JPH0438377B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a mixed feed for dairy cows that is mainly composed of tofu meal and mixed with other feeds to achieve an appropriate nutritional balance, and a method for storing the same. (Conventional technology) The feed given to dairy cows consists of roughage (raw grass, hay, silage, rice straw, etc.), concentrate feed (compound feed, grain, rice bran, oil cake, etc.), and agricultural processing by-products. Certain beer lees, tofu lees, etc. are used in various combinations. Among these feeds, tofu meal is supplied in small amounts as a side dish, but most of it is fed as livestock feed in combination with other feeds. However, this tofu lees contains a lot of water,
It is easily perishable and contains a lot of protein and fat, which can easily cause the dairy cow to lose the nutritional balance. It is difficult to use effectively, as it leads to a decline in reproductive performance, and its use has recently been avoided. In particular, in 1988, trading standards for the fat content of milk were raised, and the price of milk that did not meet the standards was reduced, so tofu meal, which lacks the physical properties necessary for producing milk fat, has become more expensive. It is no longer used. As a result, tofu manufacturers are faced with the problem of how to dispose of tofu lees, and have no choice but to rely on industrial waste disposal companies at great expense.This tofu lees disposal cost puts pressure on their business, and they are forced to reduce their disposal costs. The company is in a situation where it has no choice but to raise the price of its tofu product, and is at a loss because raising the price could lead to a drop in sales. Dairy farmers, on the other hand, are also at a loss as they are unable to use cheaper tofu meal, and feed costs, which account for a large portion of production costs, have increased. As described above, the current situation is that both tofu manufacturers and dairy farmers are having problems. (Problem to be solved by the invention) When using tofu meal as feed for dairy cows, there are no standards for mixing it with other feeds, so each dairy farmer feeds it in combination with other feeds based on their own experience. In many cases, there were problems in that the nutritional balance was disrupted and the quality of the milk deteriorated. In addition, tofu meal is easily perishable, and there are two known storage methods: one is to sprinkle salt on the other, and the other is to mix it with beet pulp and store it in a silo. Although a few people practice this storage method, it does not solve the disadvantages of nutrient imbalance and poor taste, nor does it make it easier to use. There was no storage and storage difficulties were an issue. In addition, there are seasonal fluctuations in the production volume of tofu cake.Due to the high demand for tofu in the summer and winter, the production volume of tofu cake increases, and conversely decreases in the spring and fall, making it difficult to balance demand. do not have. Furthermore, many tofu manufacturers are located around cities, which are large consumption areas, while many dairy farmers are located in rural areas, and because the two are separated by distance, there is a problem that the distribution of tofu meal is not smooth. If the above-mentioned storage difficulties are resolved, even such unbalanced demand and unsmooth distribution will not pose a major obstacle to using tofu meal as feed for dairy cows. This invention solves the various problems of the conventional tofu mentioned above, develops a formulation that has an appropriate nutritional balance, and develops a storage method that allows tofu to be stored for a long period of time. The object of the present invention is to provide a mixed feed for dairy cows mainly consisting of tofu meal and a method for storing the same, which can be profitable. (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is to add Heikyubu etc. to the tofu lees, which is the main raw material that accounts for 50% or more of the total amount, in a weight ratio to the amount of the tofu lees. roughage
This is a mixed feed for dairy cows mainly consisting of tofu lees, which is a mixture of 20 to 50% tofu meal, 5 to 25% concentrated feed such as rice bran, and 3 to 25% alcohol waste liquid. In addition, there is a method for storing a mixed feed for dairy cows mainly consisting of tofu lees, in which the mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu lees is placed in a container or a plastic bag and sealed. (Function) Tofu meal contains a large amount of water, protein, and fat, so it is unsuitable as feed for dairy cows as it is. By mixing roughage with it, the moisture content is adjusted to an appropriate level, and protein and fat are added. This reduces the concentration of water and suppresses the occurrence of mold and rot. In addition, the addition of concentrated feed adjusts the moisture, protein, and fat concentrations of the tofu meal, as well as increases the nutritional value and spoilage resistance, similar to the roughage described above. In addition, alcoholic waste liquid is an inexpensive feed, but it is difficult to handle because it is liquid, and if fed in large quantities, there are problems with lowering the milk fat percentage and palatability, but it can be used as a mixed feed by adsorbing it to tofu meal. By doing so, handling problems can be solved and palatability can be improved. On the other hand, tofu meal is sterilized because it has been treated with high heat of 80℃ or higher, and it is mixed with roughage and concentrate feed as described above to suppress the