JPH02234643A - Formula feed composed mainly of bean curd refuse and method for storing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a formula feed for domestic animal having optimized nutrient balance and preservable over a long period by using bean curd refuse as a main raw material, mixing the material with proper amounts of roughage, concentrate and alcoholic fermentation residue and sealing the mixture in a container. CONSTITUTION:The objective formula feed composed mainly of bean curd refuse is produced by using bean curd refuse as a main raw material and mixing the material with 20-60wt.% of roughage (e.g. hay cube), 5-30wt.% of concentrate (e.g. rice bran) and 3-30wt.% of alcoholic fermentation residue based on the weight of the bean curd refuse. The formula feed is preservable for e.g. >=4 months by sealing in a container or a plastic bag.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Application of Industry) This invention relates to a mixed feed for livestock that is mainly composed of tofu meal and mixed with other feeds to achieve an appropriate nutritional balance, and a method for storing the same. It is something.

(Conventional technology) The feed given to dairy cows, beef cattle, etc. includes raw grass, hay, silage, rice straw, etc. called roughage, mixed feed called concentrate feed, grains, rice bran, oil cake, etc., and agricultural feed. Processing byproducts such as beer lees and tofu lees are used in various combinations.

Of these feeds, a small amount of tofu meal was supplied for human consumption as a side dish, but the majority was fed as livestock feed in combination with other feeds.

However, this tofu meal contains a lot of water and is easily spoiled, and because it contains a lot of protein and fat, it tends to disrupt the nutritional intake of livestock, so it should not be mixed with other feed. If not used properly, it can lead to a decrease in the milk fat percentage of milk, a deterioration in the quality of beef, and a decline in reproductive performance, so it is difficult to make full use of it, and its use has recently been avoided. In particular, in 1988, the trading standards for the fat content of milk were raised, and the price of milk that did not meet the standards was reduced, so tofu meal, which lacks the physical properties necessary for producing milk fat, has become more expensive. It is no longer used.

As a result, tofu manufacturers are faced with the problem of disposing of tofu lees, and have no choice but to spend a large amount of money and turn to industrial waste disposal companies. The company is in a situation where it has no choice but to raise the price of its tofu product, and is at a loss as there is a risk that sales will decline if the price is raised.

On the other hand, livestock farmers are also at a loss because they are unable to use the cheaper tofu meal, and their feed costs, which account for a large portion of production costs, have increased.

As described above, the current situation is that both tofu manufacturers and livestock farmers have concerns.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) When tofu meal is used as feed for livestock, there are no standards for mixing it with other feeds, so each livestock farmer feeds it in combination with other feeds based on their own experience. However, in many cases, the problem was that the nutritional balance was disrupted, leading to a decline in the quality of milk and beef.

In addition, tofu meal is easily perishable, and there are two known storage methods: one is to sprinkle salt on the other, and the other is to mix it with beet pulp and store it in a silo. Although a few people practice this storage method, it does not solve the disadvantages of nutrient disparity and poor taste, nor does it make it easier to use. There was no storage and storage difficulties were an issue.

In addition, there are seasonal fluctuations in the production amount of tofu lees, and the demand for tofu is high in summer and winter, so the production amount of tofu lees increases.
On the other hand, it decreases in the spring and autumn, making it difficult to maintain a balance between supply and demand. Furthermore, many tofu manufacturers are located around cities, which are large consumption areas, while many livestock farmers are located in rural areas, and because the two are separated by distance, there is a problem that the distribution of tofu meal is not smooth. If the above-mentioned storage difficulties are resolved, even such imbalances in supply and demand and unsmooth distribution will not pose a major obstacle to using tofu meal as livestock feed.

This invention solves the various conventional problems mentioned above, and
In addition to formulating the ingredients to achieve an appropriate nutritional balance, we developed a long-term storage method and collaborated with bean* manufacturers.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu meal and a method for storing the same, which can benefit both livestock farmers.

(Means for Solving the Problems) This invention to achieve the above object includes adding roughage such as hay cubes to the tofu lees as the main raw material in a weight ratio of 20 to 60% relative to the amount of the tofu lees; Concentrated feed such as rice bran 5-30%
It is a mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu lees, containing 3 to 30% of alcohol waste liquid.

