JPH05295984A - Shield drilling unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce a collapsing and crushing force and thereby crush a pebble layer in the earth by installing a peripheral ring in a tip outer periphery in the propulsive direction of a shield body in a shield drilling unit, and drilling an object in making the peripheral ring rotate together with a rotor. CONSTITUTION:A rotative driver is driven, giving a thrust to a peripheral ring 8 and three blades 32, 34 and 36, through which a pebble layer or a gravel layer is largely crushed. Next, these three blades 32, 34, 36 are tilted and rotated together, and digged earth and sand or the like inclusive of a boulder 100 are thrust in the side of a rotor 2 whose outer surface is tilted at an angle of more than 5 deg. and less than 30 deg. against a turning shaft, and they are put in a partial space 28a of a crushing space 28. In succession, the boulder 100 receives a collapsing and crushing force in a direction of rotation in a gap with a fixed guide 4, and crushed at a point by tips 30a and hard facing parts 18, Then, the boulder 100 is further crushed into yet smaller in another partial space 28b of the hard facing part 18 of the guide part 4, and crushed pebbles and earth, sand or the like obtained are fed to the rearward together with water supplied out of a water hole via an discharge pipe through a passage S.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield excavating device for excavating and propelling an object by crushing an object by rotating a rotating body in a shield body.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a pipe excavation propulsion method, a shield excavator is generally used to arrange a shield body (also referred to as a leading conductor) at the foremost portion of a pipe to be excavated and provided on the shield body. Drill the ground by operating the cutter of the rotating body. The operation of the jacks behind the many pipes following the shield body exerts a thrust on the shield body and the pipes, and the shield body and the many pipes are excavated and propelled into the perforated ground. When the shield body and the pipe are propelled, the object excavated by the cutter passes between the rotating body and the shield body, and reaches a discharging means such as a screw conveyor provided inside the pipe. It is conveyed to the jack side by the discharge means and discharged to a predetermined place outside the pipe.

[0003]

Conventional cutters are generally used for excavating cohesive soil, sandy soil or gravel layers. During the excavation, if the cutter encountered a hard gravel layer or a cobblestone-containing gravel layer, the screw torque increased and it became impossible to proceed. Therefore, the types of suitable soil that can be excavated were limited to cohesive soil and sandy soil. Moreover, if there is a gravel layer during excavation, the excavation and excavation work must be stopped.

In order to excavate such hard ground,
Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-70079 proposes a shield excavating device for eccentrically rotating a compaction head. However, this excavator has a drawback that the structure becomes complicated because an eccentric rotary motion mechanism must be provided.

The present invention provides a shield excavator capable of crushing a gravel layer and advancing without softening an eccentric rotary motion mechanism and capable of excavating a wide range of soil types from soft ground to hard ground. Has a purpose.

[0006]

A first aspect of the present invention is a shield excavating device for crushing and excavating an object by rotating a rotating body (2) in a shield body (1) and surrounding the rotating body (2). A fixed guide (4) is provided separately from each other, and the rotating body (2) and the fixed guide (4) have substantially frustoconical outer surfaces in opposite directions. At least one of the cross-sectional shapes of the fixed guide (4) has a shape other than a circular shape, and the object is crushed between the rotating body (2) and the fixed guide (4). The main point is the shield excavator.

A second aspect of the present invention is a shield excavation device for rotating a rotating body (2) within a shield body (1) to crush and excavate an object, wherein the rotating body (2) has a substantially truncated cone shape. A shield excavation device is characterized in that it has an outer surface of and a plurality of projecting chips (30a, 30b) for crushing an object is provided on the outer surface.

A third aspect of the present invention is a shield excavation device for excavating an object by rotating the rotating body (2) within the shield body (1), wherein the rotating body (2) has a substantially truncated cone shape. The gist of the shield excavating device is that the outer surface of the shield body is inclined at an angle of 5 ° or more and 30 ° or less with respect to the center of rotation of the rotating body (2).