growth of mold and spoilage bacteria. It is placed in a plastic bag and sealed to prevent air and bacteria from entering from the outside, making it possible to store it for more than four months without applying heat or other treatments. (Example) Examples of the present invention will be described below. Example 1 As shown in Appendix 1, a test feed consisting of tofu meal single feed A and three types of mixed feed BCD, which is a mixture of tofu meal, beet pulp, heikyuub, alcohol waste liquid, and lactic acid bacteria preparation, was prepared. The prepared material was placed in a polyethylene bag, a thermocouple for temperature measurement was inserted 30 cm below the surface layer, the polyethylene bag was fused and sealed using an electric trowel, and the bag was stored indoors. Storage began in late autumn. Attached Table 2 shows the change in internal temperature of the four types of test feeds ABCD compared with the environmental temperature. According to this Attached Table 2, since the storage test was started in autumn, the environmental temperature immediately after the start of storage was low at 12℃ or less, and from the first month onwards, it entered the winter period of 3.5℃ to 4.5℃.
The temperature has dropped to ℃. Under this environmental temperature, the temperature at the start of storage is
It shows that fever is generated at a high value of approximately 25℃ to 30℃, but this fever does not last long and after the 7th day, the temperature is close to the environmental temperature and the temperature is high for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd month.
There were no major changes over the months. Next, the organic acid concentration of the four test feeds ABCD at the 4th month of storage, 6th month of storage, and 8th month of storage was measured by the Freak method, and the PH value was measured by the glass electrode method. The results were as shown in Appendix Table 3. Looking at the results, it was observed that the PH value of tofu meal A tended to decrease after 6 months of storage, but with BCD, another mixed feed, the PH value decreased slightly as the storage period became longer. There was a tendency for the lactic acid concentration to gradually decrease and the acetic acid concentration to increase. In addition, tofu lees A developed mold in the third month of storage, and rot was observed in the fourth month of storage.
With BCD, another mixed feed, no mold or rot was observed even after 6 months had passed as long as it was kept well sealed. Next, we conducted a preference survey and the results are shown in Appendix Table 4.
In this case, A, which is a simple tofu meal, had a small number of times of coloring and a small amount of coloring, whereas BCD, which is another mixed feed, had a large number of times of coloring and a large amount of coloring, especially B. The results revealed that palatability can be improved by mixing beet pulp, hei cubes, alcohol waste liquid, etc. Next, the results of investigating the general components and estimated nutrient values after 4 months of storage are shown in Attached Table 5. From Appendix Table 5, the protein and energy balance, i.e. (TDN/
DCP)-1 as a nutritional ratio, A with only tofu meal has a low value of about 2.2, but it is a low value of about 2.2 with mixed feed.
The BCD nutritional ratios were all high values of 4 or higher, indicating that they were suitable as feed. As described above, it has been found that tofu cake, which has conventionally been difficult to store, can be stored for more than four months from winter to spring by mixing it with beet pulp or the like and sealing it. This is due to the fact that tofu meal is sterilized at a high temperature of 80℃ or higher immediately after tofu production, the excessive moisture content that makes tofu meal unstorable for a long period of time, and the high content of protein and fat in beet pulp. This is thought to be due to the fact that by mixing these ingredients, the moisture content can be adjusted and the concentration of protein and fat can be lowered, resulting in the effect of delaying the occurrence of mold and rot. In addition, we tried adding lactic acid bacteria preparations to extend the storage period and improve palatability, but we were unable to detect any difference in the added lactic acid bacteria preparations or the effect of the addition. This is presumed to be because the environmental temperature was low, making it unsuitable for the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, it is thought that lactic acid bacteria preparations are effective during the summer when the environmental temperature is high and are effective in improving storage stability and palatability. In this way, by mixing tofu meal with beet pulp, heikyuub, etc., the nutritional balance is similar to that of conventional mixed feeds, increasing nutrition, strengthening physical properties, and making it a mixed feed that is cheaper than mixed feeds. It has become possible to use it as an alternative feed to compound feed. In addition, since the above-mentioned tofu lees may contain scrap tofu such as returned goods, a test feed containing mainly scrap tofu with a slightly different mixing ratio than BCD (details omitted) was produced and stored instead of tofu lees. As a result, almost the same results as BCD were obtained. Example 2 A test feed consisting of tofu lees as the main ingredient mixed with heikuyubu, corn cobs, beet pulp, sake brewed rice bran, alcohol waste liquid, and malt roots in the proportions shown in Appendix 6 was prepared twice in March and April, and Same as Example 1
Place it in an FRP container or polyethylene bag and seal it.
