JPH06189689A - Artificial feed for cultivation of fish and shellfish resistant to disintegration and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prepare an artificial feed resistant to disintegration and diffusion when thrown into water and effectively ingested by fish, etc., at a high rate. CONSTITUTION:The artificial feed for the cultivation of fish and shellfish and resistant to disintegration can be produced by compounding 100 pts.wt. of an artificial feed with 0.5-20 pts.wt. of sodium alginate, forming the obtained artificial feed mixture, coating the surface of the uncured formed feed with a 0.2-30wt.% aqueous solution of sodium alginate and cross-linking and curing the feed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a non-disintegrating artificial feed for fish and shellfish culture and a method for producing the same. The artificial feed for fish and shellfish aquaculture in the present invention includes, in addition to fish and shellfish, shellfish such as shrimp, crab and oysters, turtles such as turtles, sea turtles and other backlash animals such as ascidians, sea urchins and spinous skins such as sea cucumbers. animal,
It is a general term for feed for aquaculture of aquatic animals such as octopus and squid.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Artificial bait for aquaculture has been used in large quantities as the aquaculture business has grown. In addition, the variety of aquaculture target organisms has been increasing with the diversification. On the other hand, when these artificial baits are dropped into seawater, they absorb water, swell and cause strength deterioration, and physically break down by external force such as waves, or chemically break down by various ions contained in seawater. It is known that such collapsed foods accumulate on the seabed without being fed and cause environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need for an artificial feed for aquaculture that is capable of suppressing environmental pollution to a minimum and is unlikely to collapse in seawater.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to obtain an artificial bait for aquaculture that is particularly suitable for the cultivation of marine benthic organisms such as sea urchin and abalone among fish and shellfish, and is hard to disintegrate in seawater. It is a thing.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have formed an uncured artificial bait containing sodium alginate, and then, on its surface, an aqueous solution of sodium alginate. The inventors have found that the problems can be solved by applying and cross-linking and curing, and have completed the present invention.

The present invention provides "1. On the surface of an uncured artificial bait molding formed by mixing 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of sodium alginate with 100 parts by weight of an artificial bait, sodium alginate is added. A non-disintegrating artificial bait for fish and shellfish culture, characterized by being applied with a 0.2 to 30 wt% aqueous solution and cross-linking and hardening 2. A two-layered alginic acid-cured film is placed on the surface of the hardened bait. The non-disintegrating artificial bait for fish and shellfish aquaculture described in item 1. 3. An uncured artificial material formed by mixing 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of sodium alginate with 100 parts by weight of the artificial bait. A 0.2 to 30% by weight aqueous solution of sodium alginate is applied to the surface of the bait molding, and then the artificial bait molding is dipped in a divalent or higher polyvalent alkali metal salt aqueous solution and an acidic aqueous solution, respectively. After cured by crosslinking, 1
A method for producing a non-disintegrating artificial feed for fish and shellfish culture, which comprises drying at a temperature of 00 ° C or lower. 4. The method for producing a non-disintegrating artificial feed for fish and shellfish aquaculture as described in the item 3, wherein kneading of the feed containing the sodium alginate aqueous solution is performed at 50 ° C to 100 ° C. Regarding

[0006]

The present invention has a first feature in that sodium alginate is mixed with an artificial bait, and further an aqueous solution of sodium alginate is applied to the surface of a molded uncured bait molded product to cure it. The mixture of sodium alginate in the feed prevents the disintegration of the feed considerably due to the crosslinking and hardening.

However, if the continuous swelling action due to waves is added to the swelling in the sea, it is difficult to prevent the molded bait from colliding and causing the friction surface to break and to prevent the collapse. In order to prevent such destruction, a large amount of sodium alginate must be added, but the large amount of sodium alginate reduces the amount of protein, lipid, and other carbohydrates in the feed, and has value as a feed. descend.

[0008] As a result of various studies to improve the strength of the surface of the molded bait to solve this problem, a good hardening was obtained by applying an aqueous solution of sodium alginate to the surface of the uncured bait. The artificial bait obtained in the present invention does not form a clear interface between the bait surface and the hardening agent (sodium alginate) film, and reduces the disintegration property of the bait body without being separated from each other in seawater. This is because the same curing agent as that contained in the bait body is applied before the bait body is cured, so that the surface of the bait and the curing agent-only film do not easily form a clear interface. For example, when the curing agent single solution is applied after curing the bait body, the curing agent single solution is cross-linked on the surface of the bait by the cross-linking component such as Ca ions remaining on the surface of the bait to form the curing agent single film. Since the surface of the bait has already hardened, the bait surface and the film of the hardening agent alone form a two-layer structure film in which an interface is formed. Such an interface is present even if it is dried, and when this bait is dropped into the sea, it absorbs water, swells, and then easily peels off and disintegrates at the interface. Thus, the artificial feed having a two-layer structure of the present invention obtained by applying the curing agent alone liquid before the main body of the feed is cured is 2
It is hard to collapse because it is cured without forming an interface between the layers. This is the second feature of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically and sequentially described.

