitrogen per 1.0% of the total nitrogen content” in the official standard defined by the Fertilizer Control Law. Therefore, the upper limit of the biuret content of fertilizer urea is 2.4%. And considering the results obtained in Experimental Example 3 together with 100 parts of urea for fertilizer, CEC. 140me. 2: 1 type clay mineral, 170-860 parts, CEC. 100 me. 2: 1 type clay mineral, 240-1200 parts, and CEC. 60 me. In the case of the 2: 1 type clay mineral, it was found that biuret was adsorbed and insolubilized in 400 to 1200 parts.
CEC of 2: 1 type clay mineral for 1 part of fertilizer urea. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between and the amount added.

  The present invention is necessary for using fertilizer urea that is generally distributed for foliar spraying. Therefore, there is little merit which manufactures the foliar spray by mixing urea for fertilizer and 2: 1 type clay mineral. Also, in the fertilizer control law, mixing 2: 1 type clay minerals is subject to regulations as foreign matter, so that it is difficult to realize under the current laws and regulations.

  As a technique for spraying mineral substances on plant leaves, various mineral substances are used as agrochemical carriers. As for the minerals, primary minerals such as talc and secondary minerals, that is, as clay minerals, a 1: 1 type clay mineral called kaolin is mainly used, and a 2: 1 type clay mineral is not used. There are various causes for this, but the 2: 1 type clay mineral has a higher hygroscopicity and swellability than the primary mineral and the secondary type 1: 1 type mineral, and has been formulated. Later, the shape of the agent collapses, and the medicinal effect changes with time, sometimes causing phytotoxicity. Therefore, the present invention is the first foliar application of 2: 1 type clay mineral.

  Using the present invention, an attempt was made to produce a foliar spray using fertilizer urea as a raw material, but it was found that the product containing urea is unstable in quality. The cause is not preferable because the hygroscopicity of urea acts on the hygroscopicity of the 2: 1 type clay mineral to promote the shape change of the product and further the decomposition of urea. In addition, when 2: 1 type clay mineral is added to the foliar spray containing phosphoric acid and potassium components, it will react with the base contained in the 2: 1 type clay mineral to reduce the solubility of phosphoric acid and potassium. I also found out. In addition, although it can be solved by converting the 2: 1 type clay mineral into acid clay by a known method as these countermeasures, it is difficult to implement according to the fertilizer control law.

  Therefore, the product for carrying out the present invention uses, as the first form, a simple 2: 1 type clay mineral, or a simple 1% type clay mineral. As 2nd form, 2: 1 type clay mineral simple substance, or various trace elements, a special component, sugar, etc. are added to acid clay, and it is not limited to the occurrence of damage due to urea for fertilizers, but occurs with foliar application. It is intended to comprehensively prevent the occurrence of various failures. Note that in the case of the second embodiment, it is not subject to the Fertilizer Control Law. The manufacturing method is introduced in detail in the examples.

<How to use>
The method of use will be described in detail in the Examples, but in summary, an obstacle generation inhibitor containing 2: 1 type clay mineral or the like is added to the water for dissolving the fertilizer urea in an amount approximately twice the amount of the fertilizer urea. Apply to the leaf surface using a sprayer. If it is deemed necessary to apply phosphoric acid and potassium components, commercially available phosphoric acid and potassium leaf spraying agents can be mixed at the same time and sprayed onto the leaf surfaces.

  Foliar spraying is a fertilizer application method in which fertilizer nutrients are used as an aqueous solution and sprayed on the crop leaves with a sprayer or the like. In this case, the 2: 1 type clay mineral according to the present invention does not dissolve in water but exists in a suspended state.

This suspension state is stably maintained by the mechanism of the sprayer, but the problem is the size of the nozzle hole. That is, the size of the nozzle hole must be 0.5 mm or less, and therefore the particle size of the clay mineral must be 0.5 mm or less. And in order to maintain a suspended state more favorably, it is 0.15 mm or less, More preferably, it is 0.07 mm or less.

  There are various types and qualities of 2: 1 type clay minerals, and the selection of the base substitution capacity is 60 me. More preferably, 100 me. That's it.

