JPH04322776A - Waste classifier - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To classify a mixed waste into three kinds by gravity by using a rotary inclined cylinder provided with a spiral blade on its inner periphery and an opening for dropping an intermediate-weight material in the middle of its peripheral wall and an air suction means for an air current at the upper part in the cylinder. CONSTITUTION:A cylinder 10 is inclined, pivoted and provided with plural openings 11a for dropping an intermediate-weight material in its peripheral wall 11, and a spiral blade 13 is furnished on its inner surface of the peripheral wall of the cylinder 10 to convey the waste from the lower part to upper part of the inclined cylinder in its rotating direction and airtightly and rotatably set at the lower end of the cylinder 10. A lower cover 20 having a hopper for discharging a heavy material, an air suction port and a waste inlet 25, an upper cover 30 having a waste charging means inserted from the inlet 25, a hopper for discharging the lightweight material airtightly and rotatably provided at the upper end of the cylinder and an air discharge port, an air suction means 40 communicated with the air discharge port 33 and a means 60 to rotate the cylinder are provided to constitute the waste classifier.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention is used to separate items mixed with various types of waste, from general household garbage to construction debris from construction sites, into heavy items, medium-weight items, and lightweight items. Related to waste sorting equipment.

0002

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, general household waste has been incinerated in incinerators of each local government, and construction waste materials have often been crushed into specified sizes and then landfilled. However, depending on the time and place, garbage and waste may be mixed together and cannot be clearly distinguished, and various items may be mixed in during the collection process.

0003

[Problem to be solved by the invention] If you try to incinerate everything indiscriminately, the incinerator will be severely damaged and it will take a lot of time and money to repair it.
Not only is it labor-intensive, but it also reduces the operating rate, making it impossible to handle the increasing volume of waste, and shortens the lifespan of the incinerator. On the other hand, landfill sites are also limited, and extending their lifespan is an important issue, and resource recovery is also an important issue that is inextricably linked to waste treatment.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention can collect various kinds of garbage and waste, from heavy objects such as metal pieces and rocks to light objects such as paper, sheets, and plate-like objects.
By classifying mixed waste into three types based on specific gravity: heavy, medium-weight, and light, it is possible to reduce the load on facilities such as incinerators and landfills, and even recover resources. The purpose is to provide a waste sorting machine that achieves rationalization of waste treatment.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a waste sorting machine which is rotatably supported in an inclined state and has a plurality of openings in the peripheral wall for dropping intermediate heavy objects. a cylindrical body; a spiral blade attached to the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the cylindrical body so as to guide the movement of waste from the inclined lower part to the upper part in accordance with the rotational direction; and a lower end of the cylindrical body; a lower cover provided in an airtight manner to allow rotation thereof and having a heavy object removal hopper, an air intake port, and a waste inlet; a waste inlet means inserted from the waste inlet; , an upper cover provided at the upper end of the cylindrical body in an airtight manner and allowing rotation thereof, and having a light object take-out hopper and an air outlet; and an air suction means communicated with the air outlet; and a means for rotationally driving the cylindrical body.

[0006]

[Example] In FIGS. 1 to 3 showing an embodiment of the present invention, 1 is a waste sorter according to the embodiment, and large chunks of waste are coarsened to some extent by a crusher in the previous step. A mixture of various wastes in a crushed state is continuously supplied into the interior by a belt conveyor 3.

The present sorting machine 1 includes a cylindrical body 10 rotatably supported by a support means 5 at an angle of 3 to 20 degrees, and having a plurality of openings 11a in a peripheral wall 11 for dropping intermediate heavy objects B; A direction of rotation (indicated by symbol R) is provided on the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the cylindrical body 10.
A spiral blade 13 is attached to guide the movement of the waste W thrown in from the lower part of the slope to the upper part.
The hopper 2 is installed at the lower end of the cylindrical body 10 in an airtight state and in a stationary state by the sealing means 7.
1, a lower cover 20 having an air inlet 23 and a waste inlet 25; a light object take-out hopper 31 which is stationary and airtightly provided at the upper end of the cylindrical body 10 by another sealing means 7; It is composed of an upper cover 30 having an air outlet 33, a suction blower 40 as an air suction means communicated with the air outlet 33, a stirring means 50, and a rotation driving means 60 for the cylindrical body 10.

