JPH05313656A - Keyboard musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reproduce a real piano sound and realize an automatic musical performance while the keyboard musical instrument is equipped with a hammer action and electronic sound generating means. CONSTITUTION:A key drive unit 220 is provided at the rear end part of a key 201 and a pedal drive unit 240 is fixed to a pedal 230. A struck member 300 is arranged above the hammer 219. The key drive unit 220 and pedal drive unit 240 are driven according to MIDI data written on a disk. Then, a controller 500 drives an actuator 250 according to a PCM sound source, etc., to vibrate a sound board 207. At the same time, the hammer 219 strikes the struck member 300, so higher harmonics of noninteger order, a noise, etc., which are hardly obtained by reproducing the PCM sound source are generated to generate the real timbre of an acoustic piano.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a keyboard instrument, and more specifically, to a keyboard instrument that detects a hammer action or the like and vibrates a soundboard or the like based on an electronic sound source, realizes an automatic performance function, and mechanically causes noise. The present invention relates to a keyboard instrument capable of reproducing a realistic piano sound by emitting components.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-
No. 30155 gazette "keyboard musical instrument" etc. are proposed.

[0003]

However, since the keyboard musical instrument does not have an automatic performance function, it cannot be played when the player is absent, and the performance by the player is recorded and reproduced. I couldn't. Furthermore, since it was equipped with a frame with strings stretched, it was heavy,
In order to secure the string length, the instrument was upsized.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to realize a keyboard instrument having a hammer action and an electronic sounding means while having an automatic performance function.

[0005]

A keyboard instrument according to a first aspect of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 1, has an operator detection means 13 for detecting the state of an operator 12 of the keyboard instrument, and a sound source representing a predetermined sound. A sound source data storage unit 15 for storing data, a sound generation signal generation unit 14 for generating a sound signal by processing and selecting the sound source data based on the state of the manipulator 12 detected by the manipulator detection unit 13, and a sound signal A sounding means 16 for vibrating the soundboard, a striking mechanism 11 for striking a striking member to produce a striking sound in conjunction with the operating element 12, a performance information storage means 17 for storing performance information, and a performance information storage means 17 And a manipulator driving means 18 for driving the manipulator 12 in accordance with the performance information stored in.

[0006]

In the keyboard musical instrument according to the first aspect, the performance information storage means 17 stores performance information. The manipulator drive means 18 reads performance information and drives a predetermined manipulator (key, pedal, etc.) 12 in accordance with the performance information. Then, the manipulator detection means 13 operates the manipulator 12 such as a driven key.
To detect. For example, the speed of the hammer and the state of the pedal in the driven key are detected. The sound generation signal generation means 14 selects predetermined sound source data based on the detected state of the manipulator 12, or performs predetermined arithmetic processing on the sound source data to generate a sound generation signal. The sounding means 16 vibrates the soundboard according to this sounding signal.

At the same time, in the striking mechanism 11, the hammer strikes the hit member with the driven key. Then, a non-integer harmonic overtone (striking sound) such as noise, which could not be obtained by reproducing the sound source data, is emitted from the struck member. This noise is indispensable to bring out the tone of an acoustic piano.
Therefore, according to this keyboard instrument, the sound of the acoustic piano can be realistically reproduced. Further, since the keyboard instrument has realized the automatic performance function, it is possible to listen to the music by the keyboard instrument without the performer.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment of a keyboard instrument according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a keyboard instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, reference numeral 201 is a key (operator) forming a keyboard. Each key 201 is supported on a shelf plate 202 so as to be swingable in the vertical direction with a reed center 203 as a fulcrum. A key drive unit 220 (operator driving means) is arranged below the rear end of each key 201. The key drive unit 220 includes a solenoid or the like and swings the key 201. In addition, an action (striking mechanism) is provided above the rear end of each key 201.
210 are arranged respectively.

This action 210 has a well-known structure as a string striking mechanism for a flat piano, and has a support 216 that is pushed up by a capstan screw 215 that is erected on the upper surface of the rear end of the key 210, and this support 216. The jack 217 swingably supported by the whip pen 21
6, a repetition lever 218 rotatably provided above 6, a hammer 219 rotatably supported, and the like,
have.