The artificial disintegrating artificial bait of the present invention comprises a coating layer of sodium alginate itself on the surface of a molded article of an artificial bait, which is composed of a bait material which has been generally used in the past and sodium alginate which is a surfactant component. Formed 2
It has a layered structure. Examples of the above-mentioned bait material include the following materials, which are appropriately combined and used.

As a protein source, soybean meal, soybean flakes, fish meal, bonmeal, feather meal and the like. As carbohydrates: starch, wheat flour, buckwheat flour, rice flour, seaweed powder, bran and the like. As lipids: vegetable oil such as soybean, sunflower, sesame, and coconut, animal oil such as sardines and squid, lard, milk fat and the like. As fillers; soybean meal, rice bran, fiber, etc. As a nutritional supplement; amino acids, vitamins, various minerals, etc. As a physiologically active substance, soybean lecithin, egg lecithin and the like.

In order to make an artificial bait having a two-layer structure using the above bait material, it is necessary to use sodium alginate as a hardening agent component. Sodium alginate easily cures (gel formation) under normal humidity under Ca ²⁺ ions and acidic conditions. Furthermore, since sodium alginate can be made into an aqueous solution at room temperature, various substances suitable for baits can be easily mixed and kneaded. However, in order to effectively create this two-layer structure, the amount of the curing agent blended in the main body of the feed and the concentration of the aqueous solution of the curing agent alone are deeply related. That is,
The amount of curing agent blended in 100 parts of noble ingredients is 0.5-
20 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight is desirable. When the amount of the curing agent is 0.5 parts by weight or less, the feed itself is insufficiently cured and easily disintegrates. On the other hand, when the amount of the curing agent is 20 parts by weight or more, the viscosity at the time of kneading the feed is high and mixing is insufficient, or a large amount of water is required. The workability is deteriorated.

The mixed state of the feed is also important for stabilizing the two-layer structure. Therefore, the kneading of the feed itself is 5
It is desirable to carry out at a temperature of 0 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower in order to avoid deformation and disintegration. At 50 ° C or lower, it is difficult to form a uniform surface of the feed.

Next, the concentration of the aqueous sodium alginate solution applied to the surface of the bait molded article is also important for forming a stable two-layer structure, and is 0.2 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.5 to It is in the range of 5% by weight. If the concentration is less than 0.2% by weight, a coating layer of sodium alginate itself cannot be formed on the surface of the molded bait product, and the desired hardly disintegrating bait cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the concentration exceeds 30% by weight, the viscosity becomes high and it becomes difficult to apply it to the surface of the feed. The application of the aqueous solution of sodium alginate is carried out by a usual application means such as brush application,
It can be performed by spray coating, dip coating, or the like.

The production of the hardly disintegrating bait of the present invention can be carried out by applying an aqueous solution of sodium alginate to the surface of the above-mentioned uncured bait molding, and then crosslinking-curing and drying the bait molding. The cross-linking and hardening of the feed molded product is performed by first immersing it in a divalent or higher polyvalent alkali metal salt, for example, an aqueous solution of calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ). As the polyvalent alkali salt, in addition to Ca, Cu, N
Examples include water-soluble chlorides of metals such as i, Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr. This cross-linking curing reaction is a reaction due to the substitution reaction of two Na ions and one Ca ion of sodium alginate, which is a curing agent, and proceeds rapidly under neutral conditions. However, this reaction does not occur unless the CaCl ₂ aqueous solution permeates the sodium alginate membrane and migrates into the feed. Therefore, the immersion time in the CaCl ₂ aqueous solution requires 5 to 120 minutes. If it is shorter than 5 minutes, the curing will be insufficient. If it disintegrates during work or is dried and cured and then dropped into seawater,
Easy to collapse. On the other hand, when immersed for 120 minutes or more, curing can be sufficiently advanced, but unless the thickness of the feed is several millimeters or more, it tends to disintegrate when dropped in seawater.

