JPH04347298A - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To construct a tunnel regardless of the quality of the natural ground and the cross-sectional form of excavation. CONSTITUTION:Outer shell legs 3 are provided to a cylindrical outer shell 2 in such a way as to enable the shell 2 to move vertically, and an excavator 6 movable through a slide shoe mechanism 7 is set in the shell 2. A canopy jack 12 is attached to the excavator 6 in such a way as to support the shell 2. A tunnel 25 can thus be constructed by advancing the excavator 6 integrated with the shell 2.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation device suitable for application to small-section tunnels for waterways, conduits, etc. constructed in mountainous areas.

0002

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, some shield devices for excavating tunnels, such as closed type shield devices, have an excavator installed inside the shield so as to be integral with the shield. In such a device, a tunnel is constructed by moving the entire shield forward while an excavator excavates, and by sequentially erecting segments behind the shield. In the case of such an excavator shield-integrated device, the excavator itself cannot move forward independently. In addition, there were some models in which the shield and excavator were separated, and the excavator itself had a self-propelling means, but in the case of such a separate excavator shield type device, it is natural that the shield is propelled. A separate propulsion device was required.

0003

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Therefore, in the case of the excavator shield-integrated device, the excavator always moves forward together with the shield, resulting in poor maneuverability. The cross section to be excavated is limited by the shield, which is unsuitable for excavating rocky terrain such as mountain tunnels. In addition, in the case of the excavator shield separation type device, construction is limited because the shield propulsion device must be installed behind or inside the shield, and especially when constructing a small-section tunnel, the propulsion device must be installed behind or inside the shield. The equipment was interfering with construction. In view of the above circumstances, the present invention eliminates the need to provide a shield propulsion device to the shield, and allows the excavator to run on its own and perform excavation with high maneuverability, so that it is not limited to the properties of the ground or the cross-sectional shape of the excavation. To provide a tunnel excavation device that can construct a tunnel without any problems.

0004

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has an outer shell (2) formed in a trunk shape along the cross-sectional shape of an excavation, and supporting legs (3) are attached to the outer shell (2). The outer shell (2) is provided so as to be able to be supported in a vertically movable manner, and an excavator (6) is installed inside the outer shell (2) via a self-propelled means (7) provided on the excavator (6). The support means (12) for the outer shell (2) is mounted on the excavator (6) so as to be movable in the excavation direction, and is movable up and down in a manner capable of mounting and supporting the outer shell (2). provided and configured. Note that the numbers in parentheses are for convenience and indicate corresponding elements in the drawings, and therefore, this description is not limited to the descriptions on the drawings. below

The same applies to the [Effect] column.

[0005]

[Operation] With the above-described configuration, the present invention provides an excavator (6)
With the outer shell (2) mounted and supported, the excavator acts to move and dig through the self-propelled means (7).

[0006]

[Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of the tunnel digging device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cutaway side view of the tunnel digging device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a side view showing an embodiment of the tunnel digging device shown in FIG. FIG.

[0007] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the tunnel excavation device 1 has an outer shell 2 formed in a trunk shape, and the outer shell 2 is close to each other in the excavation direction, that is, in the direction of arrows A and B. It is composed of a front trunk 2A and a rear trunk 2B that are retractably connected. That is, the relay barrel 2C is located at the tip of the rear barrel 2B, and the front barrel 2C is located at the tip of the rear barrel 2B.
The front shell 2A and the relay shell 2C are connected by a plurality of outer shell jacks 2D provided along the inner periphery of each other. By pushing out and driving the outer shell jack 2D, the front shell 2A and the rear shell 2B are brought into a state where they can be separated from each other in the directions of arrows A and B by the pitch L3 of the outer shell jack 2D. ing. In addition, the front body 2A and the rear body 2B
Below, an invert 25b, which has already been excavated using the tunnel excavation device 1, is formed in the form of exposed rock by cutting open the ground 20, and the invert 25b extends from the face 20a to the rear of the tunnel. That is, arrow A
It is continuously formed extending in the direction of arrow B from the direction shown in FIG. The front body 2A has a bottomless shape that opens toward the invert 25b, and the rear body 2B has a shape shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG.
It is formed in such a way that it is shielded between the Outer shell legs 3 are located on the left and right inner surfaces of the front body 2A and the rear body 2B, as indicated by arrows A and B.
A plurality of shell legs 3 are lined up in the direction and protrude downward from the lower end portions of the front body 2A and the rear body 2B, and are movable up and down. Therefore, the outer shell legs 3 provided on the rear body 2B penetrate the bottom 2B1. ing. And each outer shell leg 3 is inverted 2
5b, and a hydraulic jack 31 is provided on each outer shell leg 3 to support the front shell 2A and the rear shell 2B so as to be movable up and down, that is, in the directions of arrows C and D.