A hit member 300 is fixed to the top plate 204 at a predetermined distance above the hammer 219.
The hammer 219 abuts the hit member 300. Hammer 219 to the hit member 300
When is hit, a predetermined vibration occurs in the hit member 300,
Furthermore, the top plate 204 and the like vibrate. The hit member 300 and the action 210 constitute the hitting mechanism in the present invention.

Further, a hammer sensor 205 (manipulator detection means) including an optical sensor is provided so as to face the hammer shank 219A which rotates together with the hammer 219. The hammer sensor 205 detects the speed of the hammer 219. Further, below each of the keys 201, a pressed key 201 and a key sensor 206 (operator detection means) for detecting the descending speed thereof are arranged. These key sensors 206 are composed of optical sensors (for example, LEDs and phototransistors).

Further, three pedals 230 (operators) are arranged below the piano. Each pedal 230
The damper 2 via the shafts 231, 232, 233
34 and the like. Therefore, the player
By operating 0, the damper 234 and the like operate. The end of the shaft 231 is attached to the pedal drive unit 240 (operator driving means). The pedal drive unit 240 includes a solenoid that moves the shaft 231 up and down, and a pedal sensor (operator detection unit) that detects the position of the shaft 231. Therefore, when the performer operates this pedal, the position of the pedal can be detected.

A soundboard 207 is provided on the back of the keyboard instrument.
Is provided. An actuator 250 (sounding means) is attached to a predetermined position of the soundboard 207.
This actuator 250 is electromagnetically driven to cause the soundboard 207.
To vibrate. By the way, in a general acoustic piano, the sound of a typical acoustic piano is produced by vibrating a soundboard or the like due to the vibration of the strings. Therefore, even in the present keyboard instrument, the sound color of the acoustic piano is attempted to be realistically reproduced by directly vibrating the soundboard 207.

The control device 500 includes the hammer sensor 20.
5, a tone generation signal is applied to the actuator 250 based on signals output from the key sensor 206, the pedal sensor, and the like. Further, according to the MIDI data recorded on the floppy disk or the like, the key drive unit 220,
It also has an automatic performance function for driving the pedal drive unit 240.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the hit member 300. In this figure, a casting 301 is cast iron such as FC20, and a wood portion 302 is fixed to the casting 301. Pillows 306 are fixed to the corners of the casting 301.
The casting 301 is provided with a predetermined hole, and a pin 303 is fitted in this hole. Further, the wooden portion 302 is also provided with a predetermined hole, and a pin 304 is fitted into this hole. A string 305 is stretched between the pin 303 and the pin 304 via the pillow 305. Since the string 305 has a short overall length and a large diameter, a standing wave is less likely to be generated in the string 305. Therefore, when the hammer 219 hits the string 305, the string 305 emits a sound (a hitting sound) composed of high-order non-integer multiple harmonic components and noise components.

As described above, in the keyboard musical instrument, the hitting member 300 is provided by the following oil. That is, when sampling the sound of an acoustic piano or the like, non-integer harmonic components and noise of the piano sound may be impaired due to reasons such as quantization distortion and waveform deterioration due to a low-pass filter. Therefore, when an electronic sound source such as a PCM sound source obtained as a result is used in this keyboard instrument, the sound of the fundamental wave and its harmonic components possessed by the acoustic piano can be reproduced, but non-integer harmonic components And it is difficult to reproduce the noise component. However, this noise component is mainly emitted from the acoustic piano when striking the strings, and is indispensable for producing a sound like an acoustic piano. Therefore, only these noise components and the like are mechanically generated using the hammer 219 and the hit member 300. Therefore, with this keyboard instrument, it is possible to realistically reproduce the tone color of an acoustic piano.

Note that the hit member 310 shown in FIG. 4 may be used in place of the hit member 300. In FIG. 4, (A) is a sectional view of the hit member 310 and the like, and (B) is a front view of the hit member 310 and the like. The striking member 310 is formed by fixing a metal string 312 to a lower portion of a casting 311 having a predetermined shape. The hit member 310 is fixed to the top plate 204. When the hammer 219 hits the string 312, the string 312 and the casting 311 vibrate, and emit a noise component. Since the sound of this noise component is transmitted from the top plate 204 to the entire keyboard instrument, the entire keyboard instrument vibrates, and a tone color peculiar to the acoustic piano can be obtained.