The support means 5 consists of two pairs of front and rear side rollers 5a, 5a and thrust rollers 5b, 5b, and two pairs of front and rear rings (tires) 12 fixed to the outer surface of the peripheral wall of the cylindrical body 10. , 12, respectively, to stably and rotatably support the cylindrical body 10.

As mentioned above, the cylindrical body 10 has a spiral blade 13 on the inner surface of the circumferential wall and two sets of rings 12, 1 on the outer surface of the circumferential wall.
2, lifter blades 14, 14, etc., which are inclined with respect to the axis, are fixed to the inner surface of the peripheral wall so as to cross the spiral blade 13 at every 180° pitch. The upward feed is controlled. That is, the feed by the helical blade 13 is obtained by applying thrust to the waste material that moves up toward the top dead center and slides down the inner surface, and varies depending on the rotation speed, but the feed by the lifter blades 14, 14, etc. Since they partially overlap each other in the longitudinal direction, the feed is applied so as to climb stairs according to the amount of overlap, and the stirring is repeated on the same lifter blade 14 for the rest. At this time, the lightweight object C is carried toward the upper end by the air flow described later.

The cylindrical body 10 has a plurality of heavy object fall guide rods 16 fixed at an equal pitch on the lower end of the inner surface of the peripheral wall thereof, parallel to the axis, and stirring at the lower end is also possible. Also serves as. The tip of the belt conveyor 3 is located inside the guide rod 16, and among the waste that is supplied, heavy items A such as stones, glass, heavy metal pieces, sandals, shoes, etc. have a higher weight than the feeding force. The falling force caused by this is large so that it falls into the hopper 21 during stirring. These heavy materials A are either further crushed into a specified size and then landfilled, or are further separated into combustible materials and non-combustible materials by being subjected to a wind sorter in the next step.

[0011] An opening 11a opened in the middle part of the peripheral wall 11
is an intermediate heavy object B such as leftover food, garbage, cloth scraps, etc., which is gradually sent from the lower end by the spiral blade 13 and lifter blade 14.
The opening/closing lid 8a is swingably supported on the chute 8b so as to be closed at the top dead center position, which is unrelated to the fall. The chute 8b is provided with a stopper 8c that prevents it from opening too much so that it closes quickly. Further, the lid 8a may be weighted so as to apply an impact to the peripheral wall 11 when it is closed. Since most of the intermediate weight materials B are perishable as described above, they are effectively used as compost.

The cylindrical body 10 further has a drive gear 18 attached to the outer surface of the peripheral wall 11, and a pinion 61 meshing with the drive gear 18.
It receives a rotational force in the rotational direction R by a rotational drive means 60 consisting of an electric or hydraulic motor 62 attached to an output shaft via a joint (for example,
20r. p. m).

The lower cover 20 is engaged with the lower end of the cylindrical body 10 via a rubber sealing means 7, and is fixed to a machine base (not shown). Rear wall 20 of lower cover 20
A is provided with a waste input port 25 through which the belt conveyor 3 passes, a bearing 26 for the stirring means 50 on the axis of the cylindrical body 10, and an air suction port 23 whose opening degree can be adjusted. Further, at the lower end of the cover 20, a heavy object take-out hopper 21 is connected to a valve 2.
It is provided together with 2.

The upper cover 30 is engaged with the upper end of the cylindrical body 10 via a sealing means 7, and is fixed to a machine stand (not shown). The top wall 30a of the cover 30 includes
In order to generate an air flow within the cylindrical body 10, a connecting outlet 33 of a pipe is provided which communicates with the suction fan 40 via a cyclone filter 41 and a bag filter 42. Further, a bearing 26 for the stirring means 50 is provided on the front wall 30b on the axis of the cylindrical body 10. Further, a hopper 3 at the lower end collects and drops light objects C such as paper, aluminum, plastic sheets, plastic bottles, trays, etc., which are mainly carried by the airflow flowing from the lower end to the upper end within the cylindrical body 10.
1 is provided. Light and large dust is taken out from the rotary valve at the lower end of the hopper 31, light and small dust is taken out from the rotary valve of the cyclone filter 41, and dust is taken out from the rotary valve of the bag filter 42. Because these lightweight materials C are bulky, they are used in volume reduction and solidification equipment (Utility Model Publication Act 63
-25132), where it is converted into a rod-shaped solid. If collection to hopper 31 is poor,
It is also configured to move the air outlet 33 to the outlet of the hopper 31 and take out the lightweight articles C using a separator using a grid or wire mesh.