[0008] At the front end portion of the front shell 2A, a leading sheet pile 5 for temporarily supporting the arch portion of the face 20a is provided.
The excavator 6 is installed on the invert 25b inside the front fuselage 2A. . The excavator 6 has a fuselage 6a, and the excavator 6 has a fuselage 6a.
At the rear of the is a hydraulic unit 6 for operating and driving the excavator 6.
1. A control panel 62, etc. is built-in. The fuselage 6a is also provided with a known slide shoe mechanism 7 for propelling the fuselage 6a.
The excavator 6 is driven by sequentially and intermittently pushing and pulling a pair of ski-like slide shoes 7A and 7B that can support the machine body 6a in the direction of arrow A via a slide jack 7C, a toggle jack 13, etc. It is configured to be self-propelled in a walking style. A cutter head 9 is provided at the front end of the machine body 6a in such a manner that it can be driven to swing freely in the directions of arrows C, D, E, and F, and can be driven forward and backward in the directions of arrows A and B, and can be driven to turn. At the tip of 9, there is a ground 2
A cutting blade 9a capable of crushing and excavating rock of grade 0 is provided in a truncated conical shape and fixed to a cutter head shaft portion 9b. A screw blade 9c is provided on the outer periphery of the cutter head shaft portion 9b in such a manner that it conveys the shear, that is, the rock of the face 20a crushed by the cutting blade 9a, to the rear in the direction of arrow B. A gathering ring 10 for collection by sliding is provided at the rear so as to be attached to the base of the cutter head shaft portion 9b. The shear collected in the gathering ring 10 is further conveyed to the rear via a conveyor 11 provided on the side of the machine body 6a, and is carried out to the outside of the tunnel 25 by a suitable shear conveying means. By the way, there is an arrow A on the top of the aircraft 6a.
, two canopy jacks 12, 12 lined up in the B direction are installed with the cylinder 12a part standing in tandem,
At the top of each canopy jack 12, a canopy 12b formed in a semicircular shape along the inner peripheral surface of the canopy part of the front body 2A moves in the vertical direction, which is the direction of arrows C and D, via a cylinder 12a. It is provided in such a way that it can be driven freely. In addition, a pair of side jacks 15, 15 are installed on both sides of the fuselage 6a in the directions of arrows E and F in order to support the fuselage 6a on the inner surface of the front fuselage 2A. Trunk 2A means canopy jacks 12, 12
and side jacks 15, 15, so that they can be joined and separated in the inner circumferential direction of the tunnel.

On the other hand, on the inside of the side wall of the rear shell 2B, there is an erector 17 for erecting the lining so as to connect the segments 16 to the rear of the rear shell 2B, that is, in the direction of arrow B, as shown in FIG.
A support portion 17a is provided in a fixed manner at the upper middle portion. A boom 19 for holding and reversing the segment 16 is provided on the erector 17 so that it can swing freely in the directions of arrows G and H via a boom jack 191, and can move forward and backward in the directions of arrows A and B. . Now, at the rear of the rear fuselage 2B, a plurality of oval annular segments 16 lined by the erector 17 are connected in a manner that they are lined up without gaps in the directions of arrows A and B, and adjacent segments 16, 1
Water stop plates, fastening bolts, etc. are appropriately arranged between the segments 6 to closely integrate the plurality of connected segments 16 into one structure. The cutting edge part in the excavation direction of the segment 16 that has already been erected and integrated into the structure by the erector 17, that is, the segment 16 disposed on the leftmost side in the figure, is placed inside the rear shell 2B at the rear, that is, in the figure. It is arranged in such a way that it enters from the right side, and the lower end portion in the direction of arrow A of the built-in segment 16 placed at the most extreme part is aligned with the built-in segment 16 and the newly built segment 16. Segment support means 29 for bringing out and joining is provided in a manner fixed to the bottom portion 2B1. segment 1
A backfill layer 21 is formed on the outside in the circumferential direction of the ground 20 to have a horseshoe-shaped cross section so that a gap is created between the segment 16 and the segment 16, which has an oblong cross section. The filling layer 21 is filled with mortar 22 and the like via a grout pump 23 and the like. Therefore, assuming that the lining has been completed by the mortar 22 hardening, the rear shell 2
A lined tunnel 25 has already been constructed behind B. Moreover, between the tunnel 25 that has been lined and the face 20a, over-digging is inevitably formed in the ground 20 excavated by the excavator 6, and between the outer shell 2 and the ground 20. Temporary voids 21' are created, and the temporary voids 21' are filled with a primary backing material 26 such as sand or expanded polystyrene beads.