The hit members 300 and 310 may be constructed by using a cushioning material such as felt, an air spring, an oil damper or the like. By using such a cushioning material, a sound wave such as noise is emitted when a hit member is hit, without a standing wave being generated.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a keyboard musical instrument according to this embodiment. Here, as shown in FIG. 5, in this keyboard instrument, the output signals from the hammer sensor 205, the key sensor 206, and the pedal sensor 515 are input to the controller 506 via a data bus. The controller 506 includes a string sound ROM 507 (sound source data storage unit), a resonance sound ROM 508 (sound source data storage unit), an FDC (floppy disk drive controller) 509, and a string spectrum calculation unit 512 (sound generation signal generation unit) via a data bus. The audio signal transmission unit 513 (sound generation signal generation unit), the remote controller 514, the resonance sound calculation unit 516 (sound generation signal generation unit), the string striking sound calculation unit 511 (sound generation signal generation unit), and the RAM 517.

Then, the controller 506 performs predetermined processing based on the input signals from these sensors to generate a drive signal, which is driven from the audio signal transmitting section 513 through the soundboard equalizer 519 and the power amplifiers 520 and 518. The signal is output to the soundboard drive units 250A to 250D to drive them. The hammer sensor 205 detects the hammer speed and outputs the key velocity signal as described above.

The string striking sound ROM 507 stores the PCM data of the string striking sound recorded in advance by the sampler, or the signal mainly composed of the piano sound calculated in advance by the string spectrum calculation unit 512 as string striking sound data of 88 keys. It is a thing. The intensity of the frequency spectrum of these string striking data is determined according to the hammer speed.
In general, harmonics are emphasized when hit hard. Note that the string striking sound calculation unit 511 can also calculate a signal according to the key depression and the hammer speed. Also, for example, a string striking sound ROM
The signal stored in 507 may be corrected by the string striking sound calculation unit 511 according to the hammer speed.

The resonance sound ROM 508 has a pedal sensor 51.
5 is accessed when it is active (when it is stepped on). The resonance sound ROM 508 stores resonance sound data for each string when a key is pressed when the loud pedal is depressed. This data is the PCM data of the resonance sound recorded by the sampler in advance, or the frequency spectrum data calculated in advance by the resonance sound calculation unit 516. As this resonance sound data, for example, 1
It is sufficiently practical to consider that the strings for up to 6 keys on one key resonate. The string one octave above the bass is not only the second harmonic but the third harmonic,
Consider up to the 4th and 6th harmonics. No. If the pitch is higher than 13 keys, it is necessary to consider the string of the key one octave below.

The piano damper is usually 71 (6
There are also 6 and 69). Furthermore, the intensity of the frequency spectrum is determined by the model and hammer speed. The resonance sound data may be stored in the resonance sound ROM 508 in advance, or may be calculated by the resonance calculation unit 516, for example, and the data stored in the resonance sound ROM 508 may be recorded. The resonance tone calculation unit 516 may perform correction calculation according to the string situation.

The string spectrum calculation unit 512 may calculate the frequency spectrum in real time according to the keystrokes to generate the pronunciation data. Further, this data may be stored in the key tap sound ROM 507. As this resonance sound data, that of an acoustic piano can be measured and stored in a memory. The magnitude of this resonance sound is -10 to-
It is about 20 dB. Further, the rising of the resonance sound is delayed by several seconds to several 100 msec. The fall continues for a few seconds unless the pedal is turned off. The processing when the pedal is off is performed by the pedal sensor and the audio signal transmitting unit 513.

Further, the string spectrum calculation unit 512 attenuates the string striking sound according to the OFF signal from the key sensor 206, and attenuates the resonance sound according to the signal from the pedal sensor. However, when the loud pedal is slowly returned by the half pedal, the damping is slow according to the return speed. When the loud pedal is turned off, the dampers are tuned together and the sound is stopped. However, the following control is performed because some players desire to adjust the low-pitched stop sound late. For example, even in simultaneous stringing, there are three types of stop sounds: rapid stop, normal stop, and slow stop. In addition, in the case of inclined stringing, control is performed such that low tone is slow and high tone is stopped faster. Furthermore, it makes a very slow stop when the pedal is released very slowly. That is, it is a continuous noise stop. In the so-called half pedal region, the fundamental tone and the overtone ratio may be corrected, and the higher harmonic overtone may be quickly attenuated. Also,
For example, it may be configured to correct other frequency ratios such as frame noise that are secondarily generated.

