JP4046226B2 - Electronic piano - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electronic piano, and more particularly to an electronic piano suitable for reproducing the “hearing” of an acoustic piano when a damper pedal or a sostenuto pedal is depressed to strike a key.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In an electronic piano, a musical tone generation instruction is output in response to a key press, that is, a key depression of a keyboard. In order to detect keystrokes, a set of two sensors with different sensing positions in the vertical direction is used. While the velocity, that is, the keystroke strength, is detected based on the output time difference between these sensors, a tone generation instruction is output with the lower sensor of both sensors turned on as a trigger.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When the damper pedal is stepped on before the key is pressed, the action operates in response to the key hit, and the string is hit by that, so there is a period from when the key is pressed to when the string vibrates until sound is produced. According to the experiment of the present inventor, it was observed that when the damper pedal was stepped on, many strings other than the string hitting started the impact vibration before the string hitting started the string vibration. This is because the dampers are detached from all the strings, so that the strings other than the string strike vibrate due to the action of the keystroke action before the hammer hits the string at the time of the keystroke.
[0004]
FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a vibration waveform of a string when a damper pedal is used, and FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a vibration waveform of another string different from the string. The string striking is an E4 string, and the other strings are C4 strings. In the figure, point P0 is the vibration start position of the E4 string. As shown, the C4 string vibrates in resonance with the vibration of the E4 string from the striking start position P0 of the E4 string. Furthermore, the vibration of the C4 string, which is the other string, starts from the time before the string striking vibration start position P0, that is, while the E4 string is not vibrating. Similar impact vibrations exist when playing with a sostenuto pedal.
[0005]
When the pedal is used, as described above, an impact vibration is generated before the start of stringing vibration. However, the conventional electronic piano does not take into account the vibration before the start of the stringing vibration, and the “hearing” due to the impact vibration before the keystroke cannot be reproduced.
[0006]
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic piano capable of generating a musical sound in consideration of impact vibration generated before striking a string by stepping on a pedal.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the present invention provides an upper, middle, and lower switch provided for each key so that outputs are generated in order at three predetermined positions in accordance with the displacement of the key by the keystroke. a position detection sensor comprising an electronic piano and a damper pedal, a pedal sensor produces an output when the damper pedal is depressed, and means for outputting a striking sound of vibrating bowstring generation direction in response to the output of the lower switch , in response to said intermediate switch output, means for outputting the generated instruction of shock vibration sound that mimics the vibrations of the strings other than keying the chord caused by the operation of the string-striking action upon the string-striking, said upper switch and the A means for determining a velocity for a string-sounding sound based on an output timing of a lower switch; and an impact based on output timings of the upper switch and the intermediate switch. And means for determining the velocity of the vibration sound, the pedal sensor is a first feature means for outputting the generated instruction of the shock vibration sound in that Ru is activated when occurring the output.
[0008]
Further, according to the present invention, the means for determining the velocity for the impact vibration sound determines the velocity according to the time from when the output of the upper switch occurs until the output of the intermediate switch, and the velocity for hitting the string determining means, there is a second feature in that it is configured to determine the velocity by the time from when the output of the upper switch until the output of the lower switch.
[0009]
According to the first and second features, when the pedal is used, the intermediate switch generates an output when the key is pressed, and an instruction to generate an impact vibration sound is output. Next, an instruction to emit a string sound is output when the lower switch generates an output. In other words, the striking vibration sound of the strings other than the string is first generated by the keystroke, and then the stringing sound is generated. The velocity for impact vibration sound is determined by the time from when the upper switch produces output until the intermediate switch produces output, and the velocity for string hitting sound is produced by the upper switch producing output after the upper switch producing output. It is determined by the time until.
[0010]
Further, the present invention includes a position detection sensor comprising upper and lower switches provided for each key to produce an output in order at two locations planned in accordance with the displacement of the key by the key depression, an electronic piano and a damper pedal in a pedal sensor which produces an output when the damper pedal is depressed, and means for outputting in response hitting sound of vibrating bowstring generated instructs the output of the lower switch,
In accordance with the output of the upper switch means for outputting the generated instruction of a pseudo bombarding vibration sound vibrations of the strings other than keying the chord caused by the operation of the string-striking action upon the string-striking, said upper switch and the lower and means for determining the velocity of a droplet sound of vibrating bowstring based on the output timing of the switch, the the point where the pedal sensor Ru actuates the means for outputting the generated instruction of the shock vibration sound when occurring an output There are three features.
