JPH0580750A - Keyboard musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To display loud pedal effect when a sound is generated by the sound generating means of the keyboard musical instrument which has no strings. CONSTITUTION:Soundboards 34A and 34B are driven by soundboard driving units 35A-35D to generate the sound. String striking sound data and resonance sound data generated by a string spectrum arithmetic part 40 and a resonance sound arithmetic part 43 in real time with keying detection are outputted through an audio signal sending part 41 as driving signals outputted to the soundboard driving units 35A-35D. Data stored in a string striking sound ROM 37 and a resonance sound ROM 38 are usable as both the string striking sound data and resonance sound data. The string striking sound data is calculated according to a key No. and a hammer speed and the resonance sound data is calculated according to stepping-in information on the loud pedal in addition to them.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a keyboard instrument, and when the loud pedal is depressed, the resonance sound data of strings that resonate with the string striking sound is generated together with the string striking sound data, and the soundboard is driven based on these data. , It is the one that brings out the loud pedal effect on a piano that is not stretched.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in an acoustic piano, when a loud pedal (damper pedal) is depressed, all dampers are separated from the strings. With all these dampers away from the strings, for example N
o. Consider the case where one key is pressed by the performer.

First, as a result of the hammer striking the string with respect to the pressed key, the string vibrates in a predetermined line spectrum. At the same time, the soundboard performs a predetermined vibration based on this string vibration and its f particularly. Due to the string vibration and the soundboard vibration, a compressional wave of air is formed to produce a tone of a predetermined pitch. Here, the other strings that have not been struck also vibrate in resonance with the vibration of the struck string. For example, No. The fundamental tone of one key is 27.5 Hz, and the nth harmonic string resonates. That is, No. No. 13 key (Sound A), No. 20 key (E sound), No. Each string on the 25th key (A note) resonates with a considerably large amplitude,
No. 29 key (C # sound), No. 32 keys (E sound),
No. Each string for the 37th key (Sound A) resonates slightly. Since this resonance string gradually receives vibration energy via the bridge, the rise of the vibration is delayed by several seconds to several 100 msec from the time of striking the string.

Next, when the loud pedal is depressed, the No. 1
Consider the case where the 3 key is pressed. in this case,
No. Since the fundamental tone of the 13th key is 55 Hz, No. Two
5 key, No. 32 key, No. Strings such as 37 keys can be resonated. However, in reality, no. 1 key and No. The 25-key string resonates with a fairly large amplitude,
No. The 37-key one resonates with a small amplitude. That is, the strings resonate for a key one octave below, and this phenomenon is recognized up to the next high pitch.

For the keys in the middle to upper treble, above 2
There is no resonance above the overtone, and only the resonance is for the key one octave below.

[0006] The rise of the resonance sound is several 100 msec to several tens msec even for middle and high tones, which is much slower than the actual sound of the pressed key. On the other hand, with respect to the fall of the resonance sound, as long as the depressed string continues to vibrate, energy is supplied, so that sounding continues for several tens to several seconds.

As described above, in the acoustic piano, the loud pedal effect is exerted, and a very wide and rich sound is obtained.

Conventionally, various types of reverberation adding devices have been known. For example, iron plate type, using delay line, D
There is a device using an SP (digital signal processing device). Such a device adds the reverberation of a string that has been struck, not the reverberation of a string that has not been struck.

[0009]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional technique, it is possible to give a reverberation effect to the sound actually hit in the performance, but to obtain the resonating sound due to the resonating string. I couldn't. That is, the above-mentioned loud pedal effect was not exhibited.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a keyboard instrument that can exert a loud pedal effect.

[0011]

A keyboard instrument according to a first aspect of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, has a string striking mechanism 110 that operates in response to a keystroke, and a loud pedal 120 that is swingable.
In a keyboard musical instrument provided with, detecting means 130 for detecting at least a motion state of the string striking mechanism 110 and a state of the loud pedal 120, and string striking sound data indicating a sound of a string corresponding to a keystroke is stored and / or generated. String-sounding data generation means 140, resonance-sound data generation means 150 that stores and / or generates resonance-sound data of strings that resonate with strings corresponding to a keystroke, and string-sounding data that corresponds to a keystroke when the loud pedal 120 is operated. The control means 160 for reading and / or generating the resonance sound data generated by the keystroke by the string sound data generation means 140 and the resonance sound data generation means 150, respectively, and the generated string sound data and resonance sound data acoustically. Sound output means 170 for converting and outputting.

