JPH05500009A - Improving soil moisture retention - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Improving soil moisture retention The present invention installs the water storage device at a position below the normal plowing depth for cultivation, Soil moisture for growing plants in soils that allow water to permeate easily and dry quickly Method for long-term improvement of retention, moisture storage device and method for carrying out the method Concerning the application of law.

According to conventional experience, groundwater exists in shallow areas with water-permeable, quick-drying soil. do not. Therefore, agricultural, horticultural or forest cultivation of cultivated plants is This is difficult or impossible without the use of extensive and expensive irrigation equipment. On top of that , areas with this type of soil generally have little rainfall, and when it does, it is usually concentrated. It falls on target. Widespread heavy rain may fall over a short period of time with long time intervals. Ru. Most of the water quickly soaks into the soil and evaporates or runs away. Do it like this Therefore, a stable humus layer can be formed, and the top layer is always removed by wind erosion.

If we could use groundwater that exists even in deserts, artificial oance would be created. able to make. Groundwater is evenly distributed through elaborate and complex irrigation systems, and plants It is protected from withering in this way. However, these Both capital investment and operating costs are very high.

Furthermore, a small portion of the amount of water that falls on these plants is absorbed. However, as already mentioned, most of it soaks into the soil or evaporates very quickly. Ru. Therefore, some of the large amounts of water used at great expense are It's being used a lot, which makes it even more lucrative.

A further essential drawback of permanently installed artificial irrigation systems is that during operation Failures that occur can cause substantial damage. Because water is stationary Plants that are accustomed to water supply can only tolerate water for short periods of time, or may not tolerate water at all. Because it has no strength, it withers away.

GO-A 204B 635 has a cultivation depth (working depth) or less. buried in soil, made of water-impermeable material and fitted with a water-permeable lid It describes the container that was created. The plants will grow their roots in the direction of the container. Grows above the container. When it rains, the water goes where plants can't reach. Rather than being washed away, it is collected in a container. The collected water continues to dry out When it spreads to the established area.

CA-A1 20097g is a water storage pot for collecting water below the root area of plants. Discloses a device having a jacket and a water hole. Pocket and hole are on the same line are distributed and ranked by column. This device is made of plastic. There are also cellulose products available for short-term experiments.

Water collection by OB-^-20481335 and CA-A-1200978 is Requires expensive equipment. Therefore, these expensive equipment , perhaps only suitable for planting small soil planes.

It is an object of the invention to provide a method of the type detailed at the outset and for carrying out the method. It is easy to install and operate, is inexpensive to manufacture, and maintains the weather tolerance of plants. It is an object of the present invention to provide a moisture storage device that provides water storage.

Regarding the method, the problem is solved by the present invention as follows. That is, Superabsorbent-containing cellulose absorbent pads and/or act as moisture reservoirs At least one layer of the chips is introduced into a humus or sand layer. Features of the present invention Certain embodiments and their applications form the subject matter of the dependent claims.

Many different types of water-absorbing pads are produced in Dagu. The fiber The fibrous tissue is also referred to as a valve. Cellulose fiber outer shell and stuffed into it Particularly preferred are absorbent pads having superabsorbent materials. Super absorbent material is many times its own weight It is made of highly absorbent polymers that can absorb water, which makes it stable under the influence of normal pressure. Forms a gel that maintains its shape.

The dimensional stability of the absorbent pad is determined by the combination of cellulose-containing fiber fluff and thermoreversible material fiber fluff. Enhanced by adding more feathers.

Thermoreversible fluff is a hot melt for cellulose fibers in many ways at high temperatures. Acts as a fusing adhesive. The thermoreversible fibers are preferably polyolefins, e.g. Made of polyethylene or polypropylene.

If the chip is to be manufactured from an absorbent pad, it may be covered with a cover. A dry absorbent band is prepared in a known manner without significant fiber splitting. Cut into small pieces. The chip, which is also a valve, is dried or dried Can be easily transported as bulk material.

Used water-protection deviceCwater-protection devi ce) Used sanitary products, processing waste and/or waste generated during the manufacturing process of these products Dry or desiccated absorbent pads in the form of chips or It is preferably introduced between 20 and 50 ca+. Depth depends on soil composition, planting selected according to the object and the equipment used. When this device is used, the chip layer should be prevented from reaching. However, on the other hand, it can be used as a moisture storage. The valve used still allows water to reach the roots of the plant through diffusion processes and capillary action. Can reach an area, but is too far away to lose its effectiveness. It is introduced only to such a depth that there is no such thing.