A fourth aspect of the present invention is a shield excavating device for excavating an object by crushing an object by rotating a rotating body (2) in the shield body (1), and an excavating direction (AD) of the shield body (1).
The gist of a shield excavating device is characterized in that an outer peripheral ring (8) is provided on the outer periphery of the tip of the, and the outer peripheral ring (8) is rotated together with the rotating body (2).

According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the blades (34, 36) of the blade assembly (6) provided at the leading portion of the rotating body (2) form a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation axis direction of the rotating body (6). The shield excavation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 attached and attached.

[0011]

By rotating the outer peripheral ring 8 together with the rotating body 2, an object including a hard gravel layer, a gravel layer, large cobblestone, etc. is excavated. Even if hard and large gravel stones are included, they are crushed into fine crushed gravel by the plurality of projecting chips 30a and 30b provided on the surface of the rotating body 2. Since the outer surface of the rotating body 2 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to its center, even a hard and large object such as gravel is gradually crushed.

Further, if the cross section of the rotating body 2 has a shape other than a circular shape (for example, preferably a regular hexagon), the rotation of the rotating body 2 inevitably causes a compulsive force to crush the cobblestone or the like.

[0013]

1 is a sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of the shield excavator of the present invention. The shield excavator has a shield body 1, a rotating body 2, a fixed guide 4, a blade assembly 6, and an outer peripheral ring 8. The rotating body 2 is also referred to as a gravel blade tip, a gravel cutter, or a rotary crusher portion. The fixed guide 4 is also called an outer cone.

The shield body 1 is preferably cylindrical or tubular. Ring-shaped supports 12, 14, 16, 17 are diametrically fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the shield body 1. The fixed guide 4 has supports 12, 14, 16, 17
It has been fixed against. This fixed guide 4 has a conical shape,
In particular, it is frusto-conical in shape and has a circular cross section. That is, the fixed guide 4 is formed so that its diameter gradually increases in the AD direction, which is the excavation direction or the propulsion direction.

The small diameter portion 19 of the fixed guide 4 is a support 12
The large diameter portion 20 of the fixed guide 4 is fixed to the support 1
It is fixed on the 6 and 17 side. The fixed guide 4 is coaxially arranged in the shield body 1. On the inner surface of the fixed guide 4, a hard facing portion 18 is preferably provided in a spiral shape. The fixed guide 4 is made of, for example, S45C, and the hard facing portion 18 is made of a known hard facing material. The angle A formed by the fixed guide 4 and the shield body 1 is preferably 5 ° or more and 30 ° or less, most preferably 1 °.
It is 2 °. Here, if the angle A is smaller than 5 °, the axially crushed portion of the rotating body 2 becomes large, the friction loss with the gravel becomes large, a large driving force is required, and the load on the rotating shaft neck portion is increased. Not preferable. Also, the angle A is 30
If it is larger than °, the crushing force as a reaction force escapes in the AD direction, which is not preferable.

The rear end portion of the rotating body 2 is connected to the connecting member 21. The connecting member 21 is connected to a known rotary drive source (not shown). By driving the rotary drive source,
The rotating body 2 rotates in the direction of arrow S in FIG. For example, 15 revolutions per minute. The rotator 2 preferably has a substantially regular hexagonal cross section, particularly as shown in FIG. The axial end 11 of the rotating body 2 is sharp.

The rotating body 2 includes a first inclined portion 24 and a second inclined portion 2.
Have six. The angle B formed by the first inclined portion 24 and the rotation axis is preferably 5 ° or more and 30 ° or less, and most preferably around 10 ° according to various experimental results. If the angle B is larger than 30 °, it is not good because the hard body cannot be crushed and the durability of the rotating body 2 against the object is poor. Second
As a result of various experiments, the angle C formed by the inclined portion 26 and the rotation axis is most preferably 10 to 15 °.