[0011]
According to the third feature, when the pedal is used, the upper switch generates an output when the key is pressed, and an instruction to generate an impact vibration sound is output. Next, an instruction to emit a string sound is output when the lower switch generates an output. In other words, the striking vibration sound of the strings other than the string is first generated by the keystroke, and then the stringing sound is generated. The velocity for the string-sounding sound is determined by the time from when the upper switch produces output until the lower switch produces output.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of the electronic piano according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, a bus line 40 includes a CPU 1, a RAM 2, a ROM 3, a program memory 4, a musical tone waveform memory 5, a tone generator 6, a keyboard interface 7, a pedal interface 8, a panel interface 9 and a DAC (digital / analog converter) 10. Is connected. A keyboard device 11 is connected to the keyboard interface 7, a pedal device 12 is connected to the pedal interface 8, and an operation panel 13 is connected to the panel interface 9. The keyboard device 11 includes a plurality of keys (for example, 88 keys) and a key sensor (details will be described later) for detecting the amount of depression of each key. The keyboard interface 7 generates key event information and touch information based on the output signal of the key sensor, and these information are stored in the RAM 2 in association with the key number.
[0013]
The pedal device 12 includes a damper pedal, a sostenuto pedal, and a sensor (volume) that detects the depression amount of these pedals. The pedal device 12 is provided in order to reproduce the effect of depression of each pedal in the acoustic piano with the electronic piano. A sound system 14 including an amplifier and a speaker is connected to the DAC 10. It is preferable to provide at least two sets of amplifiers and speakers so that the direction of the sound image can be controlled.
[0014]
The CPU 1 controls each component according to a control program stored in the program memory 4. The musical tone waveform memory 5 stores waveform data corresponding to a plurality of timbres, and the ROM 3 stores parameters for processing musical tone waveform data to generate musical sounds. The RAM 2 is used as a work area for temporarily storing various data when the CPU 1 executes the program. The operation panel 13 includes an LCD screen, various switches and volumes, and indicator lights such as LEDs, and is disposed on, for example, a control panel provided adjacent to the keyboard device 11.
[0015]
During performance, musical tone waveform data is read from the musical tone waveform memory 5 to the sound source device 6 in response to a key-on signal input from the keyboard device 11. The musical tone waveform data is read at a frequency corresponding to the key-on number included in the key-on signal. In the tone generator 6, the read musical sound waveform data is subjected to processing such as envelope control including the formation of an attack portion according to velocity and addition of effects, thereby forming a musical sound signal. The tone signal is converted into an analog tone signal by the DAC 10 and then supplied to the sound system 14. The sound system 14 amplifies an analog musical sound signal with an amplifier and then produces a sound with a speaker.
[0016]
Further, the CPU 1 can add an effect corresponding to the pedal constituting the pedal device 12, for example, a damper pedal effect, to the tone signal by a control signal (pedal depression signal by the sensor) input from the pedal device 12.
[0017]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view showing the structure of the keyboard device of the electronic piano. Each key 15 of the keyboard device 11 is supported by a balance pin 16 serving as a fulcrum, and a capstan screw 17 protruding upward is provided on the right side of the balance pin 16, that is, near the end of the key 15 in the back direction. The frame 18 is provided with a hammer 20 that extends substantially horizontally and is swingable up and down around a shaft 19 provided near the frame 18. An action weight 21 is provided near the tip of the hammer 20. On the other hand, a counterweight 22 is provided in a suspended state near the balance pin 16 on the left side of the key 15, that is, near the front end of the key 15. Further, the frame 18 is provided with a stopper 23 that prevents the action weight 21 from jumping up too much. When the key 15 is not depressed, the side on which the counterweight 22 is provided is in a raised position.
[0018]
When the key 15 is pressed during performance, the front end portion of the key 15 is lowered around the balance pin 16, and conversely, the back end portion of the key 15 is lifted. At that time, since the capstan screw 17 pushes up the hammer 20 provided with the action weight 21, the player feels the reaction force of this pushing force as a touch.
[0019]
The bottom plate 181 of the frame 18 is provided with a position detection sensor 24 as a key sensor for detecting the amount of displacement of the key 15 in the vertical direction. The position detection sensor 24 includes a plurality of switches SW1, which have different height positions, that is, distances between the detected object and the sensing unit.
It consists of SW2 and SW3.
[0020]
The switch SW1 detects that the key 15 has started to descend and generates an output. The switch SW3 detects the counter weight 22 in the vicinity of the lowest position of the key 15, that is, the position corresponding to the position where the key 15 is pressed down to the maximum, and generates an output. The switch SW2 generates an output upon detecting that the key 15 has been lowered to the height set between the switches SW1 and SW3 during the lowering of the key 15.