Since the tunnel excavation device 1 has the above-described configuration, when excavating the rocky ground 20 using the tunnel excavation device 1, the cutting blade 9a is brought into contact with the face 20a. Crush the rock by driving machine 6,
The excavation is continued in the direction of arrow A so that the cross-sectional shape of the excavation is horseshoe-shaped. When driving the excavator 6, first, the first sheet pile 5 is
is made to protrude in the direction of arrow A to support the rock at the face 20a so that it cannot collapse. Then, the outer shell 2 is pushed up in the direction of arrow C through the outer shell legs 3 by driving the hydraulic jack 31 under pressure to obtain a reaction force on the invert 25b. Then, the outer shell 2 is pressed against the arch 25a portion through the primary backing material 26, and is supported by the earth 20. At the same time, the unlined portion of the ground 20 between the already lined tunnel 25 and the face 20a is prevented from falling by the primary backfilling material 26, so that the stability of the ground 20 is ensured. . In this way, the outer shell 2 is
When the canopy jack 12 is supported at 0, the canopy jack 12 is pressurized to push the ram 12c upward, that is, in the direction of arrow C, thereby pressing the canopy 12b against the canopy of the front fuselage 2A. By applying pressure and pushing out the rams 15c, 15c laterally, that is, in the directions of arrows E and F, the fuselage 6a is integrally supported by the front fuselage 2A. Then, the fuselage 6a is supported by the surface pressure of the entire circumferential surface of the front fuselage 2A, so the fuselage 6a
a is firmly fixed and supported so as to sufficiently resist the excavation resistance and vibrations generated in the cutter head 9 and cannot move within the front barrel 2A. In this way, when the machine body 6a is firmly supported by the front body 2A, the cutter head 9 is rotated while swinging in the directions of arrows C, D, E, and F, thereby cutting the cutting blade 9a.
The cutting blade 9a is advanced in the direction of arrow A by an excavation stroke L1 of the excavator 6, cutting through the ground 20 through the excavator 6. Then, the face 20a moves along the arrow A by the excavation stroke L1.
The excavation of the tunnel 25 progresses in a forward direction. Further, at the same time or prior to excavating the face 20a, the temporary gap 21' is filled with the primary backfilling material 26 by injecting it with appropriate pressure from the arch 25a portion via the pressure pipe 27. Then, since the primary backfilling material 26 is made of sand, expanded polystyrene beads, etc., it allows the deformation of the ground 20 to a certain extent and prevents the skin from falling off from the over-excavated area.
It serves to uniformly disperse and support the stress acting outward from the outer shell 2 along the outer peripheral surface of the outer shell 2 to the ground 20 via the primary backing material 26. Also, Jiyama 20
If the ground is poor, such as spring water, extrudability, or crushable rock, the ground 20 tends to collapse in such a way that it is pushed out from the arch 25a portion toward the inside of the excavation section. Therefore, when the outer shell leg 3 is made to extend its legs by applying additional pressure to the hydraulic jack 31, the outer shell 2 is further pushed up toward the arch 25a, and the outer shell 2 and the ground By being sandwiched and pressed between the primary backing material 26 and the primary backing material 20, the primary backing material 26 is additionally compressed and its rigidity increases. Then, the primary backfill material 26 is integrated with the outer shell 2, and the
An additional resistance to zero extrusion can thus be exerted, thus preventing the excavated section from being crushed inward.