For this reason, the present inventors have found that sodium alginate, which is a hardening agent for food, is separated from the CaCl ₂ aqueous solution.
The property that it solidifies even under acidic conditions was used in the hardening process of the feed. That is, it is a method in which a portion of sodium alginate used as a curing agent that remains unreacted with Ca ions is replaced with H ions under acidic conditions to make them insoluble in water. Unlike CaCl ₂ , this method is physical solidification in which sodium alginate, which is a curing agent, aggregates as alginic acid. Therefore, it has a characteristic that the apparent hardness becomes large, and a strong solidified state is exhibited in the coexistence with a hardened structure by Ca ions. Therefore, the bait obtained by the hardening method according to the present method exhibits sufficient resistance to disintegration.

As the order of the curing method in the present invention, it is the same as the intention of the present method to first solidify under acidic conditions and then cure with CaCl ₂ aqueous solution,
The present invention also includes this method. Further, the acidic condition in the present invention is PH <7. Further, the optimum time for immersion in the acidic aqueous solution is 5 to 120 minutes at room temperature. If it is shorter than 5 minutes, the replacement of sodium alginate with H ions does not spread to the whole feed, and if it is longer than 120 minutes, it adversely affects the feed ingredients, and changes in the feed ingredients due to the acid components remaining in the feed during the drying process and oxidation of the equipment. It tends to cause deterioration. The acidic aqueous solution that can be used in the present invention is an aqueous solution of a single substance such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid, which shows acidity. It also includes the one that becomes a stable acidic aqueous solution. As shown later as an example,
Examples thereof include ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ammonium ferrous sulfate, calcium phosphate, and iron citrate.

Further, according to the present invention, when the CaCl ₂ -hardened bait is immersed in the acidic aqueous solution and the acidic aqueous solution contains a metal, the surface of the bait having a two-layer structure is in the state of metal oxide. To deposit. This bait is very unlikely to collapse in seawater and can be used as an effective bait when it must be immersed in seawater for a long period of time. In this case, it goes without saying that a more harmless metal species is used. Thus, the bait having a two-layer structure has the property of being less likely to disintegrate in combination with a new hardening method. The feed thus obtained is then dried and stored or used. The drying condition at this time is 5
The optimum temperature is 0 to 100 ° C. 50-60 degreeC is preferable. When the temperature is 50 ° C or lower, the drying time becomes long and the productivity is poor. Further, at 100 ° C. or higher, there is a possibility that the ingredients of the bait may be changed, that it may be significantly deformed, or that it may be collapsed due to rapid stress concentration due to drying.

[0018]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. The artificial feed used in the examples was prepared as follows.

(A); 800 parts by weight of soybean flakes, 50 parts by weight of kelp powder and 150 parts by weight of starch were mixed and mixed with a Henschel mixer.

(B); 300 parts by weight of soybean flakes, 300 parts by weight of soybean meal, 100 parts by weight of kelp powder, starch 2
00 parts by weight and 100 parts by weight of sardine meal were mixed and mixed with a Henschel mixer.

(C): 200 parts by weight of soybean meal, 100 parts by weight of bran, 300 parts by weight of starch, 150 parts by weight of kelp powder, 100 parts by weight of squid roe and 150 parts by weight of rice bran were mixed and mixed with a Henschel mixer.

Example 1 100 parts by weight of the prepared artificial feed (A) and 5 parts by weight of sodium alginate were mixed well, and then 1 part of tap water was added thereto.
Add 20 parts by weight, knead, and mix well using a small kneader. Width 2 cm, length 1
It was molded with a molding frame to have a thickness of 5 cm and a thickness of 3 mm. Then 3%
An aqueous solution of sodium alginate was roller coated. The coating amount was 600 g / m ² . After painting, 5 with molding frame
% CaCl ₂ aqueous solution for curing. 5% CaC
20 minutes after the immersion in the ₁₂ aqueous solution, the artificial bait was separated from the molding frame and further immersed in a 5% CaCl ₂ aqueous solution for 1 hour to cure the entire artificial bait. Then 1% F
After being immersed in an e (SO ₄ ) ₂ NH ₄ aqueous solution for 5 minutes, it was washed with running water for 10 minutes and dried at 60 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain an artificial bait. The artificial feed obtained was dark brown and weighed 5.4 g. A reddishing reaction (* 1) was observed on the surface with a 0.1% cocholic acid aqueous solution, and it was confirmed that iron was attached to the surface.