[0021]
The counter weight 22 provided on the lower surface of the key 15 is made of a magnetic material such as iron, and each switch of the position detection sensor 24 detects a magnetic material and generates an output corresponding to the distance from the magnetic material. It is good to use as. That is, the counterweight 22 is a detection object. Since the output of the magnetic sensor changes according to the distance between the sensing unit and the magnetic body, the distance between the counterweight 22 and the position detection sensor 24 can be detected based on this output. That is, the position detection sensor 24 is at the front end of the bottom plate 181 or the bottom plate 181, and generates an output corresponding to the interval between the shelf plate 182 and the key 15 whose upper surface faces the lower surface of the front end of the key 15. The position detection sensor 24 is not limited to a magnetic sensor, and may be various position detection sensors such as an optical sensor and a vibration sensor. Of course, the shape and material of at least the surface of the counterweight 22 that faces the position detection sensor 24 are deformed by the sensor to be selected.
[0022]
In this embodiment, the musical sound generation instruction timing and detection envelope are changed between a performance in which the pedal is operated and a performance in which the pedal is not operated.
[0023]
FIG. 1 is a main part functional block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the first musical sound data storage unit 25, waveform data of string vibration, that is, waveform data of piano sound is stored in advance. The second musical sound data storage unit 26 stores in advance waveform data of an impact vibration sound generated before a string is struck when the pedal is used. The SW1 detection unit 27 detects the output of the switch SW1 and inputs a signal to the first velocity calculation unit 28 and the second velocity calculation unit 29. The SW2 detection unit 30 detects the output of the switch SW2 and inputs a signal to the second musical sound data storage unit 26 and the second velocity detection unit 29. The SW3 detection unit 31 detects the output of the switch SW3 and inputs a signal to the first musical sound data storage unit 25 and the first velocity calculation unit 28.
[0024]
The key number detection unit 32 scans the input ports to the CPU 1 of the switches SW1 to SW3 and determines which switch SW1 to SW3 corresponding to which key is on. A key number is input from the key number detection unit 32 to the first musical sound data storage unit 25 and the second musical sound data storage unit 26.
[0025]
The first velocity calculating unit 28 calculates a time difference between signals input from the SW1 detecting unit 27 and the SW3 detecting unit 31 and outputs the time difference as a velocity for forming a string vibration waveform. The second velocity detection unit 29 calculates the time difference between the signals respectively input from the SW1 detection unit 27 and the SW2 detection unit 30, and uses this time difference to form a velocity vibration waveform for other strings than the string striking. Output as.
[0026]
In response to an input signal from the SW3 detection unit 31 and a key-on signal as a stringing sound generation instruction including a key number corresponding to the switch SW3, waveform data is read from the first musical sound data storage unit 25 to the sound source device 6. Similarly, waveform data is read from the second musical sound data storage unit 25 to the sound source device 6 in response to an input signal from the SW2 detection unit 30 and a key-on signal as a shock vibration sound generation instruction including a key number corresponding to the switch SW2. It is.
[0027]
The pedal sensor 33 is a sensor that detects the amount by which the pedal of the pedal device 12 is depressed, and can be configured by a volume that detects the amount of rotation of the rotation shaft that supports each pedal. The pedal detection unit 33 outputs a pedal signal when the output of the pedal sensor 33 exceeds a predetermined value.
[0028]
When the pedal signal is input, the second musical tone data storage unit 25 and the second velocity detection unit 29 output waveform data in response to the output of the switch SW2, or output of the switches SW1 and SW2, respectively. Or output velocity based on.
[0029]
In the tone generator 6, the amplitude of the input waveform data is controlled according to the velocities input from the first velocity calculating unit 28 and the second velocity detecting unit 29, respectively, and a musical tone signal is formed. Thus, only when the pedal is depressed, the waveform data of the impact vibration sound is read prior to the vibration of the string striking, and a sound simulating the impact vibration sound of the other strings due to the key strike is generated.
[0031]
Alternatively, the waveform data may be read from the second musical sound data storage unit 25 by providing a delay time from the output of the switch SW2. If the velocity calculated by the second velocity detection unit 29 is too large, the generation timing of the impact vibration sound prior to the string vibration sound may be too early. Therefore, assuming such a case, when the velocity calculated by the second velocity detection unit 29 is equal to or higher than the predetermined value, the waveform data is not read immediately in response to the output of the switch SW2, After a predetermined delay time, the waveform data is read from the second musical sound data storage unit 25.
[0032]
Further, the key release strength, that is, off velocity, can also be detected by the output time difference between the switches SW1, SW2, and SW3.
[0033]
Furthermore, a signal processing unit can be provided as an effect processing unit that adds an effect to the musical sound signal output from the tone generator device 6. For example, when adding reverb, the volume of reverb is increased when the velocity is high, and the volume of reverb is decreased when the velocity is low. The reverb is preferably terminated when the key is released, that is, when the outputs of the switches SW1 to SW3 are all turned off.