After being stored for four months, the package was opened and the storage conditions were examined. As a result, no air was mixed in, and no deterioration in quality, mold, or spoilage was observed. This test mixed feed was fed to 8 dairy cows in the summer after 4 months of storage, when the milk production and milk components of dairy cows tend to decrease, to determine palatability, nutrient intake, milk yield, and fat percentage. We mainly investigated the effect on milk components. The feeding status is shown in Appendix Table 7. With this feeding, the taste of the test feed was good, and all the animals ate a total amount of 10 kg. The estimated nutritional value of this test feed is shown in Appendix Table 8. This estimated nutrient value was close to that of commercially available mixed feed, and was satisfactory. In addition, Table 9 shows the milk yield during the test feed feeding period.
The results of a survey comparing fat percentage and non-fat milk solids percentage before and after feeding are shown. Milk production during the test feed feeding period was slightly lower than before feeding, but this is considered to be a physiological decrease due to the hot environment. In addition, no decrease in fat percentage, non-fat milk solids percentage, or protein in milk was observed due to the feeding of the test feed.
On the contrary, the fat percentage was on the rise and decreased after the supplement was discontinued. This is thought to be due to the physical properties of the roughage such as hay cubes and corn cobs contained in the test feed, which increased the fat percentage of milk. Additionally, no gastrointestinal diseases were observed during the study period. Conventionally, it is known that feeding too much tofu meal or concentrated feed causes digestive disorders such as rumen parakeratosis and displacement of the abomasum. This shows that the presence of corn cobs was effective. In addition, roughage, concentrate feed,
The type and mixing ratio of the alcohol waste liquid can be freely changed without departing from the scope of the claims, taking into consideration the feeding period, storage period, etc. Since this mixed feed is mainly made of tofu meal, which is free or extremely cheap, it can be produced at a significantly lower cost than conventional mixed feeds, even including labor costs and equipment depreciation costs. (Effects of the Invention) According to the mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu lees and the method for storing the same according to the present invention described above, the following effects can be obtained. (1) Palatability is improved compared to tofu lees alone. (2) Long-term storage is possible, and seasonal fluctuations in tofu meal production can be leveled out by storage, making it possible to provide stable feed. (3) The nutritional balance is similar to that of compound feed, so it can be used as a substitute for compound feed. (4) Among milk components, fat percentage can be particularly improved. (5) Since tofu meal is usually free and extremely cheap, it is lower in price than commercially available compound feeds, etc., and can lower milk production costs or make dairy farm management advantageous. (6) Storing in polyethylene bags facilitates storage and is convenient for handling and transportation. (7) Tofu manufacturers benefit from the fact that tofu lees can be processed stably without processing costs.

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[Table] Note: Each shows the average value of 8 animals.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Tofu lees, which is the main raw material that accounts for 50% or more of the total amount, contains 20 to 50% by weight of roughage such as heikyubu and 5 to 50% of concentrated feed such as rice bran, based on the weight ratio of the tofu lees.
A mixed feed for dairy cows mainly consisting of tofu lees, characterized by a mixture of 25% and 3 to 25% of alcohol waste liquid. 2. A method for storing a mixed feed for dairy cows mainly consisting of tofu lees, which is characterized by placing the mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu lees in a container or plastic bag and sealing it.