JPH0525894A - Garden structure body on artificial ground and constructing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make optional construction of a garden available in a building space in a building possible by a method wherein polymer composition, fiber reinforced thermosetting resin, a laminar adhesive agent layer, a fiber reinforced thermosetting resin layer in specified elongation percentage in order, and a soil layer are laminated in layers one after another, and plants are planted in the soil layer. CONSTITUTION:A polymer composition layer, an adhesive layer for fiber reinforced thermosetting resin, a fiber reinforced thermosetting resin layer and a soil layer are laminated in layers one after another on a garden structure body on an artificial ground. The artificial ground is constructed of a single body of asbestos slate or ALC plate, or of combination of both of them. The polymer composition is made of film type composition having elongation percentage of 30% or more in tension by JIS K6301. When it is made of sheet-like body, the composition is stuck with the adhesive layer. After that, a specified garden is constructed by planting plants in the soil layer. Thereby a garden in waterproof structure in optional shape can be created in a lobby or on a rooftop of a building.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a construction space of a civil engineering building which is excellent in waterproofness, fertilizer corrosion resistance, strength and workability, for example, a place which is covered or under the influence of a building, for example, a rooftop The present invention relates to a garden structure on an artificial ground using the middle floor, first floor, basement floor, etc. of a building and its construction method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It has been proposed to put a soil in a building's building space, for example, a rooftop of a building, create an artificial garden, and plant shrubs and flowers to create a greening environment. is doing. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-575, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-11286, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-163009.
There is a bulletin, etc.

When constructing a garden or the like in the building space of a building, the most serious problem is when minute cracks are present on the concrete or asphalt waterproof surface. Of course, even if there is a slight crack, the waterproofing effect will be lost, but since there is always a moderate amount of air and water in the gap, it provides a good condition for the roots of the plant to grow. As the roots grow and expand, the gap grows larger and larger, eventually leading to water leakage. In other words, there is a law that plants grow toward voids as a growth condition, so they will grow endlessly if there is air and humidity at an appropriate temperature. That is, as the cracks grow, the cracks gradually grow as the plant grows, leading to water leakage in the building.

As a method of preventing these, the proposal of the above patent is 1) laying vinyl cloth on a concrete slab.
2) Apply waterproofing and sheet waterproofing on the concrete slab. The proposed waterproofing method has no problem when a person does not walk on the waterproof layer or when an object is not placed, that is, when no load is applied. However, when laying soil like a rooftop garden, use scoops or shovels for earthwork. Since these appliances are generally made of metal, the soft waterproof layer is broken at the time of work, and the roots of the plant grow in the area and the broken area becomes large. Eventually, water will come from that location and lead to water leakage throughout the building.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention An object of the present invention is to have a function of a structure required when the building space of the building is used as a garden, and (1) to have a waterproof function.
(2) The waterproof membrane can follow the movement of the building base,
(3) A strong structure that does not cause damage during construction of the garden, and (4) Easy construction.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has achieved an excellent combination of a reinforced plastic layer having high strength and excellent corrosiveness and a rubber material layer having excellent flexibility. The present invention has been completed by discovering a garden structure on an artificial ground and its construction method. That is, the present invention is, from the top, (A) soil layer, (B) fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer, if necessary (C) adhesive layer for reinforced thermosetting resin layer, (D) tensile elongation in JIS K6301 Rate is 30%
The above-mentioned polymer composition layer, (E) a garden structure on an artificial ground comprising the artificial ground, and a polymer composition having a tensile elongation according to JIS K6301 of 30% or more on the artificial ground (E) Layer (D), optionally a fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer adhesive layer (C), a fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer (B), and a soil layer (A) are provided, and then the plant is placed in the soil layer (A). ), A method of landscaping on artificial ground is provided.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail.

(Structure) The artificial ground (E) of the present invention is a surface that constitutes a civil engineering building structure, and is, for example, cement concrete, asphalt concrete, JIS-5403 (asbestos slate), ALC plate, PC plate, FRP, plastic. , Wood, metal or the like, which may be composed of a single material or a combination thereof, and may have any shape, and may be a spherical surface, a curved surface, an extension surface, a flat surface, a vertical surface, a sloped surface or the like as long as it is a structure surface. good. The roof is preferred.