The audio signal transmitting section 513 uses the RO
The sound data from the M507, 508 or the sound signal calculation units 512, 516 is subjected to digital filtering processing, and then D / A converted. The digital filtering process considers the vibration characteristics of the soundboard 207,
The frequency characteristics of the sound emitted from 07 are corrected to be flat. The digital filter is not limited to the FIR type and may be the IIR type.
Furthermore, it is possible to reduce quantization noise by performing oversampling digital filtering processing after this. After performing such processing, D / A conversion is performed, and further filtering processing by a Butterworth low-pass filter or the like is performed. As described above, it is possible to improve the group delay characteristic by using the Butterworth type low-pass filter. Then, this signal is input to the network circuit and divided into a low frequency component and a high frequency component.

The low frequency components are equalizer 519 for soundboard.
Entered in. The soundboard equalizer 519 corrects the frequency characteristic of the low frequency component output from the audio signal transmitting unit 513. Since the soundboard 207 and the like are likely to resonate at a high frequency relatively, a natural piano sound is obtained by enhancing the low frequency component.

The power amplifier 520 and the treble power amplifier 518 perform power amplification, and the actuator 250A
~ 250D is driven. Actuator 25
0A mainly reproduces high-pitched sound, and the actuators 250B to 250D mainly reproduce low-pitched sound.
The actuators 250A to 250D vibrate the soundboard 207 and generate realistic piano sounds.

Further, this keyboard instrument is FDD (floppy disk driver) 510 controlled by FDC 509.
Is equipped with. The FDD 510 is an M recorded on the disc.
In addition to reading IDI data, it also records MIDI data on a disc. MIDI data is an international standard in which pitch, volume, etc. are represented by versatile digital data. The read MIDI data is decoded by the controller 506. The controller 506 drives the key drive unit 220 and the pedal drive unit 240. In this way, according to the MIDI data recorded on the disc,
It is possible to automatically play music. Also, the performance of this keyboard instrument by the performer is converted into MIDI data, and this MIDI
Data can also be recorded on the disc.

The operation of the keyboard instrument constructed in this way during automatic performance will be described with reference to the flow chart of FIG.

First, the player inserts the disc into the FDD 510. Then, the FDD 510 reads the MIDI data recorded on the disc (step S601),
The controller 506 decodes this MIDI data (step S602). Then, the controller 506
Drives the key drive unit 220 and the pedal drive unit 240 according to the decoded MIDI data.

When the key 201 and the pedal 230 are driven,
Sensor signals are input to the input / output unit of the controller 506 from the key sensor 206, the hammer sensor 205, and the pedal sensor 515. For example, for a key tapped by the key drive unit 220, the information of the key tapped is from the key sensor 206, and the speed of the hammer is the hammer sensor 2
It is output from 05.

Next, the pedal drive unit 240 determines whether or not the loud pedal has been operated (step S603). If there is no operation (depressing), the string-sounding tone signal corresponding to the keystroke is read from the string-sounding tone ROM 507, or the string spectrum calculator 512 performs a predetermined calculation (step S604).

Then, an output timing control process is performed for this string striking signal (step S605). For example, according to a look-up table that defines mutual relationships such as a key number, a hammer speed, and a sounding timing, an appropriate sounding timing is calculated corresponding to the detected key number and hammer speed, and the sounding timing is adjusted.

Further, at the sounding timing calculated in this way, the key tapping sound signal (sounding signal) is output to each of the actuators 250A to 250D (step S606). As a result, the actuators 250A to 250D are connected to the soundboard 20.
The sound of an acoustic piano is obtained by vibrating 7.

At this time, at the same time, the key drive unit 2
The hammer 219 hits the hit member 300 by 20. The string 305 stretched around the hit member 300 emits sounds such as non-integer harmonic components and noise components. That is, in addition to the vibration sound of the soundboard 207 generated by the actuators 250A to 250D, noise such as a noise component generated by the non-striking member 300 is emitted from the keyboard instrument.