[0034]
The signal processing unit as the effect processing unit can be composed of a digital signal processor (DSP) including a delay unit, a signal writing circuit to the delay unit, a signal reading circuit, and a multiplier.
[0035]
In the above embodiment, switches are provided at three positions as sensors for detecting the position of the key 15, but only two switches may be provided. That is, the switch SW2 is omitted, and a key-on signal can be formed by the switches SW1 and SW3. In this case, the waveform data of the impact vibration sound is read from the second musical sound data storage unit 26 after a predetermined delay time from the output of the switch SW1 (may be made to respond to the output of the switch SW1), and is output to the output of the switch SW3. In response, the waveform data of the string vibration sound is read from the first musical sound data storage unit 25. In this case, the velocity of the string vibration sound is calculated by the output time difference between the switch SW1 and the switch SW3, but the velocity of the impact vibration sound is a fixed value.
[0036]
The musical tone signals formed based on the waveform data output from the first musical tone data storage unit 25 and the second musical tone data storage unit 26 may be added and output to the sound system 14, or the sound signals may be separately provided. It may be output to the system 14 and sounded. Further, the waveform data stored in the first musical sound data storage unit 25 is not limited to one type, and a plurality of types may be stored. The musical sound signal based on each waveform data may be provided with an output time difference, or may be individually subjected to direction control. Direction control is control for localizing a sound image by a plurality of speakers.
[0037]
In addition, the sound source device 6 may use a sine wave addition method, a subtraction method, and a physical sound source method by convolution of the system, instead of a waveform read method that reads waveform data and forms a musical sound signal. it can. In this case, the parameter used for calculation is switched in each method depending on whether or not the pedal is depressed.
[0038]
The sound system 14 has a plurality of speakers for the left and right sides, and preferably outputs a musical sound signal to each speaker, so that it has a two-channel processing system. Can be applied.
[0039]
Furthermore, the pedal device 12 is not limited to one having both a damper pedal and a sostenuto pedal, and can be applied to an electronic piano provided with only one of these (for example, only a damper pedal).
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the first to third aspects of the present invention, when the pedal is operated, an impact vibration sound generated from other strings other than the string is first generated and then a string-sounding sound is generated. It is done. Therefore, when an acoustic piano is used to operate a damper pedal or a sostenuto pedal, it is possible to reproduce the “hearing” of the sound including the impact vibration sound of the other strings before the sound generated by the vibration of the string strikes. it can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating main functions of an electronic piano according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of an electronic piano according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing a keyboard structure of an electronic piano according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of vibration waveforms of a string striking and other strings when the pedal is used.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... CPU, 11 ... Keyboard device, 12 ... Pedal device, 15 ... Key, 24 ... Position detection sensor, 25 ... First musical tone data storage unit, 26 ... Second musical tone data storage unit, 28 ... First velocity calculation unit, 29 ... 2nd velocity calculation part

Claims (3)

Upper provided to produce an output in sequence for each key with three positions scheduled in accordance with the displacement of the key by the key depression, intermediate, and a position detection sensor comprising a lower switch, an electronic piano and a damper pedal,
A pedal sensor produces an output when the damper pedal is depressed,
Means for outputting a string striking sound generation instruction in response to the output of the lower switch;
It means for in response to said intermediate switch output, and outputs the generated instruction of a pseudo bombarding vibration sound vibrations of the strings other than keying the chord caused by the operation of the string-striking action upon the string-striking,
Means for determining a velocity for a stringed sound based on output timings of the upper switch and the lower switch;
Means for determining a velocity for impact vibration sound based on the output timing of the upper switch and the intermediate switch;
Electronic piano according to claim Rukoto actuates the means for outputting the generated instruction of the shock vibration sound when the pedal sensor has occurred the output. The means for determining the velocity for the impact vibration sound determines the velocity according to the time from when the output of the upper switch occurs until the output of the intermediate switch,
It means for determining the velocity for the punching strings, electrons according to claim 1, wherein is from the time the output of the upper switch is configured to determine the velocity by the time until the output of the lower switch piano. A position detection sensor comprising upper and lower switches provided for each key to produce an output in order at two locations planned in accordance with the displacement of the key by the key depression, in an electronic piano and a damper pedal,
A pedal sensor produces an output when the damper pedal is depressed,
Means for outputting a string striking sound generation instruction in response to the output of the lower switch;
And outputting according to the output of the upper switch, the generation direction of the pseudo bombarding vibration sound vibrations of the strings other than keying the chord caused by the operation of the string-striking action upon the string-striking,
Means for determining a velocity for a stringed sound based on output timings of the upper switch and the lower switch;
Electronic piano according to claim Rukoto actuates the means for outputting the generated instruction of the shock vibration sound when the pedal sensor has occurred the output.

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