In addition, there is a method for storing a mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu lees, in which the mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu lees is placed in a container or a plastic bag and sealed.

(Function) Tofu meal contains a large amount of water, protein, and fat, so it is unsuitable as feed for livestock as it is. By mixing roughage with it, the moisture content is optimized and protein and fat are added. This reduces the concentration of water and suppresses the occurrence of mold and rot.

In addition, the addition of concentrated feed adjusts the moisture, protein and fat concentrations of tofu meal, as well as increases the nutritional value and spoilage resistance, similar to the roughage described in Section 2.

In addition, by mixing alcohol waste liquid, the palatability increases, making it a favorite to eat.

On the other hand, tofu meal is sterilized because it has been treated with high heat of 80°C or higher, and it is also mixed with roughage and concentrate feed to suppress the growth of mold and spoilage bacteria. The product was placed in a plastic bag and sealed to prevent air and germs from entering from the outside, making it possible to store it for 4 months or more (Example) Examples of the present invention will be described below.

Example 1 As shown in Appendix 1, three kinds of mixed feed B. were prepared by mixing tofu meal alone feed A, tofu meal, beet bulp, hay cube, alcohol waste liquid, and lactic acid bacteria preparation. A test feed consisting of C and D was prepared and placed in a polyethylene bag, a thermocouple for temperature measurement was inserted 30 cm below the surface layer, the polyethylene bag was fused and sealed using an electric iron, and the bag was stored indoors. Storage began in late autumn.

The above test feed A. B. C. Attached Table 2 shows the change in internal temperature of Type D4 in comparison with the environmental temperature. According to Appendix 2, since the storage test was started in the fall, the environmental temperature immediately after the start of storage was low at 12°C or less, and from the first month onwards, it was 3.5°C to 4.5°C in the winter. It is declining. Under this environmental temperature, the temperature at the start of storage is approximately 25°C to 3.
The high value of 0"C indicates that the fever is being generated, but this fever does not last long and after the 7th day, the temperature remains close to the environmental temperature for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months. There were no major changes over time.

Next, test feeds A, B, and C. D's 4
The organic acid concentration was measured by the Freak method and the pH value was measured by the glass electrode method during the 4th month of storage, the 6th month of storage, and the 8th month of storage, and the results are shown in Appendix 3. Looking at the results, it was observed that the pH value of tofu meal A tended to decrease after 6 months of storage, but for other mixed feeds B and
In C and D, as the storage period became longer, the pll value only slightly decreased, the lactic acid concentration gradually decreased, and the acetic acid concentration tended to increase. In addition, tofu meal A alone developed mold in the third month of storage, and rot was observed in the fourth month of storage, but other mixed feed B. In cases C and D, no mold or rot was observed even after 6 months had passed as long as the sealing conditions were good.

Next, we conducted a preference survey and the results are shown in Table 4.

In this case, tofu meal A alone had a small number of feedings and the amount eaten, while other mixed feeds B, C, and D had a large number of feedings and a large amount of feeding, especially B. The results revealed that palatability can be improved by mixing beet pulp, hay cubes, alcohol waste liquid, etc.

Next, the results of investigating the general components and estimated nutrient values after 4 months of storage are shown in Attached Table 5. From Appendix 5, the protein and energy ratio (TDN/DCP)-1 is shown as a nutritional ratio.A with only tofu meal has a low value of about 2.2, but mixed feeds B and C have a low value of about 2.2. , D had a high value of 4 or more in all cases, indicating that it is suitable as feed.

As mentioned above, tofu meal, which was difficult to store in the past, can be stored for more than four months from winter to spring by mixing it with B1-pulp and sealing it. Understood. This is due to the fact that tofu cake is sterilized at a high temperature of 80°C or more immediately after tofu production, as well as the excessive moisture and high protein and fat content that make tofu cake unstorable for long periods of time. This is thought to be due to the fact that the mixture of ingredients such as , B, Parv, etc. controls the moisture content and lowers the concentration of protein and fat, thereby delaying the occurrence of mold and rot.

In addition, with the aim of extending the storage period and improving palatability,
Although we tried adding lactic acid bacteria preparations, we were unable to detect any difference in the added lactic acid bacteria preparations or the effect of the addition. This is presumed to be because the environmental temperature was low, making it unsuitable for the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria preparations are considered to be effective in improving storage stability and palatability during the summer when the environmental temperature is high.