Specific examples of the polymer composition layer (D) having a tensile elongation of 30% or more specified in JIS K-6301 used in the present invention include a coating film type resin composition or a sheet. In the former case, solid artificial ground such as concrete or metal may be subjected to a surface treatment, a primer treatment, etc., if necessary.

The primer used between the artificial ground (E) and the coating resin composition (D) is a generally known primer, for example, a one-component moisture-curable urethane primer, bisphenol A epoxy / polyamine. A system primer, an unsaturated polyester system primer, etc. can be used.

Polymer composition layer having a tensile elongation of 30% or more
When the material of (D) is a sheet, an adhesive is used to bond it to the artificial ground. The adhesive is roughly classified into an organic solvent type and a non-organic solvent type, an emulsion type, and a two-component reaction type in which a main agent and a curing agent are mixed and used, and none of them contains an organic solvent. This adhesive is used not only as an artificial ground and a sheet-shaped body, but also as an adhesive between sheet-shaped bodies when a plurality of sheet-shaped bodies are used in a stacked manner.

The polymer composition layer (D) of JIS K-6301 of the present invention having a tensile elongation of 30% or more is specifically as follows. As the coating film type resin composition, JIS A-6
910 Multi-layer finish coating material, JIS A-6910 polymer cement-based multi-layer finish coating material, synthetic resin Em (Em indicates emulsion, the same applies below) -based multi-layer finish coating material, reaction-curable synthetic resin emulsion-based multi-layer finish coating material The main material layer such as coating material is applicable. JISA above
The polymer cement-based multi-layer coating material of -6910 is composed of cement as a binder and a polymer dispersion for admixture, for example, an Em synthetic resin such as acrylic or vinyl acetate based on JIS A-6023.

The synthetic resin Em-based multi-layer coating material is an acrylic or vinyl acetate-based synthetic resin Em. The reaction-curable synthetic resin Em is a reaction-curable synthetic resin Em such as an epoxy resin. Further, the above-mentioned synthetic resin solution-based multi-layer finish coating material is a synthetic resin of acrylic type, vinyl type or the like dissolved in an organic solvent such as xylene or toluene, or a reaction curable synthetic resin of epoxy type, urethane type or the like is xylene. , Dissolved in an organic solvent such as toluene.

JISA6021 (roof waterproof coating material) includes urethane rubber type 1 and type 2, acrylic rubber type, chloroprene rubber type, acrylic resin type, rubber asphalt type and the like. Urethane rubber type 1 and 2 are two-component urethane rubber type waterproof consisting of a main agent whose main raw material is a compound having an NCO group and a curing agent whose main components are a crosslinking agent and a filler. The material is classified into the 1st class and the 2nd class according to its quality.

Here, the JIS A-6021 acrylic rubber type means an acrylic rubber Em prepared by mixing a non-vulcanized acrylic rubber whose main raw material is an alkyl acrylate with a filler and the like.
It is a system composition. The acrylic resin system is a composition containing acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester as main raw materials. What is rubber asphalt? Asphalt and styrene.
A rubber asphalt Em composition containing a rubber material such as butadiene or chloroprene rubber as a main component. The chloroprene rubber-based is a chloroprene rubber solution-based waterproofing agent containing chloroprene as a main raw material and a filler and the like.
Rubber asphalt-based is a rubber asphalt emulsion-based waterproofing agent containing asphalt and rubber as main components.

The coating film type resin composition used in the present invention is preferably used in consideration of the crack followability of the artificial ground (E), each product of JIS A-6021 and the extension type of JIS A-6910. A synthetic resin Em-based multi-layer coating material and the like.

In addition to the resin, these various coating film type resin compositions may include aggregates, viscosity stabilizers, nonionic surfactants, defoamers, antifreezing agents, dispersants, wetting agents, preservatives, if necessary. , PH adjusters, thickeners, film-forming aids, various fillers, pigments,
Part or all of cement, fibrous material, etc. may be mixed.