The stirring means 50 breaks up the mixed waste W to make it easier to separate and sort, and includes a rotary shaft 51 supported by the lower covered bearing 26 and the upper covered bearing 26, and a plurality of rotary shafts radially arranged on the rotating shaft 51. It is composed of an assembled stirring rod 52... and a motor 53 connected to a rotating shaft 51 via a balancing joint, and rotates at a rotational speed in the opposite direction or the same direction as the rotational direction R of the cylindrical body 10. It is designed to be rotated with a difference.

As another embodiment of the present invention, a sorting machine 1' shown in FIG. 4 uses a cylindrical body 10' having a truncated conical shape, and a cyclone filter 41 and a bag filter 42 are installed in front of the air suction means. We are prepared. The taper angle of the cylindrical body 10' is selected to be 3 to 30 degrees as described above, and the cylindrical body 10' is installed so that its axis is horizontal, which has the advantage of reducing the thrust load on the supporting means 5. Furthermore, if there is a lot of dust in the input waste W, the dust can be efficiently collected using the cyclone air flow. The configurations of the other spiral blades, lifter blades, cover, stirring means, etc. are basically the same as in the above representative embodiment, and their explanations will be omitted.

The operation of the present sorting machine 1 can be fully understood from the above explanation of the functions of each component, so the explanation will be omitted. The cylindrical body 10 can be a polygonal cylindrical body to facilitate breaking up of the lumpy waste, but the upper and lower ends must be circular using rings. The intermediate heavy object dropping opening 11a may be provided with an opening/closing lid that is cam-controlled so as to open only near the bottom dead center and close thereafter. Also,
The belt conveyor 3 is movable in its longitudinal direction,
It is configured so that the position at which waste is supplied into the cylindrical body 10 can be changed, thereby increasing the accuracy of sorting particularly heavy objects and intermediate heavy objects.

[0018]

Effects of the Invention As explained above, the waste sorter of the present invention has a rotatable inclined cylinder at the lower end which is provided with spiral blades on the inner circumferential surface and an opening for dropping intermediate heavy objects in the middle part of the circumferential wall. The heavy objects are allowed to slide down under their own weight, the intermediate heavy objects are allowed to fall through the opening, and the air suction means is used to generate an air flow inside the cylinder from the upper end, so that the light objects are taken out from the upper end. Even a mixture of miscellaneous waste has a specific gravity of 3.
It can be sorted into different types of waste, making it possible to respond to various treatment facilities in an appropriate state. Therefore,
It can contribute to the effective use of treatment facilities, such as protecting them and extending their service life.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a right side view of a waste sorter of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the inside of the cylindrical body.

FIG. 4 is a right side view of a waste sorter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Waste sorting machine 8a Open/close lid 10, 10´　Cylinder 11a Opening 11 Peripheral wall 13 Spiral blade 20 Lower cover 21 Heavy load removal hopper 23 Air intake port 25 Waste input port 30 Upper cover 31 Hopper for taking out lightweight objects 33 Air outlet 40 Air suction means 60 Rotation drive means A. Heavy objects B. Intermediate heavy goods C. Lightweight items W Mixed waste

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical body rotatably supported in an inclined state and having a plurality of openings in the peripheral wall for dropping intermediate heavy objects; A helical blade is attached to guide the movement from the upper part to the upper part, and the lower end of the cylindrical body is provided in an airtight state to allow rotation thereof, and a heavy object removal hopper and an air intake port are provided. a lower cover having a waste inlet and a waste inlet, a waste inlet means inserted from the waste inlet, and a lower cover provided in an airtight manner at the upper end of the cylindrical body to allow rotation thereof; A waste sorting machine comprising: an upper cover having a hopper for taking out lightweight objects; an upper cover having an air outlet; an air suction means communicating with the air outlet; and a means for rotating the cylindrical body. . 2. Claim 1, further comprising a crushing blade rotatably supported on the lower cover and the upper cover within the cylindrical body.
The sorting machine described. 3. The sorting machine according to claim 1, wherein each opening in the peripheral wall of the cylindrical body is provided with a swingable opening/closing lid. 4. The sorting machine according to claim 1, wherein the spiral blade is provided with lifter blades at a plurality of locations.