In this way, by mixing Be-1 pulp, Hay cube, etc. with tofu meal, the nutritional content is similar to that of conventional compound feeds, increasing nutritional value, strengthening physical properties, and making it more effective than compound feeds. It can be used as an inexpensive mixed feed, and can be used as an alternative to compound feed.

In addition, since the above-mentioned tofu lees may contain waste tofu such as returned goods, B. C,
A test feed with a slightly different mixing ratio (details omitted) than D was manufactured, stored and fed, and the results showed that B.
C. Almost the same results as D were obtained.

Example 2 A test feed line in which the main tofu lees was mixed with hay cubes, I corn cob, beet pulp, sake rice bran, alcohol waste liquid, and malt roots in the proportions shown in Appendix 6 was applied twice in March and April. The product was prepared, sealed in an FRP container or polyethylene bag as in Example 1, and stored for 4 months, then opened and inspected for storage conditions. As a result, no air was mixed in and there was no deterioration in quality or occurrence of mold or rot. was not recognized.

This test mixed feed was fed to 8 dairy cows in the summer after 4 months of storage, when the milk production and milk components of dairy cows tend to decrease, to determine palatability, nutrient intake, milk yield, and fat percentage. We mainly investigated the effect on milk components.

The feeding status is shown in Appendix 7. With this feeding, the taste of the test feed was good, and all the animals ate the entire amount of 10 kg.

The estimated nutritional value of this test feed is shown in Appendix Table 8. This estimated nutrient value was close to that of commercially available mixed feed and was satisfactory.

In addition, Table 9 shows milk yield, fat percentage, and fat content during the test feed feeding period.
The results of a survey comparing the non-fat milk solids percentage before and after feeding are shown. The milk yield during the test feed feeding period was slightly lower than before feeding, but this is considered to be a physiological decrease due to the hot environment. Furthermore, no decrease in the fat percentage, non-fat milk solids percentage, or protein in milk was observed due to the feeding of the test feed; on the contrary, the fat percentage tended to increase, but decreased after the feeding was discontinued. This is thought to be due to the physical properties of the roughage such as hay cubes and corn cobs included in the test feed, which increased the fat percentage of milk.

Additionally, no gastrointestinal diseases were observed during the study period. Conventionally, feeding too much tofu meal or concentrate feed is known to cause digestive disorders such as rumen balakeratosis and displacement of the abomasum. This shows that the presence of corn cobs was effective.

The above shows two examples for dairy cows, but it is also applicable to beef cows and other livestock in addition to dairy cows, and the type and mixing ratio of roughage, concentrate feed, and alcohol waste to the amount of tofu meal. can be freely changed without departing from the scope of the claims, taking into consideration the type and nature of the target livestock, feeding period, storage period, etc. Since this mixed feed mainly consists of free or cheap tofu meal, it is possible to obtain a mixed feed that is significantly cheaper than conventional mixed feeds, even including labor costs, installation costs, and disposal costs. be.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu lees and the storage method thereof according to the present invention described above, the following effects can be obtained.

(】) Improved palatability compared to tofu lees alone.

(2) Long-term storage is possible, and seasonal fluctuations in tofu meal production can be leveled out by storage, making stable feed feeding possible.

(3) Since the nutritional balance is similar to that of compound feed, it can be substituted for compound feed.

[4) In dairy cows, it is possible to particularly improve the fat percentage among milk components.

(5) Since tofu meal is usually free and extremely cheap, it is lower in price than commercially available mixed feeds, etc., and can lower the production costs of livestock products or make livestock management more advantageous.

(6) Storing in a polyethylene bag facilitates storage and is convenient for handling and transportation.

(7) Tofu manufacturers benefit from the fact that tofu lees can be stably processed without processing costs.

Patent applicant: Hiroshima Prefecture

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Tofu lees, which is the main raw material, is mixed with 20-60% roughage such as hay cubes, 5-30% concentrated feed such as rice bran, and 3-30% alcohol waste liquid based on the weight of the tofu lees. A mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu lees, which is characterized by being mixed with. (2) A method for storing a mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu lees, which comprises placing the mixed feed mainly consisting of tofu lees in a container or plastic bag and sealing it.