In a first embodiment, the valve (absorbent pad and/or tip) is individually Buried by force or using a machine. This makes the valves compact with each other side by side, or spaced apart from each other in inverse proportion to the permeability of the soil, for example. It is preferable to form a single layer by arranging them in a single layer. For soils with high permeability, It is advantageous to arrange the valves compactly or at small distances from each other. In addition, in the case of soil with relatively low permeability, the distance between each other should be made wider (especially in the case of soil with relatively low permeability). Bell.

In principle, valves can also be arranged in multiple layers, but absorbers that are not cut into small pieces In the case of pads, it is generally avoided.

This is because the water absorption capacity of the valve is large and the efficiency of the method is high. to this On the other hand, loosely scattered chips can be arranged in multiple layers.

In another aspect of the invention, small absorbent pads and/or chips are used on the entire surface. It can be inserted into a water-permeable cover. In this case they are already bulk It is transported in a compact form rather than in a compact form.

The cover into which the bulk material is inserted is preferably made of a fine mesh or It's a bag. The bulk material inserted into the cover is uniformly distributed in the soil. Ru.

Once they are covered with humus and/or sand, a drying bath inserted Lubu also absorbs, among other things, subsoil moisture. This is due to diffusion processes and capillary action. It is possible to During the day, water diffuses into the root zone of the plant to compensate for the lack of water. Can be done.

During rainfall, water flowing into permeable soil causes the pulp to be spaced apart from each other. virtually completely absorbed by the valve until it is saturated, even when be done.

If the required water is available, the inserted pulp transported in a dry state can be mixed with humus. and be thoroughly moistened before being covered with sand, so that there is sufficient water to begin with whether it rains or not. You can make it more effective.

Regarding the moisture storage for carrying out the method, the problem is solved according to the invention as follows. It will be decided. i.e. it is the manufacture of sanitary products and/or water-protection devices. Processed waste generated in the process, dried used sanitary products or used water storage superabsorbent-containing cellulose absorbent pads in protective devices and/or these products. It consists of chips.

According to the prior art, infant and adult incontinent diapers, headliners, menstrual bands, Additives generated in the manufacturing process of panty liners and similar sanitary products are often further processed at considerable cost. bag, chi 5ORBA) in the form of a tube, etc. Ebiox 5yst with lX trademark Sold by eI+IAG (Cl[-6204Sempach, ) The same holds true in the production of water-protection devices. instead of further processing Additionally, the waste can be used as a soil moisture reservoir.

Yet another important source of valves according to the invention is used water-protection Dry the devices and cut them into small pieces. Drying is done locally Can be carried out separately or completely, transport costs and loading are economical and From an ecological point of view, choose one that is compatible with the drying method. Chemicals and other similar Water-protection devices contaminated by disposal or professional incineration.

In some cases, used sanitary products are available in sufficient quantity in one place. When done, it may be cut into small pieces ready for use in the method of the invention. Alternatively, it may be advanced to a central chipping device.

Pulps introduced into soil can absorb many times their weight in water in a few seconds. You can search. This is especially important during heavy, heavy rainfall. Because water is This is because the water cannot flow deep around Lupu. So for example , a pulp of cellulose fibers into which a normal amount of superabsorbent material has been inserted, in about 5 seconds, It can absorb at least 50 times its own weight in water. Valve has high water retention For example, when the soil is tilled by a tiller, water is removed. Minutes are not squeezed out of the valve.

The method of the invention can be used on all dry, water-permeable soils on a non-occupational or industrial scale. can be used in However, it is particularly useful in dry areas as well as sandy areas. and to urbanize land without the need for other fixed equipment in desert areas. It has the potential to become a city.

The method of the invention can be used in areas with heavy rainfall or only periodically. It is particularly advantageously used in areas with dynamic irrigation means. The latter irrigation method For example, if a pressure waterer is used to move over the soil, It will be done.

The combination of water supply equipment and the silk of the present invention can only be considered in cases of extremely water-permeable soil. It is.

In a more specific embodiment, the chips can be placed in plant cultivation containers, nursery beds, in-house vegetable gardens, etc. It can also be distributed.

The advantages of the invention can be summarized as follows.

− Land that cannot be cultivated or is difficult to cultivate at low cost; Municipalization.

- Normally, permanently installed water supply equipment is not required.

- rapid absorption and diffusion processes of water and slow evacuation of water by capillary action.

Increases the durability of one plant.

Some embodiments of the invention, which are also the subject of the dependent claims, can be seen with reference to the accompanying drawings. This will be explained in more detail below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an absorbent batt cut into chips.

FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section through chipped soil.

