JPH0479813A - Cultivation of mushroom in three-dimensional shelf culture house and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To carry out the humidity correction between upper shelf and lower shelf, to uniformize the cultivation condition between the shelves and to obtain mushrooms having uniform quality by spraying water from above and sending uniform air flow under the lowermost shelf upward. CONSTITUTION:Water-spraying apparatuses 3, 4 for uniformly spraying water to mushrooms cultured on shelves 2 are placed at the upper part in a three- dimensional shelf culture house 1 of mushroom. Air-blowing means 5, 6 are placed at the lower part in the house to send air flow under the lowermost shelf upward. The water-spraying and the air blowing steps are alternately performed optionally inserting a suspension period between both steps to perform the culture of mushroom in the three-dimensional shelf culture house.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms in a three-dimensional shelf cultivation house suitable for cultivating mushrooms efficiently, and an apparatus therefor.

[Conventional technology]

In general, when growing mushrooms using a greenhouse, the temperature, humidity, and airflow inside the greenhouse are artificially controlled to create an environment that is desirable for the generation and growth of mushrooms. We are trying to make a medium harvest possible.

Conventionally, as a means to provide a certain moisturizing effect in such mushroom cultivation greenhouses, it has been possible to use a humidifier, install watering equipment to sprinkle water, or use a combination of watering equipment and a humidifier to perform humidification. It is being done.

However, with the structure of conventional cultivation houses, the upper part of the house tends to dry out, and the lower part tends to become humid.

Therefore, when performing the above-mentioned water sprinkling, in order to ensure a constant humidity even in the upper part of the house, it was necessary to perform the water sprinkling for a long time or to make the humidification continuous. However, if such long-term watering or humidification is carried out regularly, the lower part of the greenhouse will be exposed to excessive humidity due to the influence of the floor surface, and the moisture content of the logs, fungal beds, and mushrooms that have sprouted on them will decrease. There was a problem in that the price was too high, resulting in large differences in the yield and quality of the mushrooms obtained.

In order to solve this problem, conventionally, ventilation means were installed to circulate the air inside the house so that the temperature and humidity inside the house were uniform. As ventilation means, there were methods of installing a skylight in the upper part of the house, a method of providing ventilation holes on the inner side of the house, and a method of installing a ventilation fan on the inner side of the house.

[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, with the method of installing a skylight in the upper part of the greenhouse, warm air can be exhausted, but there is a problem in that it is difficult to cause convection of the air throughout the greenhouse. Ta.

In addition, with the method of installing ventilation holes on the inside of the house,
Although ventilation near the vents inside the house is good, there is a problem in that there is a large difference in temperature and humidity between the periphery and the center of the house.

Furthermore, the method of installing ventilation fans on the inside of the house is superior in that it allows for forced ventilation, but if there are many obstacles inside the house, the air convection will not be uniform and the convection will be reduced. There was a problem with bad things happening.

In addition, all of the three methods mentioned above aim to equalize the temperature inside the house by circulating the air inside the house, that is, the main purpose is to ventilate the house. In a mushroom cultivation house with a traditional shelf structure, there was no airflow ventilation means to compensate for the difference in the moisture content of the fungal beds and logs between the upper and lower parts of the cultivation shelf.

For this reason, when cultivating mushrooms by watering from above, the logs on the upper shelf will inevitably be dry, while the lower part of the shelf will be humid. The content could not be kept constant across each stage.

Therefore, in the past, in order to keep the moisture content of the logs placed on each column constant and eliminate variations in the quality of the mushrooms grown in each column, the logs on the upper and lower shelves were occasionally swapped, and the overall arrangement The aim was to eliminate variations in quality and improve yield by replacing the parts.

However, this work not only requires work at heights and a lot of manual labor, but also this method does not eliminate variations in quality.

The present invention was developed in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to spray water from above and uniformly blow air upward from the bottom of the cultivation shelf, thereby improving the quality of the mushrooms grown in a three-dimensional structure such as shelf cultivation. We have developed a method and device for cultivating mushrooms in a cultivation system that aims to equalize the water content of the mushroom beds and logs between the upper and lower parts of the greenhouse, thereby improving the yield and quality of mushrooms produced on the three-dimensional shelf mushroom beds and logs in the greenhouse. The purpose is to provide.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention includes, in a cultivation house that performs three-dimensional cultivation such as shelf cultivation, watering equipment that uniformly sprinkles water on the mushrooms placed on the shelves in the upper part of the house. It is characterized by providing a ventilation means for airflow ventilation from the bottom to the top of the lowest shelf in the lower part, and cultivating by alternately watering with the watering equipment and blowing air with the ventilation means, or with a rest period in between. This is achieved by a mushroom cultivation method in a three-dimensional shelf cultivation house.