The inclination of the first inclined portion 24 is opposite to the inclination of the fixed guide 4. That is, the first inclined portion 24 is formed so that its diameter gradually decreases in the AD direction. The inclination of the second inclined portion 26 is in the same direction as the inclination of the fixed guide 4. That is, the second inclined portion 19 is formed so that its diameter gradually increases in the AD direction. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 1, the second inclined portion 26 and the fixed guide 4 are parallel. Large diameter portion 20 of fixed guide 4 and first inclined portion 2
The distance L1 between the tip portions of 4 is, for example, 100 mm or more. The distance L2 between the small diameter portion 19 of the fixed guide 4 and the rear end portion of the second inclined portion 26 is, for example, about 30 mm.

With this structure, a space 28 for crushing gravel or cobblestone 100 is provided between the fixed guide 4 and the rotating body 2.
Is formed. The crushing space 28 is a partial space 28 a formed between the fixed guide 4 and the first inclined portion 24, and a partial space 2 formed between the fixed guide 4 and the second inclined portion 26.
It consists of 8b. The partial space 28a is a space enlarged in the AD direction. The partial space 28b is a space with a constant interval.

As shown in FIG. 1, the rotating body 2 is provided with a large number of projecting chips 30a and 30b. The first inclined portion 24 and the second inclined portion 26 of the rotating body 2 are, for example, S45C.
The chips 30a and 30b are made of a considerable material, and are made of a material that is resistant to wear and impact, such as cemented carbide or ceramic.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a blade assembly 6 is provided on the tip end 11 side of the rotating body 2. The vane assembly 6 has three vanes 32, 34, 36. Feather 3
As shown in FIG. 2, 2, 34 and 36 are arranged at intervals of 120 ° about the rotating body 2. Blades 32,3
As shown in FIG. 6, 4 and 36 are inclined at an angle θ of, for example, 10 ° with respect to the center of rotation of the rotating body 2. By rotating these three blades 32, 34, 36 in the S direction in FIG. 2, the excavated object is pushed into the rear crushing space 28. The three blades 32, 34, 36 are provided with a plurality of elongated hard facing portions 38. As shown in FIG. 2, the tip end portion 11 is also provided with a hard facing portion 40 made of a super hard material. Further, a cemented carbide tip 48 is attached to the front end faces of the three blades 32, 34, 36. The hardened padding portions 38 and 40 are provided to prevent wear.
The three blades 32, 34 and 36 are integrally connected to the outer ring 8. As shown in FIG. 2, the blades 32, 34,
Each inner end of 36 is fixed to the rotating body 2. Feather 3
2, 34, 36, the rotating body 2 and the outer peripheral ring 8 rotate integrally.

FIG. 4 shows the rotating body 2 and the rotating body 2.
FIG. 5 shows a cross section of the rotating body 2 and the rotating body 2. A water passage 44 and three water holes 42 are formed in the rotating body 2 along the axial direction. The three water holes 42 are shown in FIG. This waterway 4
4 is used to cool the rotor 2 and other parts by pouring water during excavation.
Moreover, this water is used to discharge muddy water from the excavated and crushed object. FIG. 7 is a view of the rotating body 2 of FIG. 4 and the rotating body 2 viewed from the X direction of FIG. FIG. 8 is a view seen from the Y direction in FIG.

FIG. 10 shows the chip 30a. The tip 30a includes a first inclined portion 24 and a second inclined portion 2 shown in FIG.
6 is provided. Another chip 30b is provided at the boundary between the second inclined portion 26 and the first inclined portion 24 shown in FIG. As an example, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, there are 60 chips 30a on one side and 6 chips 30b on the other side. These chips 30a and 30b are arranged at a predetermined interval as shown in FIGS. These chips are silver brazed.