The cellulose absorbent material shown in FIG. 1 contains superabsorbent material not shown. The pad portion is waste material from the diaper production-L field. Cellulose fiber is Multiple dots using polyethylene fibrils, such as DuPont's PULPLUS They are bonded together by thermal bonding. Pulp 1o is indicated by the arrow cut into chips 14 with dimensions of several centimeters, preferably 1-1ocI11 Ru. These chips 14 can be transported mechanically or by pneumatic transport. can be transported and stored in large containers such as silo wagons. form a bulk material that can be

Covering with water-permeable or partially water-permeable features for cost reasons The present invention removes manufacturing processing waste and dried used absorbent pad injuries. used in accordance with Partially water-permeable absorbent pads are cut into small pieces It is preferable.

FIG. 2 shows the chips 14 introduced into the lower regions of the humus layer 16. This layer is It is highly water permeable and therefore exhibits no water retention capacity of its own. this The same holds true for the sand layer 18, which is gradually transitioning from the humus layer 16. Ru.

The tip 14 is located at a depth t below the plowing depth, for example, the plowing depth. It can also be placed in In this way, the chips 14 can be removed after the soil is tilled. It can prevent the humus from reaching the surface 2o of the humus layer and losing its effectiveness.

When the thickness of the humus layer 16 is relatively thin, the chips 14 are introduced into the sand layer 18. You can also do that.

Cultivated plants 22 can take root in the humus layer 16, and these roots 24 It is possible to extend the area of the chip 14.

It is possible that the chip 14 can also be placed in a water-permeable cover and arranged in multiple layers. Easy to understand. Furthermore, the chip 14 is not covered or covered with a cover. It is also possible to introduce a complete absorbent pad.

The chips 14 or the entire absorbent pad have a beneficial effect on the moisture regulation of the humus layer 16. have. They also absorb heavy downpours. Such a wealthy Rain is also quickly absorbed by the humus layer 16 or, in the absence of batts, through the sand layer. It leaks out. As a result of diffusion processes and capillary action, the fibers of the root 24 are It can absorb large amounts of water over a relatively long period of time. Water supply that is often insufficient As a result, cultivated plants 22 are accustomed to a scarce water supply and are exposed to prolonged sunlight. Even if it continues, it can withstand it.

The density of chips 14 and/or absorbent pads will vary depending on soil composition. the soil The more water permeable it is, the more valves will be installed. In extreme cases, humus The soil layer 16 may also be a sand layer 18. That is, the humus layer is virtually complete. It is water permeable.

summary The method of the invention is for the cultivation of plants (22) in water-permeable, rapidly drying soils. contributes to long-term improvement of soil water retention capacity. Cellulose absorbent pad containing super absorbent material (10) and/or chips (14), acting as a moisture reservoir. a layer of humus (16) or a sandy layer below the normal plowing depth for cultivation (18) introduced into Pulp can be used as a used absorbent pad or as a processed product. absorbent pads or their chips (14). ordinary gardening In addition to commercial and agricultural applications, the method requires no other permanently installed equipment. Urbanization of land in arid, sandy and desert areas is encouraged. possible.

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Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. Water permeability by using water reservoirs below the normal plowing depth for cultivation and long-term improvement of soil moisture retention for cultivating plants (22) in rapidly drying soil. A method to improve At least one layer of the storage pad (10) and/or its chips (14) is covered with humus. A method characterized in that it is introduced into a layer (16) or a sandy formation (18). 2. The absorbent pad (10) and/or the chip (14) have a depth (t) in the soil. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the is introduced between 20 and 50 cm. 3. Absorbent pads (10) can be used for used water-protection devices, used sanitary products, processing waste and/or chips (14) generated in the manufacturing process of these products. individually, preferably in a monolayer and compactly arranged, or They are distributed and arranged at different distances from each other according to the water permeability of the soil. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: 4. Small absorbent pads (10) and/or chips (14) are fully water permeable be inserted into a cover, preferably a net or bag, and distributed uniformly therein. 4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that it is cloth-covered. 5. The inserted absorbent pad (10) and/or chip (14) are characterized by being moistened before being covered with a humus layer and/or a sand layer A method according to one of claims 1 to 4. 6. Processing waste from the manufacturing process of sanitary products and/or water-protection devices; Superabsorbent-containing cellulose in used sanitary products or used water-protection devices consisting of a gas-absorbing pad (10) and/or a chip (14) of these products; Moisture reservoir for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: 7. The chips (14) of the absorbent pad (10) have dimensions of several cm, preferably 1 to 10 cm. 7. Moisture reservoir according to claim 6, characterized in that it is cut into cm pieces. 8. The absorbent pad (10) and the chip (14) contain water many times their own weight; preferably absorb at least 50 times their own weight in water within a few seconds. 8. The moisture storage device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the moisture storage device comprises: 9. Can be used in dry areas as well as sandy areas without the need for any other permanently installed equipment. or the method according to one of claims 1 to 5 for urbanizing desert land. . 10. 10. Use of the method according to claim 9 in areas with short, heavy downpours.