When a powder such as a filler or cement is mixed, the tensile elongation becomes small. When the elongation rate is less than 30%, the crack followability is significantly deteriorated. The tensile elongation is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 100% or more.

Further, a polymer composition layer comprising a sheet-like body
(D) is as follows. That is, JISA-600
8. Synthetic polymer roofing materials limited to JIS A-6009, synthetic polymer roofing materials laminated with base cloth and the like.

These polymeric roofing materials include vulcanized rubber-based roofing materials such as ethylene propylene rubber and butyl rubber, vinyl chloride resin-based roofing materials such as vinyl chloride copolymer, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin-based roofing materials. A stack of each material and others
It is a JISA-6009 product.

The adhesive layer (C) for the fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer, which is provided according to the present invention, is formed by applying an adhesive in a liquid form so that the (D) layer is a sheet form. It is used when the polymer composition layer is composed of a body. The types thereof include urethane type, epoxy type, vinyl ester type, unsaturated polyester type, acrylic type and the like. Considering that it is applied on site, urethane adhesives having isocyanate groups that react with water are preferable. The urethane-based adhesive having an isocyanate group is a moisture-curable adhesive made of a urethane prepolymer having an isocyanate (NCO) group at the terminal, which is obtained by reacting a polyisocyanate and a polyol.

Both of these isocyanate and polyol components are made into urethane prepolymers through known and conventional urethanization reaction in such a proportion that the molecular terminals become isocyanate. Next, the urethane prepolymer is diluted with a dilutable solvent to prepare a resin solution having a resin content of 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 15 to 50% by weight.

Typical diluting solvents are those which do not react with isocyanates such as toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone or cellosolve acetate, and these are used alone or in a mixture to react in the urethanization reaction. Used from the beginning with the polyol component and the organic isocyanate component.

The above-mentioned prepolymer having an isocyanate group may be used as needed for cements, extender pigments, colorants,
An adhesive is prepared by blending various additives such as a thickener, a leveling agent and a defoaming agent. After being used as an adhesive, it is usually painted by hand using a brush, roller brush, etc., but it can be spray-painted by a machine, and the coating film formed in this way can be quickly washed with water in the air. Hardens.

The above is the case where the layer (C) is provided when the layer (D) is a sheet, but it is referred to as a one-component moisture-curable urethane paint in which the amount of the diluting solvent is very small in the layer (D). If a coating type composition is used, the coating layer will be a material compatible with JIS A6021 waterproof material for roof coatings, and the film thickness can be kept thick. With this coating layer, the (C) layer and the (D) layer It is also possible to combine the two, and it is possible to strengthen the adhesion with the (B) layer without providing the (C) layer.

The thermosetting resin used in the fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer (B) of the present invention is an unsaturated polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin or the like, preferably an unsaturated polyester resin. , Vinyl ester resin.

As the unsaturated polyester resin, α, β
-Produced by polycondensation of unsaturated dibasic acid or its acid anhydride, aromatic saturated dibasic acid or its acid anhydride, and glycols, and in some cases, saturated aliphatic or alicyclic as an acid component. Examples include those obtained by dissolving 30 to 80 parts by weight of an unsaturated polyester produced by using a dibasic acid together with 70 to 20 parts by weight of an α, β-unsaturated monomer. The vinyl ester resin is a resin obtained by vinyl-modifying the end of an unsaturated polyester and a resin obtained by vinyl-modifying the end of an epoxy resin skeleton.

If necessary, a thickening agent, a filler, a curing catalyst, a curing accelerator, a shrinking agent and the like are added to these, and it is particularly useful to add the curing catalyst and the curing accelerator. As the colorant, any of conventionally known organic and inorganic dyes and pigments can be used, but among them, those which are excellent in heat resistance and transparency and which do not significantly disturb the curing of unsaturated polyester are preferably used. To be

The fiber reinforcement used is, for example, glass fiber, amide, aramid, vinylon, polyester, organic fiber such as phenol, carbon fiber, metal fiber, ceramic fiber or a combination thereof. Considering workability and economy, glass fiber and organic fiber are preferable. The fibers may be in the form of plain weave, satin weave, matte or the like, but matte is preferred in view of workability and thickness retention. It is also possible to cut glass roving into 20 to 100 mm and use it as chopped strands.