Next, the outer peripheral ring 8 is a member having an outer diameter substantially the same as or slightly larger than that of the shield body 1 as shown in FIG. The width and the axial length of the outer peripheral ring 8 help control the direction of the shield body 1. As shown in FIG. 2, carbide tips 50 are provided on the front end surface of the outer peripheral ring 8 preferably at regular intervals of 30 °. Further, on the front end surface of the outer peripheral ring 8, hard facing portions 59 are provided between the two cemented carbide tips 50 at regular intervals.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the outer peripheral ring 8
Six V-shaped hardfacing parts 52 are provided at regular intervals on the outer peripheral surface. These hard facing parts 52 have V-shaped opening angles of 60 ° with respect to each other.

Next, the operation of the above shield excavator will be described.

When a rotation drive device (not shown) is driven, the rotor 2, the outer peripheral ring 8, the rotor 2, and the blades 32, 34, 36 rotate in the S direction in FIG.
When a thrust force is applied to the shield body 1 in the AD direction in FIG. 1 by a device (not shown) such as a hydraulic jack, the gravel layer or the gravel layer is removed from the outer peripheral ring 8 and the blades 32.
At 34 and 36, they are greatly crushed by rotational force and thrust. At this time, since the three blades 32, 34, and 36 are inclined and rotated, the excavated earth and sand including the cobblestone 100 is rotated to the rear rotary body 2.
Push it to the side. Further, since the outer peripheral ring 8 rotates, the shield body 1 is stable during excavation, and it is easy to proceed and the excavation direction control is easy.

The cobblestone 100 and the earth and sand in FIG. 14 enter the partial space 28a of the crushing space 28 in FIG. As described above, the rotary body 2 attached to the rotary body 2 has a polygonal cross section, particularly a regular hexagon. For this reason, as shown schematically in FIG. 16, unlike the case where a circular rotating body is used, the cobblestone 100 that has been pushed in is necessarily rotated between the fixed guide 4 having a circular cross section. Subject to crushing and crushing force in the S direction. That is, in FIG.
When the cobblestone 100 is pinched at the interval R1 between the hardfacing portion 18 and the hardened pad 18 and narrowed to the interval R2, the chip 30a
And, it is crushed at a point by the hardfacing portion 18. In this way, the carbide chips 30 arranged on each surface of the rotating body 2
The cobblestone 100 is crushed between a and 30b and the hard facing portion 18 spirally arranged on the conical surface of the fixed guide 4. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, the maximum distance between the first inclined portion 24 of the rotating body 2 and the fixed guide 4 is the dimension L1 and gradually decreases. Therefore, the boulders are gradually finely crushed by the hard facing portion 18 of the fixed guide 4 and the chips 30a and 30b of the rotating body 2. Then, the chips 30a of the second inclined portion 26 and the partial space 28b of the guide portion 4 at the hardfacing portion 18 are further finely crushed to form crushed gravel 120 as shown in FIG. The obtained crushed gravel and other sediments are shown in Fig. 5.
Along with the water supplied from the water hole 42 of the passage S shown in FIG.
L is sent to the rear via a discharge pipe (not shown).

As described above, in the shield excavator of FIG.
The blades 32, 34 and 36 forcibly send objects such as cobblestone and earth and sand to the rear side of the rotating body 2. Moreover, the rotating body is not eccentrically provided as in the prior art, but the rotating body 2 is formed in a polygonal pyramid shape having a cross section other than a circular shape, for example, a regular hexagon, and a crushing crushing force of a conical cross section. It is created for the cobblestone 100 between the fixed guide 4 and the rotating body 2.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the cross section of the rotating body 2 is not limited to a regular hexagon, but may be another regular polygonal cross section. The cross section of the rotating body 2 may be, for example, an elliptical shape other than the circular shape. Conversely, the crushing and crushing force can be exerted even if the cross section of the rotating body is circular and the cross section of the fixed guide is polygonal or elliptical other than circular.