  First, the specific implementation method was implemented according to Experimental Example 4 using urea for fertilizer. That is, 1 part of urea for fertilizer was dissolved in 50 parts of water, and 2: 1 type clay mineral used in Experimental Example 4 was added to 100 parts of this urea solution according to Table 5. The biuret content of the tested urea for fertilizer was 2%. A foliar spray solution in which 1 part of fertilizer urea is dissolved in 50 parts of water corresponds to the maximum concentration of the purified urea foliar spray solution. The foliar spray solution was applied to five cucumber seedlings with five brushes according to Experimental Example 4 and treated three times at intervals of 4 days.

Table 5 shows the results of observation and investigation of the growth state of cucumber seedlings on the seventh day after the treatment.

  From the above results, if the fertilizer urea is within the limits of the fertilizer control law with respect to 100 parts of the fertilizer urea, it is judged that the 2: 1 type clay mineral is effective at 2 parts or more. The upper limit of addition is judged not to be strictly limited because there is not much influence of 2: 1 type clay mineral on crops. Rather, it is limited by the workability of foliar application. In other words, since the 2: 1 type clay mineral is insoluble in water, the added amount increases the physical properties of the spray liquid. However, since the concentration of urea for fertilizer sprayed on the foliage is 2% or less, the amount of 2: 1 type clay mineral added may be 10 times the amount of urea for fertilizer.

  As a 2: 1 type clay mineral, cation exchange capacity of 140 me. Then, after adding 200 parts of montmorillonite having a particle size of 0.063 mm or less and mixing, immediately dissolve in a ratio of 100 parts of water to 1 part of urea for granular fertilizer to make a foliar spray solution. The surface was sprayed.

  In Example 1, 2: 1 type clay mineral was added to the urea solution, but in this example, urea for fertilizer was mixed with 2: 1 type clay mineral and then dissolved in water. To do.

In the experiment, three types of crops were selected as target crops: cucumber, wild grass, and tea, and cucumbers were prepared with 5 seedlings per nuclear test section. Noshiba used what was growing on the nursery of the golf course, divided by 1 m ² . For tea, we prepared five 4th-year seedlings growing in the field for each experimental section. The cultivation management during the experiment was carried out according to the custom.
1. No treatment: No foliar application.
2. Fertilizer urea: 1 part of urea for fertilizer is dissolved in 100 parts of water and sprayed on the leaves.
3. Same as above: 2 parts of 2: 1 type clay mineral is added to 1 part of urea for fertilizer, dissolved in 100 parts of water and sprayed on the leaves.

The leaf surface was sprayed using a small hand sprayer until the leaf surface was sufficiently wet, and sprayed until no water droplets dropped. And spraying was implemented 5 times at 5-day intervals.
The addition of the failure occurrence inhibitor and the 2: 1 type clay mineral made the spray liquid cloudy, but it did not hinder the spraying operation.

前記２．では程度の差はあるが、葉色、草勢に異常を認めた。特に茶では異常落葉が観察された。しかし前記３．には葉面散布による生育の増進は見られたが、全く異常は見られなかった。 Table 6 shows the results of investigating the occurrence of phytotoxicity on the fifth day after the completion of the treatment.

2. However, there was an abnormality in the leaf color and the vigor of the grass, although there were differences in degree. Abnormal fallen leaves were observed especially in tea. However, said 3. In the case, the growth of foliage was observed, but no abnormality was observed.

  In general, an experiment on prevention of phytotoxicity of commercially available urea liquid fertilizer was performed as follows, and the degree of phytotoxicity was observed.

  The liquid fertilizer used has a guaranteed fertilizer component value of 15% nitrogen (of which 5% is ammonia), 4% phosphoric acid and 6% potassium, and is made from urea, phosphoric acid and potassium chloride. And it is used by the low density | concentration of 500 to 1000 times to use for foliar application.

  In this example, the chemical injury inhibitor used in Example 2 was added at a ratio of 20 parts to 100 parts by weight of the liquid fertilizer.

  The other experimental methods were carried out according to Example 1, and the liquid fertilizer was diluted with water in three stages of 50 times, 100 times, and 250 times.

前記１．の障害はその症状から判断して、主に塩化加里による無機質塩による濃度障害によると考えられる。 The experimental results are shown in Table 7.