As the filler, calcium carbonate powder, clay, alumina powder, silica powder, talc, barium sulfate, silica powder, glass powder, glass beads, mica, aluminum hydroxide, cellulosic, silica sand, river sand, cold water stone, Known materials such as marble chips and crushed stone can be mentioned, and among them, calcium carbonate, glass powder, aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate and the like are preferable.

The curing catalyst acts on unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, etc.
Azo compounds such as azoisobutyronitrile, tertiary butyl perbenzoate, tertiary per octoate, benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, organic peroxides such as dicumyl peroxide, and the like, unsaturated polyester resin
Usually, it can be used in the range of 0.3 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight.

As the curing accelerator, metal salts of organic acids, especially cobalt salts such as cobalt naphthenate, cobalt octylate, and acetylacetone cobalt are used.
In order to produce the coating structure of the present invention, a flexible polymer composition layer (D) having a tensile elongation of 30% or more is formed on the artificial ground (E), and the above-mentioned JISA-6021 or JISA-6
In the case of the coating type 910, the liquid composition is formed using a device such as a gold iron or a spray.

When a sheet material represented by JIS A-6008 or JIS A-6009 is used as the polymer composition (D) layer, it is attached to the artificial ground (E) using various adhesives. Next, if the (D) layer is a coating type, after curing it, or if it is a sheet, it is applied as it is, for example, an adhesive having an NCO group with a gold iron etc. An adhesive layer (C) for a cured resin layer is formed. By doing so, the NCO group reacts with the water mixed in the (D) layer or the water in the attached air to improve the adhesiveness of the adhesive layer (C).

The resin of the fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer (B) is applied onto the adhesive layer (C) for the fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer and the fiber-reinforced material is applied onto it. The fiber reinforced material is placed on the adhesive layer (C) for the fiber reinforced thermosetting resin layer, impregnated with the thermosetting resin, and cured to form the fiber reinforced thermosetting resin layer (B). Further, in order to reduce such work, a molding material (prepreg) such as SMC, BMC or the like in which the above-mentioned thermosetting resin has been impregnated in the above-mentioned fiber reinforced material may be used.

The soil layer (A) of the present invention is a well-known and commonly used soil generally used for planting, and examples thereof include sand sand, Kanto loam, black soil, red soil, fine soil, corrosive soil, and Fuji soil. Sand, river sand,
Frog stone soil, perlite, vermiculite, upland soil, crushed stone, gravel, etc. are used alone or in combination, with soil improvers, soil water retention agents, plant growth agents, organic / inorganic fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, etc. Good. The thickness of the soil layer (A) is related to the height of the plant to be planted when it grows and the height of the tree, but is generally 2-150 cm, preferably 5-10.
It is 0 cm.

The plants to be planted include grasses, flowering garden plants, bamboos, conifers, hardwoods and other trees, shrubs, flowering trees and garden trees, and are widely used in gardens, parks and the like. It is a thing.

In the garden structure on the artificial ground of the present invention and the construction method thereof, known and conventional devices for irrigation and drainage can be arranged in the soil layer or the like.

Another effect of the present invention is to improve the crack-following performance of the coating layer against the cracks in the artificial ground as described above.
In practical use, the cracking phenomenon of the coating layer often occurs in the conventional roof waterproofing method, in which the mortar is placed on the asphalt waterproofing layer. Generally, in this specification, a press mortar with a width of about 3000 x a length of 3000 x a thickness of 60 mm is placed on the asphalt waterproof layer, and an expansion joint of about 30 mm width is provided.

When repairing water leakage of such a structure, a new waterproof layer is provided directly on the pressing mortar. Therefore, when the expansion joint moves due to temperature change, building vibration, etc., stress propagates to the new waterproof layer on the presser mortar, and the waterproof layer receives a load. If this load is large, or if it is small and the number of repetitions is large, the repair waterproof layer will be broken. It goes without saying that the structure of the present invention can be provided on such an existing waterproof layer.