In addition, in a cultivation house that performs three-dimensional cultivation such as shelf cultivation, the device is equipped with a watering equipment installed in the upper part of the house to uniformly water the mushrooms placed on the shelves, and a watering equipment installed in the lower part of the house to uniformly water the mushrooms placed on the shelves. This is achieved by a mushroom cultivation device in a three-dimensional shelf cultivation house, which is characterized in that it is also equipped with a blowing means for airflow ventilation from the bottom to the top.

In addition, as a means of blowing air, the blower pipe is buried under the floor of the house.
An air outlet opened from the floor of the house may be provided.

In other words, the present inventors have repeatedly researched ways to shorten the watering time when cultivating mushrooms in greenhouses, and to uniformize the moisture content of the mushroom beds and logs placed in each section of the greenhouse. By starting from the top and evenly blowing air from the bottom to the top of the bottom shelf, logs in the lower tier, which are in a humid state, are slightly dried, and the humidity is corrected with the upper tier, making the cultivation conditions the same between the upper and lower transoms. They found that by blowing low-temperature air from below upwards, air convection is created within the greenhouse, and the temperature, humidity, and air volume within the greenhouse are kept uniform. We have arrived at this invention.

〔Example〕

Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

Figure 1 (al) is a sectional view showing the first embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 1 ('b) is a plan view thereof. In the figure Fa+, (1) is a cultivation house, (2) is a cultivation shelf assembled three-dimensionally within this cultivation house (1).

A water sprinkling pipe (3) is provided in the upper part of the house, and water sprinkling nozzles (4) are provided at regular intervals below the water sprinkling pipe. A blower pipe (5) is installed below the cultivation shelf (2), and the blower pipe (5) has a blower port (6) with a diameter of about 1 mm to 20 mm.
) are provided, and the hole diameter and number of holes can be freely selected according to the air volume. In addition, the blower end side of this blower pipe (5) is inclined downward, and this slope and the blower valve (7)
), even if water enters the air pipe, it will not flow toward the air blower (8), and the discharge valve (9) will be closed.
By opening it, you can easily drain water and dirt. If air is blown from the air blower If (8) with the exhaust valve (9) closed, air is released from the air outlet (6) and convection occurs within the house (1).

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the cultivation shelf (2). This cultivation shelf (2
) has a rectangular outer shell made up of shelf support members (15) and shelf frame members (16), which supports the shelf's own weight and the weight of the fungal beds or logs.

In the present invention, by arranging the fungal beds or logs on the cultivation shelf (2), watering from the upper part of the greenhouse, and uniformly blowing air from below, a desirable environment for mushroom development and growth is created throughout the greenhouse, resulting in a homogeneous environment. It becomes possible to grow mushrooms.

Although the air blowing means of the present invention is buried underground in the first embodiment, it does not necessarily have to be buried, and any piping method that does not interfere with the work may be used. For example, a blower pipe may be installed inside the house (1), on a side surface, or at the top, and a tributary pipe may be provided from the blower pipe to the lower part of the house. Further, although the water sprinkling means is fixed in the first embodiment, it may be a movable water sprinkling means as shown in FIG. Vinyl chloride or soft heat-resistant tubes are preferable. The ventilation opening (6) of the present invention does not necessarily need to be opened at the top of the ventilation means, and may have a structure and arrangement that allows uniform ventilation from the bottom of the cultivation shelf to the top. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a blow pipe with holes for blowing air may be installed at the bottom of the cultivation shelf.

Furthermore, as a simple means, a vinyl duct corresponding to the length of the cultivation shelf may be used as a blow pipe partially below the cultivation shelf.

Furthermore, as shown in Part 5, if the pit (20) is installed underground, connect the air pipe (5) to the pit (20),
Uniform ventilation can also be achieved by providing a small hole (6) in the lid (21) of this focus (20).

In addition, although the air inside the house (1) is normally used to circulate the air, it is also possible to send out humidified air using a humidifier in order to maintain humidity more strictly. Furthermore, warm air may be sent out to obtain a heating effect. This method has the advantage of being able to uniformly heat the entire house at a relatively low cost. In order to increase the effectiveness of the heating means, it is desirable to wrap a heat insulating material around the blowing means.

In the embodiment, it has been described that outside air is used as the air supply source for the blowing means, but the air supply source for the blowing means is an intake pipe that takes in warm air from the upper part of the house, and relatively cold air from an underground pit. By installing a suction pipe in advance inside the house, and switching the suction pipe appropriately on the inlet side of the ventilation means, cold air from the underground pit is sent in the summer, and warm air from the upper part of the house is sent in the winter. By blowing air, it is possible to achieve temperature control that matches the temperature control conditions of mushrooms to some extent at low cost without using a refrigerator or heater.

By using a refrigerator or a heater, it is of course possible to blow air at the desired temperature.

Furthermore, temperature and humidity sensors are installed in several locations within the greenhouse, and based on this information, watering, air blowing time, and temperature inside the greenhouse are controlled by a computer, which can be developed into a management system that automatically controls the environment of the cultivation greenhouse. It is possible.