As shown in FIG. 2, a keyboard instrument according to a second aspect of the present invention includes at least a string striking mechanism 210 that operates in response to a keystroke, and a swingable loud pedal 220. Detecting means 230 for detecting the movement state of the string striking mechanism 210 and the state of the loud pedal 220, and string striking sound data generating means 24 for storing and / or generating string striking sound data indicating the pronunciation of the string corresponding to the keystroke.
0 and a resonance tone data generation unit 250 that stores and / or generates resonance tone data of a string that resonates with a string corresponding to a keystroke.
When the loud pedal 220 is operated, the string striking sound data corresponding to a keystroke and the resonance sound data generated by the keystroke are read and / or generated by the string sound data generating means 240 and the resonance sound data generating means 250, respectively. 260, a sounding means 270 for converting the generated striking sound data and resonance sound data into sound and outputting the sound, and a correcting means 280 for correcting at least the decay time of the resonance sound according to the release speed of the loud pedal 220.
And have. Here, the resonance sound data generation means 15
0 and 250 may be, for example, those in which resonance sound data is stored in advance, or may be those in which resonance sound data is calculated each time a string is struck, and for example, the stored basic waveform is a string striking state. The correction calculation may be performed according to the above. Further, the correction unit 280 may be configured to correct the fundamental tone and the overtone ratio in the half pedal area, for example. For example, the soft portion of the felt may be configured to have an effect of rapidly attenuating the high-order magnification. Further, for example, it may be one that corrects another frequency ratio that occurs secondarily. Other frequencies may be frame noise or the like.

[0013]

In the keyboard instrument according to the first aspect, when the loud pedal is depressed, string-sounding sound data corresponding to the string struck and its resonance sound data are respectively generated, and, for example, the soundboard is vibrated based on these data. Get pronunciation. That is, the loud pedal effect is exhibited.

In the keyboard instrument according to the second aspect, when the loud pedal effect is obtained, the decay time of the resonance sound is corrected according to the release speed of the loud pedal. As a result, a loud pedal effect can be obtained according to the operation of the loud pedal.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment of a keyboard instrument according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 3 to 4 are diagrams for explaining one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a keyboard instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a program executed by the controller of the keyboard instrument according to the embodiment.

The keyboard musical instrument in this embodiment includes an acoustic piano, a string, a frame, a tuning pin,
It is constructed by removing the damper head. Further, although the 88 key and its action (string striking mechanism) are not disclosed in the figure, they have the same configuration as that of the acoustic piano.

For example, a capstan screw is erected on the upper surface of the rear end portion of the key, and the support is pushed up by the capstan screw in response to a key pressing operation. A jack is swingably supported on the support, and when the support is pushed up, the hammer pivotally supported on the shank rail above the support is rotated by the jack, and the hit body (string) is rotated. Instead of the one provided) will be hit.

A pressure sensor is attached to the hammer contact surface of the hit body unit. The pressure sensor detects the impact force of the hammer. This pressure sensor is composed of, for example, a piezoelectric element.

The action is provided with a hammer sensor 31 for detecting the rotational speed of the hammer. For example, a hammer sensor 31 composed of a reflection type optical sensor is arranged so as to face the hammer shank. Further, a key sensor for detecting the pressed key is arranged below each key. These key sensors are also composed of reflected light type optical sensors. The signal from this key sensor is input to the key assigner 32.

This keyboard instrument has a loud pedal (also called a damper pedal), a shift pedal, and a sostenuto pedal, and a pedal sensor 33 for detecting the swing of each pedal is provided. Has been done. The pedal sensor 33 outputs a pedal ON signal when the loud pedal is depressed, for example.

The soundboard is divided into a small-area soundboard 34A for high-pitched sound and a soundboard 34B for low-pitched sound having a larger area. Four soundboard drive units 35A, 35B, 35C and 35D are attached to the straight columns at predetermined positions of these soundboards 34A and 34B, respectively. These soundboard drive units 35A to 35D are composed of, for example, permanent magnets, yokes, voice coils, etc., and are electromagnetically driven to vibrate the soundboards 34A and 34B at predetermined frequencies. For example, the voice coil is fixed to the soundboard side, and the casing of the permanent magnet is fixed to the pillar side of the piano.

Here, as shown in FIG. 3, in this piano, the output signals from the hammer sensor 31, the key assigner 32, and the pedal sensor 33 are input to the controller 36 via the data bus. Controller 36
Is a string striking sound ROM 37 and a resonance sound RO via a data bus.
It is connected to M38, FDC (controller for floppy disk drive) 39, string spectrum calculation unit 40, audio signal transmission unit 41, remote controller 42, resonance sound calculation unit 43, string sound calculation unit 37A, and RAM 44.

Then, the controller 36 performs predetermined processing based on the input signals from these sensors to generate a drive signal, which is driven from the audio signal transmitting section 41 through the soundboard equalizer 45 and power amplifiers 46 and 47. The signal is output to the soundboard drive units 35A to 35D to drive them. The hammer sensor 31 detects the hammer speed and outputs the key velocity signal as described above.