In general, in the existing waterproof layer, as a method for solving this problem, a method called an insulating method at the joint, in which the artificial ground and the waterproof layer are not in close contact at the joint, is often adopted. As a matter of course, this insulating method is also included in the structure and construction method of the present invention.

If the garden structure thus obtained is used in a civil engineering building, not only can a garden that contributes to urban greening be provided, but also a waterproof structure can be provided. Since it is excellent, even if a crack occurs in the artificial ground due to an earthquake or the like, it can be covered to prevent water leakage.

[0042]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. In the text, "parts" and "%" are based on weight unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 A garden structure on artificial ground of the present invention was constructed on the existing steel frame reinforced concrete roof 500 m ² (on the existing waterproof urethane film waterproof layer) according to the following specifications.

An acrylic rubber emulsion of Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd. having a elongation of 450% is applied as a layer (D) to a thickness of 2 mm, cured and dried, and a layer (C) is used as an adhesive layer for a fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer A 1-part moisture-curable urethane primer PD manufactured by Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. was applied at 0.2 kg / m ² , cured and dried, and then a fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer was applied as layer (B). Glass mat # 450g / m as fiber
² plies of 1 ply, unsaturated polyester resin as thermosetting resin (Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., Polylite FR
-200) was laminated so that the glass content rate was about 25%. Next, a mixed soil of sand sand, perlite, and vermiculite was applied as planting soil for the layer (A), and shrubs were planted. After one year of construction, it was confirmed that it can be used as a roof garden with excellent water resistance, fertilizer corrosion resistance, strength and workability without any problems.

<Example 2> A garden structure on artificial ground of the present invention was constructed on 40 m ² on a terrace attached to an existing steel-framed reinforced concrete building. This terrace has an existing waterproof layer of thermal asphalt waterproof / holding mortar concrete layer with a thickness of 5 cm, on which a garden was constructed with the following specifications.

(D) Layer 1 600% moisture-curable urethane resin with an elongation of 600% (Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., trade name:
Flat-1) is applied with a thickness of 2 mm, cured and dried, and then (C).
0.2 kg / m ² of a one-component moisture-curing urethane resin (Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd. product, primer PD) as an adhesive layer for the fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer of the layer is applied, cured and dried, A fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer was applied to the layer (B). One ply of glass mat # 450 g / m ² as a fiber and an unsaturated polyester resin (Polylite FR-200, Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) as a resin were laminated so that the glass content was about 25%. Next, the soil layer for planting (A)
As a result, Kanto Loam 15 cm was constructed and turf was planted. After one year of construction, no water leakage, waterproofness, fertilizer corrosion resistance, strength,
It was confirmed that it can be used as a garden with excellent workability without problems.

[0047]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The garden structure of the present invention is used for civil engineering structures (highways, bridges, tunnels), building construction spaces (covered or under the influence of buildings, such as rooftops and buildings. If it is used as a garden on artificial ground on the middle floor, first floor, basement floor, etc., it is possible to construct a garden in any shape, and of course, it is a lightweight and tough waterproof structure, water resistant, fertilizer corrosion resistant. An excellent garden structure on artificial ground can be provided.

When the garden structure of the present invention is provided on the rooftop, a heat insulation effect can be obtained due to the presence of the soil layer, which can lead to a decrease in the room temperature of the room on the top floor, and can be useful for greening the city. You can Further, the garden structure on the artificial ground of the present invention can be applied not only to newly constructed buildings but also to existing constructions of old buildings, and can also be used as a waterproof home refurbishment.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. From the top, (A) soil layer (B) fiber reinforced thermosetting resin layer (C) if necessary adhesive layer for fiber reinforced thermosetting resin layer (D) tensile elongation in JIS K6301 is 30%. A garden structure on artificial ground, comprising the above-mentioned polymer composition layer (E) artificial ground. 2. The garden structure on artificial ground according to claim 1, wherein the polymer composition layer (D) is a coating film type resin composition. 3. A polymer composition layer (D) having a tensile elongation of 30% or more according to JIS K6301 on an artificial ground (E).
If necessary, an adhesive layer (C) for fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer, a fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin layer (B), and a soil layer (A) are provided, and then plants are planted in the soil layer (A). Landscaping construction method on artificial ground.