Example 2 100 parts by weight of the prepared artificial feed (B) and 10 parts by weight of sodium alginate were mixed well, and warm water (60
(° C) 150 parts by weight was added and kneaded, and this was kneaded with a small kneader. The obtained kneaded product has a width of 2.5c in a molding frame.
After molding m, length 20 cm, thickness 3 mm, 1% sodium alginate aqueous solution was spray-coated on the surface. The coating amount was 600 g / m ² . After painting, 2% CaCl ₂
The artificial bait was separated from the molding frame by immersing it in the aqueous solution for 20 minutes. After further immersing in an aqueous 2% CaCl2 solution for 1 hour to cure the whole artificial bait, it was immersed in an aqueous 1% hydrochloric acid solution adjusted to pH = 1 to 2 for 10 minutes, and washed with running water for 20 minutes. It was dried at 50 ° C. for 7 hours and used as an artificial feed. The obtained artificial feed was yellowish brown and weighed 7.3 g.

Example 3 100 parts by weight of the prepared artificial feed (C) and 15 parts by weight of sodium alginate were added and mixed well, and then 200 parts by weight of warm water (70 ° C.) and 2 parts by weight of soybean lecithin were added thereto. It was thoroughly kneaded and further kneaded with a small kneader. The kneaded product is a molding frame, width 1.5 cm, length 20 cm,
After molding to a thickness of 4 mm, a 20% alginic acid aqueous solution (400
g / m ² ) was coated on the surface with a roller. The coating amount was 300 g / m ² . Then, with each molding frame, 10%
It was immersed in a CaCl ₂ aqueous solution, separated from the molding frame after 20 minutes, and further immersed in a 10% CaCl ₂ aqueous solution for 1 hour to cure the whole. Then, after soaking in a 1% aqueous solution of FeCl ₃ prepared with HCl to pH = 2 for 5 minutes, it was washed with running water
It was washed with water for 0 minutes. This was dried at 60 ° C. for 7 hours to give an artificial feed. The artificial feed obtained is dark brown,
The weight was 8.4 g. By the method according to Example 1, Fe content on the surface of the artificial feed was inspected. A red color was observed, and it was confirmed that Fe was attached to the surface.

Examples 4 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 With the formulations shown in Table 1, baits were prepared by the method based on Examples 1 to 3. The results of the performance test are shown in Table 1 including Examples 1 to 3.

[0026]

[Table 1]

Test method * 1: Measurement of iron content on the surface of artificial feed. The artificial feed is immersed in a 1% kojic acid aqueous solution for 5 minutes, taken out, and left as it is. Within minutes, a red reaction with iron is obtained. The test method of each measured value in the example table is shown below. * 2: Take 1.0-1.5g of food in 200cc of mayonnaise bottle, add 150g of seawater, shake for 5 minutes every 10 hours, and change the total amount of seawater every 24 hours. Wet weight is seawater. The value obtained by wrapping the piece of food taken out from the container with a Kim wiper for the purpose of wiping off the adhering seawater, measuring the weight after 1 hour, and dividing by the initial weight. * 3: The test method was in accordance with * 2, and the value was obtained by drying the food pieces at 60 ° C for 7 hours, then measuring the weight, and dividing by the initial weight. * 4: The value obtained by dividing the dry weight by the weight of the feed piece before the test

[0028]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Since the artificial bait of the present invention is provided with a hardened film of sodium alginate on the surface, it is highly effective in that it is ingested as a bait with little disintegration or outflow when placed in water.

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yasushi Nasai 4-17-1, Higashi-Hachiman, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A surface of an uncured artificial bait molding formed by mixing 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of sodium alginate with 100 parts by weight of an artificial bait, and 0.2 to 30 parts of sodium alginate. A non-disintegrating artificial bait for fish and shellfish aquaculture, characterized by being applied with a weight% aqueous solution and cross-linked and cured. 2. The hardly disintegrating artificial bait for fish and shellfish aquaculture according to claim 1, which has two layers in which a cured alginic acid film is arranged on the surface of the hardened bait. 3. 0.2 to 30 sodium alginate is formed on the surface of an uncured artificial feed molded product formed by mixing 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of sodium alginate with 100 parts by weight of the artificial feed. A weight% aqueous solution is applied, the artificial bait molding is immersed in an aqueous solution of a polyvalent alkali metal salt having a valency of 2 or more and an acidic aqueous solution to crosslink and cure, and then dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. or less. A method for producing a non-disintegrating artificial feed for fish and shellfish culture. 4. The method for producing a hardly disintegrating artificial feed for fish and shellfish cultivation according to claim 3, wherein kneading of the feed mixed with the sodium alginate aqueous solution is performed at 50 ° C. to 100 ° C.