In the string striking sound ROM 37, a sound signal recorded in advance by a sampler and / or a signal mainly composed of a piano sound calculated in advance by the string spectrum calculation unit 40 is stored as key press sound data for 88 keys. It is a thing. The intensity of each spectrum of these key depression sound data is adjusted according to the hammer speed. In general, harmonics are emphasized when hit hard. A signal can be calculated by the string striking sound calculator 37A according to the key depression and the hammer speed. In addition, for example, a signal stored in the string-sounding tone ROM 37 is converted into a string-sounding tone calculation unit 3 according to the hammer speed.
It may be corrected at 7A.

The resonance sound ROM 38 is accessible when the pedal sensor 33 is active (stepped on). The resonance sound ROM 38 stores the resonance sound data of the resonance strings for each string when the key is depressed by depressing the loud pedal. This data is a sound signal recorded in advance by a sampler and / or a spectrum signal calculated in advance by the resonance sound calculator 43.
As the resonance sound data, for example, it is sufficiently practical to consider that strings of up to six keys resonate for one key. It is advisable to consider not only the second harmonic but the third harmonic, the fourth harmonic, and the sixth harmonic for the strings one octave above the bass. No. If the pitch is higher than 13 keys, it is necessary to consider the string of the key one octave below. Also, the number of dampers for a piano is usually 71. Furthermore, the intensity of each spectrum is determined by the model and hammer speed. The resonance sound data may be stored in the resonance sound ROM 38 in advance, or may be calculated by the resonance calculation unit 43, for example, and the data stored in the resonance sound ROM 38 may be recorded. The resonance tone calculation unit 43 may perform correction calculation according to the string situation.

The string spectrum calculation unit 40 may drive the soundboard drive units 35A to 35D by calculating the string spectrum in real time according to the key depression. Further, this data may be stored in the key depression sound ROM 37. Letting the fundamental frequency of the string for the depressed key be f ₁ , each harmonic frequency (f _n ) is f _n = nf ₁ (1
+ Bn ² ) ^1/2 . That is, the overtones are inharmonic,
The pitch is increased by (1 + Bn ² ) ^1/2 . Where B
Is represented by B = π ² EAK ² / (TL ² ). However, E
Is Young's modulus, A is the cross-sectional area of the string, K is the radius of gyration, T is the tension, and L is the string length. The relative intensity of each overtone is | R (ω) | = | sin {(π /
L) × (L / H) × n} | / n. However, n is the harmonic order and H is the string striking ratio.

The resonance tone calculation unit 43 controls the maximum of the 6th harmonic
Intended for keys. Each harmonic order is f _n = nf ₁ (1
+ Bn ² ) ^1/2 . The intensity of each spectrum also differs depending on the musical range. As this resonance sound data, that of an acoustic piano can be measured and stored in a memory. The loudness of this resonance sound is about -10 to -20 dB as compared with the key pressing sound (string striking sound). The rise of the resonance sound is from several seconds to several hundreds as described above.
It is a delay of msec. The fall continues for a few seconds unless the pedal is turned off. The processing when the pedal is off is performed by the pedal sensor and the audio signal sending unit 41.

The audio signal transmitting section 41 is the ROM
37, 38 or the digital signal of the sound data from the sound signal calculation unit 40, 43 is converted into an analog signal, or
A soundboard f special inverse characteristic filter is used for equalizing (digital equalizing), and then DA conversion is performed. The string striking sound is attenuated according to the OFF signal from the key assigner 32. The resonance sound is attenuated according to the signal from the pedal sensor 33. However, when the loud pedal is slowly returned by the half pedal, the damping is slow according to the return speed. When the loud pedal is turned off, the dampers are tuned together and the sound is stopped. However, the following control is performed because some players desire to adjust the low-pitched stop sound late. For example, even in simultaneous stringing, there are three types of stop sounds: rapid stop, normal stop, and slow stop. In addition, in the case of inclined stringing, control is performed such that low tone is slow and high tone is stopped faster. Furthermore, it makes a very slow stop when the pedal is released very slowly. That is, it is a continuous noise stop. In the so-called half pedal region, the fundamental tone and the overtone ratio may be corrected, and the higher harmonic overtone may be quickly attenuated. Further, for example, it may be configured to correct other frequency ratios such as frame noise that are secondarily generated.

The soundboard equalizer 45 performs continuous equalizing. In addition, the power amplifier 46,
47 is a sound board drive unit 35A-3 which amplifies an acoustic signal.
It is output to 5D.

Next, the operation of the keyboard instrument according to this embodiment will be described. At the time of actual performance, the CPU of the controller 36 executes the program shown in the flowchart of FIG.

First, sensor signals are input from the sensors 31 and 33 to the input / output section of the controller 36 (S40).
1). For example, for a key that has been pressed, a detection signal from the key sensor is input via the key assigner 32, and the hammer speed is input as the key velocity from the hammer sensor 31.