Therefore, the actuators 250A-2
Depending on 50D, a noise component or the like that is difficult to reproduce is generated. Since the noise component and the like contribute to producing the tone color of the acoustic piano, it is possible to realistically reproduce the tone of the acoustic piano. Also,
The vibration of the hit member 300 is transmitted from the top plate 204 or the like to the entire keyboard instrument, and the entire keyboard instrument vibrates. Since sound is not generated from a point sound source such as a speaker, but sound is generated from the entire keyboard instrument like an acoustic piano, a wide sound can be obtained. Further, the operation sound generated by the operation of the keyboard 201 and the action 210 resonates with the shelf board 202, and so-called shelf sound is also generated.

Thereafter, it is judged whether or not the performance is finished (step S607). If not finished, the process returns to step S601 to read the MIDI data. When the loud pedal is operated by the input of the sensor signal (step S
If YES at 603), it is further determined whether or not the loud pedal is depressed (step S608). If the key is depressed, the string-sounding signal is obtained by reading the keying-sound signal corresponding to the key-striking or computing the string spectrum in the same manner as described above (step S609). Further, the resonance tone signal is read from the resonance tone ROM 508, or the resonance tone signal is calculated by the resonance tone calculation unit 516 (step S610). Then, a signal output timing control process is performed to calculate the output timing of the string striking sound signal and the output timing of the resonance sound signal (step S611). Then, the key output sound is output to the actuators 250A to 250D at a predetermined timing by the signal output process (step S606) so that the resonance sound is generated with a delay of a predetermined time.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S608 that the loud pedal has not been depressed (pedal release), damping noise reduction processing is performed (step S612), and a signal is output. Depending on the release speed of the loud pedal, for example, any one of the three types of simultaneous stringing, inclined stringing, and extremely slow noise stop described above is selected to stop the sound. The attenuation here is realized by a predetermined attenuation time correction process for the calculated resonance sound signal.

When performing an automatic performance according to MIDI data, the key sensor 206 and the hammer sensor 2
05, it is possible to directly generate sound based on MIDI data without detecting the output signal from the pedal sensor 515. In addition, the result of the performer playing this keyboard instrument is M
It is also possible to record it on the disc as IDI data.

As described above, according to the keyboard instrument of the present embodiment, the automatic performance function can be realized in the keyboard instrument having the hammer action and the like but not having the strings and the frame of the conventional piano. It is a thing.
In addition, the impacted member 3 receives a sound such as a noise component of an acoustic piano, which is difficult to reproduce with a conventional electronic sound source.
00 is generated by hitting with a hammer 219, and so-called shelf sound is generated along with the operation of the keyboard 201 and the action 210. Therefore, according to this keyboard instrument, it is possible to realistically reproduce the tone color of an acoustic piano.

[0042]

As described above, according to the present invention, even a piano having no strings can be automatically played, and it is difficult to reproduce by a conventional keyboard instrument equipped with an electronic sound source. It is possible to realistically reproduce the sound of the acoustic piano by generating a so-called shelf sound caused by the resonance of the noise board and the operation of the striking mechanism on the shelf.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a keyboard musical instrument according to claim 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a keyboard instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a hit member according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a hit member according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a control device and the like according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the keyboard instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

201 key (operator), 207 soundboard, 205 hammer sensor (operator detection means), 206 key sensor (operator detection means), 230 pedal (operator), 300
Striking member, 506 controller (sound generation signal generation means), 507 string striking sound ROM (sound source storage means), 508
Resonance sound ROM (sound source storage means), 511 string sound calculation section (sound generation signal generation means), 512 string spectrum calculation section (sound generation signal generation means), 516 Resonance sound calculation section (sound generation signal generation means), 515 pedal sensor (operation) Child detection means), 513 audio signal transmission section (sound generation signal generation means) 250A to 250D actuator (sound generation means), 510 FDD (performance information storage means), 220
Key drive unit (operator drive means), 240 pedal drive unit (operator drive means)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An operator detection means for detecting a state of an operator of a keyboard instrument, a sound source data storage means for storing sound source data representing a predetermined sound, and a state of the operator detected by the operator detection means. A sounding signal generating means for generating a sounding signal by processing and selecting sound source data based on the sound source, a sounding means for vibrating the sound board according to the sounding signal, and a striking sound for striking a member to be hit in association with an operator. A keyboard instrument comprising a mechanism, performance information storage means for storing performance information, and manipulator drive means for driving the manipulator in accordance with the performance information stored in the performance information storage means.