[0031]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a hard and large object such as a boulder can be reliably crushed by generating a crushing crushing force without using an eccentric shaft. Therefore, the range of adaptive soil quality can be expanded.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, chips can be used to easily break hard and large objects such as boulders into points. Therefore, the range of adaptive soil quality can be expanded. In addition, if only the worn tip is replaced, the rotating body can be used again, and the cost can be reduced.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the outer surface of the rotating body is inclined at an angle of 5 ° or more and 30 ° or less with respect to the central axis. Can be crushed. Therefore, the range of adaptive soil quality can be expanded.

According to the invention of claim 4, since the outer peripheral ring rotates together with the rotating body, not only soft soil but also
Even if there is a hard gravel layer containing boulders, excavation is stable and excavation control is easy. Therefore, the range of adaptive soil quality can be expanded.

According to the invention of claim 5, since the blades of the blade assembly provided at the leading portion of the rotating body are attached at a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation axis direction of the rotating body, the soft soil is not Of course, even if there is a hard gravel layer containing boulders, excavation propulsion is promoted and excavation control is easy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of a shield excavation device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield excavator seen from the direction of the arrow X in FIG. 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a rear view of the gravel blade as viewed in the direction of arrow Y in FIG. 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing a central shaft and a gravel blade of the shield excavator according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a central axis and a gravel blade of the shield excavator according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing blades and an outer peripheral ring of the shield excavating device of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a front view of the present invention viewed in the direction of arrow X in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a rear view of the present invention viewed from the direction of the arrow Y in FIG.

9 is a sectional view taken along the line QQ of FIG. 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a tip of a gravel blade of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the outer peripheral ring of the shield excavator of the present invention, in which the carbide tips are not shown.

FIG. 12 is a view showing an example of a cobblestone.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing crushed gravel obtained by finely crushing boulders between the gravel blade and the guide portion of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining the generation of a crushing and crushing force in the shield excavator of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield body 2 Rotating body 4 Fixed guide 6 Blade assembly 8 Outer peripheral ring 11 Tip part 12 Support 14 Support 16 Support 17 Support 18 Hardening buildup part 19 Small diameter part 20 Large diameter part 21 Connecting member 22 Support part 24 1st inclined part 26 Second inclined portion 28 Crushing space 30a, 30b Chip 32 Blade 34 Blade 36 Blade 38 Hardened overlay 40 Hardened overlay 42 Water hole 44 Water channel 48 Carbide tip 50 Carbide tip 52 Hardened overlay ◆

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A shield excavator for rotating a rotating body (2) within a shield body (1) to crush and excavate an object, wherein a fixed guide (4) is provided around the rotating body (2). Provided, the rotating body (2) and the fixed guide (4) have opposite, substantially frustoconical outer surfaces, the cross-sectional shape of the rotating body (2) and the fixed guide (4). At least one of the two has a shape other than a circular shape, and the object is crushed by the rotation of the rotating body between the rotating body (2) and the fixed guide (4). 2. A shield excavator for excavating an object by rotating a rotating body (2) in the shield body (1), wherein the rotating body (2) has a substantially truncated cone outer surface. And a plurality of projecting chips (30a, 30b) for crushing an object are provided on the outer surface thereof. 3. A shield excavator for excavating an object by rotating a rotating body (2) in the shield body (1), wherein the rotating body (2) has a substantially truncated cone outer surface. And its outer surface is 5 ° with respect to the center of rotation of the rotating body (2).
A shield excavation device characterized by being inclined at an angle of 30 ° or less. 4. A shield excavation device for excavating an object by crushing an object by rotating a rotating body (2) in the shield body (1), and an outer periphery of the shield body (1) at the outer periphery of the tip in the excavating direction (AD). A shield excavator characterized in that a ring (8) is provided and the outer peripheral ring (8) is rotated together with the rotating body (2). 5. The blades (34, 36) of a blade assembly (6) provided at the leading portion of the rotating body (2) are attached at a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation axis direction of the rotating body (6). The shield excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 4.