1 above. Judging from the symptom, this disorder is thought to be mainly due to a concentration disorder due to inorganic salts caused by potassium chloride.

  Four times as much 20% hydrochloric acid solution was added to montmorillonite A, one of the 2: 1 type clay minerals used as a phytotoxic agent in Example 1, heated, then washed thoroughly with water, dried by heating and acidified. White clay was produced. This method for producing acidic soil is known.

  The purpose of converting the 2: 1 type clay mineral to acid clay is that if the residual liquid of the foliar spray solution used in Example 3 was left untreated, it became cloudy and precipitated after a while. This cloudiness / precipitation state is different from that of the 2: 1 type clay mineral due to coarse particles. Therefore, when the cause of cloudiness was investigated, it was clear that bases such as potato, lime, and bitter earth contained in 2: 1 type clay minerals and phosphoric acid in liquid fertilizer react to form sparingly soluble double salts. As a result, the 2: 1 type clay mineral was converted to acid clay, and bases such as lime and bitter earth were removed to prevent clouding and precipitation of the foliar spray. This is a problem that requires attention because it can cause reduction in the fertilizer effect of foliar sprays such as potato, lime, and mould, and phosphoric acid.

  Commercially available phosphoric acid potassium foliar sprays include 0% nitrogen, 34% phosphoric acid, 22% potassium, and nitrification inhibitor ST. Although containing 0.4%, 40 parts of this phosphoric acid foliar spray, 60 parts of fertilizer urea, and 100 parts of the acid clay were added, and the mixture was placed in a ribbon mixer and stirred for 30 minutes. As a result of chemical analysis, the product was found to contain 13.8% nitrogen, 6.8% phosphoric acid, and 4.4% potassium.

After production, after standing for 1 month, it was dissolved in 1 part of the product at a ratio of 100 parts of water, and no abnormality was observed other than cloudiness due to acid clay. The product was left open in the room, but no change in shape due to moisture absorption or the like was observed. Furthermore, as a result of chemical analysis, the results shown in Table 8 were obtained, and stabilization of product quality was confirmed by acid clay.

For 1 part of the product dissolved in 100 parts of water and 1 part of commercial foliar spray (containing 30% nitrogen, 10% phosphoric acid, 10% potassium) dissolved in 200 parts water According to Example 2, foliar spraying was performed. The results are shown in Table 9.

  Trace elements / special components (37 parts of acetic acid clay, 1 part of potassium molybdate, 25 parts of zinc sulfate, 20 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of ammonium citrate to 85 parts of the 2: 1 type clay mineral used in Example 2 A foliar spraying agent for the purpose of preventing the failure of fertilizer urea and enhancing the fertilization effect was prepared by blending 15 parts (comprising 2 parts of copper sulfate and 10 parts of boric acid).

  Foliar application is additional fertilization in the fertilization work. In top dressing, the purpose is often to supplement the nitrogen component, and it is not necessary to apply top dressing because phosphoric acid and potassium are sufficient for the top manure.

  However, the foliar application effect of trace elements and special components is high for most crops. However, it is very troublesome for farmers to procure and blend the trace elements and special components. Therefore, it is judged that it is reasonable to mix and supply it with the failure prevention agent.

  The manufacturing method is to measure the raw materials of the trace element and the special component, respectively, pulverize them to a particle size of 0.1 mm or less using a normal impact pulverizer, mix them at the same time, and then add 2: 1 type clay to a ribbon mixer. It was carried out in the process of adding together with minerals, stirring for 30 minutes, selecting and mixing.

  The usage was done in a nursery of green grass (bentgrass / pencross) for golf. And the foliar spray liquid mix | blended 2 parts of this disorder generation prevention agent with respect to 1 part of urea for fertilizers, melt | dissolved in 100 parts of water, and was set as the spray liquid. The spraying method was carried out by spraying the leaves with a small hand sprayer.

The section where the spray solution was sprayed was called the inhibitor group. And the urea section for fertilizers which melt | dissolved 1 part of urea for fertilizers in a non-spreading area fertilizer in 100 parts of water as an object was provided. The spray liquid amount was 200 ml / 1 m ² . Other experimental methods and investigation methods were the same as in Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 10.