When the cutter head 9 advances in the direction of arrow A by the excavation stroke L1 of the excavator 6, and the face 20a advances by L1 in the excavation direction, the slide shoe mechanism 7 Move machine 6 forward. At this time, first, the pressure of the hydraulic jack 31 is released to retract the outer shell leg 3. Then outer shell leg 3 is inverted 2
5b, and the front fuselage 2A is mounted on the canopies 12b, 12b, and the fuselage 6a
It is supported by. Here, canopy 12
b, 12b are formed in a semi-cylindrical shape along the inner shape of the canopy part of the front fuselage 2A, so the weight of the front fuselage 2A can be applied evenly to the fuselage 6a, and therefore the front fuselage 12A can be tilted. It can be supported by the fuselage 6a in a stable state without causing any damage. In this way, when the side jacks 15, 15 are released from pressure, and the canopy jacks 12, 12 are released from pressure, the front shell 2A along with the canopies 12b, 12b is moved by the weight of the front shell 2A, causing the canopy part to become attached to the primary backing material 26. It separates from the body and descends downward, that is, in the direction of arrow D. When the front fuselage 2A is mounted and supported on the fuselage 6a in this manner, the slide shoe mechanism 7 is appropriately driven to move the fuselage 6a forward in the direction of arrow A by the movement stroke L2. Then, since the slide shoes 7A and 7B are formed in the shape of skis, and the ground 20 is rocky, the fuselage 6a with the front fuselage 2A mounted and supported is inverted 25.
By finding the reaction force in b, it is possible to easily move forward in the digging direction together with the front body 2A. Further, the primary backing material 26 filled in the temporary void 21' is a non-permanent supporting material such as sand or expanded polystyrene beads, and the primary backing material 26 in the arch 25a has already been filled with the lowering of the canopies 12b, 12b. Since it is separated from the canopy portion of the front body 2A, the front body 2A can easily slide through the temporary space 21' without interfering with the forward movement of the excavator 6a. thus,
After the front shell 2A is supported by the excavator 6a and is moved forward by the movement stroke L2, when excavating the face 20a again, first pressurize the hydraulic jack 31 to push the outer shell leg 3 downward. , the outer shell 2 is pushed upward and pressed against the ground 20, and the excavator 6a is pushed up against the canopy 12b.
The contact state between the front shell 2 and the outer shell 2 is released, and the excavator 6a
It is temporarily separated from A. After doing so, reinstall the canopy jacks 12, 12 and side jacks 15.
, 15, the excavator 6a is moved to the front body 2 by pressurizing the excavator 6a.
By keeping the cutter head 9 supported by A and restarting driving of the cutter head 9, the face 20a is excavated. On the other hand, when the front fuselage 2A and the fuselage 6a move forward, the rear fuselage 2B does not move forward and is left behind, and the relay fuselage 2C moves forward with the front fuselage 2C.
It slips out from the rear end of A and is in a state of retreating from the front body 2A. Therefore, when the face 2a moves forward and the ground 20 in the newly cut portion becomes appropriately stabilized, the outer shell leg 3 of the rear shell 2B is retracted, and the rear shell 2B and the primary backing material 26 are In this state, by driving the outer shell jack 2D, the outer shell jack 2D is moved in the direction of the arrow A in a manner that it is drawn toward the trunk 2A by three minutes of the driving stroke L of the outer shell jack 2D. At this time, the excavation stroke L1 of the excavator 6 and the drive stroke L3 of the outer shell jack 2D do not need to match; rather, the drive stroke L3 is set to an integral multiple of the excavation stroke L1, such as twice. As a result, the newly opened part of the ground 20
It is wiser to wait for the rear trunk 2B to move forward until the stress relocation has progressed to some extent. Therefore, the forward movement timing of the rear cylinder 2B is such that the forward movement cycle of the rear cylinder 2B includes the above-mentioned excavation of the face 20a by the cutter head 9 and the front cylinder 2 that follows the excavation.
A and the advance cycle of the excavator 6a,
Make appropriate settings in advance.

By the way, when the rear shell 2B was advanced in the excavation direction by the driving stroke L3 of the outer shell jack 2D, it was located at the leading edge of the segment 16 where the lining had been erected, that is, at the end in the direction of arrow A. A gap is created between the segment 16 and the rear part of the rear body 2B, that is, the end portion in the direction of arrow B, by an amount corresponding to the forward movement L3 of the rear body 2B. Therefore, an elongated annular segment 16 is inserted so as to stand up as the rear trunk 2B moves forward.
It is carried from the outside of the tunnel 25 in a horizontally oblong state onto a segment transport vehicle, and is brought into the rear trunk 2B as shown in FIG. 3. Then, by placing the segment 16 in the horizontally oblong state on the side of the erector 17 and driving the boom jack 191, the segment 16 is supported by the boom 19 as shown in FIG. Raise it vertically and flip it 90 degrees to create segment 1.
The axis CT of No. 6 is aligned with the directions of arrows A and B, which are the construction directions of the tunnel. Next, by pushing out the boom 19 in the direction of arrow B, the vertically raised segment 16 is fastened to the segment 16 that has already been set in the rear part of the rear fuselage 2B, that is, near the end in the direction of arrow B. Arrange them so that they are connected via bolts, etc. At this time, segment 16
is already formed into an elongated annular shape, so there is no need to assemble segment pieces divided in the tunnel circumferential direction into an annular shape, and simply combine the newly installed segment 16 and the already installed segment 16 into segments. The joining operation can be easily performed by simply aligning the end faces of the segments 16, 16 by aligning them via the support means 29.