Next, it is determined whether or not the loud pedal has been operated (S402), and if there is no operation (depression), the string-sounding signal corresponding to the key depression is output as the string-sounding ROM 37.
Or from the string spectrum calculator 40 based on the key velocity signal (S).
403).

Then, the output timing control process for this string striking sound signal is performed (S404). For example, according to a map that defines mutual relationships such as key numbers, hammer speeds, and sounding times, an appropriate sounding time is calculated corresponding to the detected key number and hammer speed, and sounding timing is adjusted.

Further, at the sounding timing calculated in this way, the key depression sound signal (driving signal) is output to each soundboard driving unit 35A to 35D (S405). As a result, the soundboard drive units 35A to 35D are connected to the soundboards 30A and 3D.
0B is driven at a predetermined frequency to produce a desired tone color. After the signal is output, it is judged whether or not the performance is finished (S406). If it is not finished, the step S40 is performed.
Return to 1 and wait for the input of the sensor signal.

When the loud pedal is operated by the input of the sensor signal (YES in S402), it is determined whether or not the loud pedal is depressed (S407). If the loud pedal is depressed, the same as above. A string-sounding tone signal is obtained by reading a key-depressing tone signal corresponding to the key-depression or calculating a string spectrum (S408). Further, the resonance tone signal is read from the resonance tone ROM 38, or the resonance tone calculation unit 43 calculates the resonance tone signal (S409).
Then, a signal output timing control process is performed to calculate the output timing of the string striking sound signal and the output timing of the resonance sound signal (S410). Then, the soundboard drive unit 3 is configured so that a key depression sound is generated at a predetermined timing by the signal output processing (S405), and a resonance sound is generated after a predetermined time delay.
5A to 35D.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S407 that the loud pedal is not being depressed (pedal release), a damping noise reduction process is performed (S411) and a signal is output. Depending on the release speed of the loud pedal, for example, any one of the three types of simultaneous stringing, inclined stringing, and extremely slow noise stop described above is selected to stop the sound. The attenuation here is realized by a predetermined attenuation time correction process for the calculated resonance sound signal.

Therefore, in this keyboard instrument, as with a normal acoustic piano, the hammer is rotated through the action by the player's key depression, and a predetermined key touch feeling is obtained. In addition, at the same time as this key depression at the time of performance, the sound board 30 which is a sounding means based on the line spectrum relating to the string vibration signal of this acoustic piano.
A desired sound is made from A and 30B. In this case, not only the key depression sound of the depressed key but also the resonance tone thereof is sounded with a predetermined delay. These results,
Tones similar to or better than an acoustic piano,
You can get a loud pronunciation.

[0038]

As described above, according to the present invention, the loud pedal effect can be obtained even in a piano having no strings. Also, the tone color and volume can be approximated to those of an acoustic piano.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a keyboard musical instrument according to claim 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a keyboard musical instrument according to claim 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a keyboard musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a program executed by a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

110, 210 string striking mechanism, 120, 220 loud pedal, 130, 230 detecting means, 140, 24
0 string striking sound data generating means, 150,250 resonance sound data generating means, 160,260 control means, 17
0,270 sounding means, 280 correcting means

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A keyboard instrument comprising a string striking mechanism that operates in response to a keystroke, and a loud pedal that is swingable, and detection that detects at least the motion state of the string striking mechanism and the state of the loud pedal. Means, string-sound data generation means for storing and / or generating string-sound data indicating the pronunciation of a string corresponding to a keystroke, and resonance-sound data for storing and / or generating resonance-sound data for a string resonating with a string corresponding to a keystroke. Generating means, and control means for reading and / or generating string striking sound data corresponding to a keystroke and resonance sound data generated with the keystroke by the string striking sound data generating means and the resonance sound data generating means, respectively, when the loud pedal is operated. A sounding means for converting the generated string striking sound data and resonance sound data into sound and outputting the sound. Keyboard instrument to be. 2. A keyboard musical instrument comprising a string-striking mechanism that operates in response to a keystroke, and a loud pedal that is swingable, and detection that detects at least the motion state of the string-striking mechanism and the state of the loud pedal. Means, string-sound data generation means for storing and / or generating string-sound data indicating the pronunciation of a string corresponding to a keystroke, and resonance-sound data for storing and / or generating resonance-sound data for a string resonating with a string corresponding to a keystroke. Generating means, and control means for reading and / or generating string striking sound data corresponding to a keystroke and resonance sound data generated with the keystroke by the string striking sound data generating means and the resonance sound data generating means, respectively, when the loud pedal is operated. , Sound generating means for converting the generated string striking sound data and resonance sound data into sound and outputting the sound, Keyboard instrument and having a correction means for correcting the decay time of at least resonance sound in response to the release rate.