Next, the present invention will be explained based on examples.

[Examples 1 to 3] Shiitake artificial building blocks (fungal beds) were placed on the cultivation shelf shown in Figure 2 (width 60 cm, length 240 cm, height 160 cm) - 5 per stage
Two pieces (4 x 13) were arranged. The environment was controlled under the conditions shown in Table 1, and the air blowing method was as shown in Figure 1. The artificial shiitake mushroom crosspiece (fungus bed) used is made from wood flour, rice bran, etc., and is completely in the form of a mycelial mass, completely infested with mycelium, and capable of producing fruiting bodies. The weight used was 1 kg to 30 g.

In addition, the top, fourth, and bottom cultivation racks were defined as the upper middle lower part, respectively, and the weight of the shiitake artificial crosspiece (fungus bed) was measured after 1 month in each part of the test plot.
After July, the average cultivation yield of the test plots was evaluated.

From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that when the air blowing means of the present invention is used, the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse and the air volume become uniform, and the difference in crosspiece weight between the upper and lower parts of the cultivation shelf becomes smaller. Furthermore, there is little difference in the weight of the crossbars at the same part of the cultivation shelf, which indicates that there is little difference in temperature, humidity, and air volume between the center of the house and the vicinity of the periphery.

On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 shown in Table 2, there is a large difference in the weight of the crosspieces depending on the part of the cultivation rack, and there is also a large variation in the weight of the crosspieces, so there are differences in the yield and quality of the mushrooms obtained. I know it's easy.

Example 4 is a case in which hot air is blown, and Example 5 is a case in which air is blown under cooling conditions. In both cases, the difference in crosspiece weight is smaller than in the comparative example, as in Examples 1 to 3. This shows that there is little difference in temperature, humidity, and air volume.

In addition, the mushroom cultivation house of the present invention not only has artificial crossbars for shiitake mushrooms, but also oyster mushrooms and shirotamogitake mushrooms.

It can also be used when cultivating mushrooms such as nameko, maitake, stone mantle, and mukitake on logs or fungal beds, and it is possible to obtain the same effect as in the case of shiitake mushroom artificial crossbars.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the present invention provides a stand-up terrace cultivation house,
By installing a watering system in the upper part of the house and a ventilation means in the lower part to ventilate the air from below the lowest tier upwards, it is possible to correct the humidity of the logs, which gradually become humid as they move towards the lower tiers.

In addition, since the air convection is caused within the greenhouse by the above-mentioned air blowing, and the temperature inside the greenhouse can be made uniform, the temperature and humidity cultivation conditions of each column can be made uniform. It is possible to eliminate variations in quality, reduce yield, and significantly improve mushroom yield and quality.

In addition, the production of low-quality mushrooms is reduced and the number of high-quality mushrooms is increased, leading to improved yields, and there is also the economic effect of improving heating efficiency through air convection.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 (8) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure Cb) is a plan view, Figure 2 is a perspective view of the cultivation rack, and Figure 3 is a perspective view of the cultivation rack.
The figure is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention equipped with a mobile water sprinkler, and FIGS. 4 and 5 show examples of application of the air blowing means. 1...Cultivation house, 2...Cultivation shelf, 3...
Water pipe, 4... Water nozzle, 5... Air pipe, 6... Air outlet, 7... Air blow valve,
8...Blower, 9...Discharge valve, 10...Artificial crosspiece, 11...Skylight, 12...Side window,
13...Ventilation fan, 14...Entrance/exit, 15.
15. 'l 5"... Shelf support member, 16.16'.
...Shelf frame member, 17.17'...Artificial crossbar support member, 18...Shelf member bolt tightening part, 19...Movement rail, 20...Pit, 21...
・Lid, 22...Gutter. (a) Figure Figure

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) In a cultivation house that performs three-dimensional cultivation such as shelf cultivation, watering equipment is installed in the upper part of the house to uniformly water the mushrooms placed on the shelves, and in the lower part, the watering equipment is installed from the bottom of the lowest shelf upwards. A method for cultivating mushrooms in a three-dimensional shelf cultivation house, characterized in that a blowing means for airflow ventilation is installed, and cultivation is performed by alternately watering with a watering equipment and blowing air with a blowing means, or with a rest period provided in between. (2) In cultivation houses that perform three-dimensional cultivation such as shelf cultivation, watering equipment is installed in the upper part of the house to uniformly water the mushrooms placed on the shelves, and in the lower part of the house from below the lowest shelf. A mushroom cultivation device in a three-dimensional shelf cultivation house characterized by being equipped with a blowing means for upwardly ventilating airflow. (3) A blower pipe is buried under the floor of the house as a means of blowing air,
3. The cultivation device for a mushroom cultivation house according to claim 2, further comprising an air outlet opened from the floor surface of the greenhouse.