[0013] In this way, the outer shell 2 is moved in the direction of excavation, that is, arrow A.
As the segments 16 are successively built-in while moving forward in the direction, a new backing layer 21 due to the gap created between the outer shell 2 and the segments 16 is sequentially extended in the direction of arrow A. Therefore, in the backfill layer 21, the excavation stroke L1 and the drive stroke L3 of the outer shell jack 2D are
The lining of the tunnel 25 is constructed by performing secondary backfilling by filling mortar 22 via a grout pump 23 or the like at a pitch suitable for the tunnel. Here, the mortar 22 is a backing material and is a member for fixing and supporting the segments 16, which are secondary lining members, on the ground 20, so as the mortar 22 hardens, the secondary lining of the tunnel 25 is construction is completed.

In this way, the face 20 is cut by the cutter head 9.
While excavating and moving forward the front shell 2A and the rear shell 2B, at the same time, the injection and filling work of the primary backfilling material 26 and mortar 22 and the erection work of the segments 16 are sequentially repeated as appropriate in the process. This makes it possible to complete the excavation work and construction of the lining within the outer shell 2 at the same time without the need to separately incorporate steel shoring or formwork for secondary rolling concrete into the tunnel 25. Therefore, tunnel 2
Not only is the construction time required to construct the tunnel 5 shorter, but the excavation work is carried out under conditions where the stability of the ground 20 at the face 20a is always ensured by the outer shell 2, and the excavation work and At the same time, by performing the primary backfilling work quickly, the internal stress of the ground 20 to be cut out is less likely to be disturbed. For this reason, tunnel 2 constructed as described above
5. Safety during construction is ensured, and even after construction,
It becomes possible to exhibit a stable structural state.

[0015]

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the present invention,
It has an outer shell 2 formed in a trunk shape along the cross-sectional shape of the excavation, and support legs such as outer shell legs 3 are provided on the outer shell 2 so as to support the outer shell 2 so as to be able to move up and down. , the outer shell 2
An excavator 6 is provided inside the excavator 6 so as to be movable in the excavation direction via self-propelled means such as a slide shoe mechanism 7 provided on the excavator 6, and the excavator 6 is provided with a canopy jack of the outer shell 2. Since the supporting means such as 12 is provided in a manner capable of mounting and supporting the outer shell 2 and is movable up and down, the excavator 6 can move via the self-propelled means with the outer shell 2 mounted and supported. You can continue digging while doing so. Therefore, since the outer shell 2 can be propelled integrally with the excavator 6 by the support means, there is no need to separately provide a propulsion device for moving the outer shell 2 in the excavation direction. Incidentally, the outer shell 2 is formed into a trunk shape along the cross-sectional shape of the excavation, thereby fulfilling a shielding function. Furthermore, since the excavator 6 can move with great maneuverability without being limited to the cross-sectional shape of the outer shell 2, free cross-section excavation is possible. In some cases, it can be easily excavated. Further, if necessary, while the outer shell 2 is supported by the support legs, the engagement between the support means of the excavator 6 and the outer shell 2 is released, and only the excavator 6 is supported by the self-propelled means. Since the excavator 6 can move forward and backward, using this, the excavator 6 itself can perform advanced excavation by protruding from the lead sheet pile 5, and can also be used to carry out advanced excavation by protruding from the lead sheet pile 5. It is also possible to replace other excavators. Therefore,
If the tunnel excavation device 1 according to the present invention is used, the excavator 6
By selecting an appropriate model, it is possible to excavate a wide variety of geological features, and since a propulsion device is not required in the outer shell 2, the work tunnel space inside and rear of the outer shell 2 can be saved. It can be used effectively, and therefore, even if the tunnel to be constructed has a small cross section, it can be constructed efficiently. Furthermore, since the tunnel excavation device 1 excavates while being temporarily supported by the outer shell 2, safety during construction is ensured, and
The internal stress of 0 itself is preserved without being destroyed, and therefore, the tunnel 25 constructed in this way is
It is structurally stable and can be used for a long period of time as a fluid transport path such as a waterway or pipe.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a tunnel excavation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cutaway side view of the tunnel excavation device shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cutaway top view of the tunnel excavation device shown in FIG. 1.

[Explanation of symbols]

1...Tunnel excavation device 2...Outer shell 3...Outer shell leg (support leg) 6... Excavator

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An outer shell formed in a trunk shape along the cross-sectional shape of an excavation, support legs provided on the outer shell so as to be able to support the outer shell so as to be able to move up and down, and the outer shell An excavator is provided inside the excavator so as to be movable in the excavation direction via a self-propelled means provided on the excavator, and a support means for the outer shell is mounted and supported on the excavator. A tunnel excavation device constructed in such a way that it can be raised and lowered freely.