Originally, foliar spraying is topdressing, and in many cases topdressing is intended to replenish the nitrogen component, and it is not necessary to keep secret because phosphoric acid and potassium can be applied to the original manure.
As already introduced, many of the various fertilizer components are inorganic and are absorbed and useful for nutrition while remaining inorganic, but nitrogen and sulfur are absorbed by inorganic and assimilated into organic and useful. In order to assimilate to organic matter, a large amount of carbohydrate, which is a large amount of photosynthetic product, is consumed. It is said that crops require a large amount of photosynthetic products and carbohydrates for fruit production and nitrogen assimilation. Therefore, when the amount of free carbohydrates in the crop body is insufficient, if nitrogen fertilizer works, it will cause excess nitrogen and cause diseases such as infectious diseases.

  On the other hand, it is already known that sucrose foliar spraying helps to replenish carbohydrates when there is a shortage of free carbohydrates in crops. In addition, research by the present inventor has revealed that foliar application of acetic acid, which is a metabolite of carbohydrates in vivo, is also effective and more effective than sucrose.

  In many cases, fertilizer urea is applied to the foliar surface after the bad weather continues, and the goal is to quickly recover the growth of the crop at the same time as the weather recovers. It is easy to cause excessive nitrogen damage.

The purpose of this example is not only to prevent the occurrence of damage caused by biuret of urea for fertilizer, but also to prevent the excessive damage of nitrogen due to insufficient sugar.
As the sucrose, commercially available white sucrose was used. In this case, it is necessary to be careful to select those not mixed with other saccharides such as glucose.
As the acetic acid source, commercially available magnesium acetate was used. Magnesium, together with nitrogen, is an important component that constitutes chlorophyll.

  The amount of sucrose added so far has been about 1% with respect to the foliar spray. However, since the purpose of sucrose addition is to improve the imbalance between nitrogen and carbohydrates, it was thought that the amount of sucrose relative to the amount of nitrogen should be determined. As a result of intensive investigations on this point, the present inventor has found that it is appropriate to add about 7 parts or more of sucrose to 1 part of the nitrogen component, and therefore about 3 parts or more of sucrose to 1 part of urea. I discovered that. Therefore, the mixing ratio of the three is an appropriate amount of 40 parts of 2: 1 type clay mineral, 55 parts of sucrose, and 5 parts of magnesium acetate.

In the production method, commercially available magnesium acetate was pulverized with an impact pulverizer to a particle size of 5 mm or less, a predetermined amount was weighed, put into a ribbon mixer, and then the 2: 1 type clay mineral used in Example 2 and A predetermined amount of the commercially available upper white sugar is added and stirred for 30 minutes.
For usage, 1 part of urea for fertilizer and 5 parts of this product are mixed and dissolved in 100 parts of water and sprayed on the leaves of the crop using a sprayer.

On 1 July after the rainy season, this leaf spray solution was sprayed on the golf course at a rate of 200 ml per 1 m ² . And as a result of comparing the amount of cut grass when mowing with no spraying, it was recognized that there was a large difference. The results are shown in Table 11.

  The present invention is not limited to the occurrence of damage due to fertilizer urea using a 2: 1 type clay mineral, and it is possible to comprehensively prevent the occurrence of various kinds of damage caused by foliar spraying. As extremely useful.

It is a figure which shows the result of having conducted the experiment which sees what bivalent works as a valence ion with respect to 2: 1 type clay mineral. CEC of 2: 1 type clay mineral for 1 part of fertilizer urea. It is a figure which shows the relationship between and its addition amount.

Claims (4)

  A foliar spraying agent comprising a fertilizer urea containing a 2: 1 type clay mineral having a base substitution capacity of 60 milligram equivalent or more and a particle size of 0.15 mm or less.   The foliar spraying agent of Claim 1 using the 2: 1 type | mold clay mineral made into acid clay.   The foliar spraying agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a trace element / special component containing acetic acid clay, potassium molybdate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ammonium citrate, copper sulfate and boric acid is blended.   The foliar spraying agent of Claim 1 or 2 which mix | blended sucrose and magnesium acetate.

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