JPH10216637A - Grain-size wind composite classifier - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To precisely and finely classify the matter such as separately collected bulky incombustible refuse and construction waste. SOLUTION: This classifier is composed of the screen main body 4 set rotatably in a definite direction in a horizontal or inclined position, advancing the matter W to be classified fed from one end toward the other end, repeatedly raising and dropping the matter W to separate off the fine incombustible matter W1 from the matter W through many openings 4a provided to the main body, an air blowing pipe 8 set in the main body 4 and provided with many nozzles 14 for blowing air against the matter W falling in the main body 4 to blow off the light plastics W2 in the matter W and a conveyor 9 provided to the main body 4, collecting the blown light plastics and discharging them outside the main body 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is used for sorting selected and sorted objects such as bulky and non-combustible garbage and construction waste, and is capable of accurately and finely sorting sorted objects. The present invention relates to a combined particle size and wind force sorting device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, bulky and non-combustible garbage separated and collected in a bag for recycling is first subjected to bag breaking and crushing, and then irons are collected by a magnetic separator. Next, oversized garbage and non-combustible garbage are sifted through a rotary sieve (Trommel)
It is sent to a particle size sorter such as a screen or a vibrating screen, where it is sieved according to the size of the sieve. In this particle size sorter,
Fine non-combustible materials such as earth and sand, glass fragments, ceramic fragments, etc. can be separated, but other paper, cloth, plastic, wood, aluminum cans etc. were mixed. It is discharged as a combustible from the particle size sorter. Then, the combustibles are sorted and collected by a subsequent aluminum sorter into aluminum cans and the like, and then separated into light plastics and heavy combustibles by a wind separator.

[0005] FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a sorting process when sorting and collecting garbage is performed by the above-described sorting method, in which a rotary sieve (trommel) is used as a particle size sorting machine.

FIGS. 6 to 8 show a conventional rotary sieve 20.
The rotary sieve 20 includes a base 21, a rotatable support roller 22 provided on the base 21, and a rotatable support for the support roller 22 in a horizontal posture and around an axis. A cylindrical sieve body 23, a driving device 26 including a motor 24 and a transmission mechanism 25 for driving the sieve body 23 to rotate in a certain direction, and a sieve arranged upstream (left side in FIG. 6) of the sieve body 23 And a charging hopper 27 for charging a material W to be sorted such as bulky or non-burnable refuse into the main body 23.

[0005] The sieve body 23 has a diameter of 10 to
It has a punching metal structure in which a number of 25 mm holes 23a are formed.
It rotates in a fixed direction (the direction of the arrow in FIGS. 7 and 8) at a rotation speed of pm (usually about 3.5 rpm).

Further, a plurality of scraping fins 28 and a plurality of spiral blades 29 are mounted in the sieve body 23, respectively. That is, the fins 28 are sifted to the sieve body 2
The spiral blades 29 are attached to the inner peripheral surface of the sieve body 3 at equal angles and along the longitudinal direction, and the spiral blades 29 are attached to the inner peripheral surface of the sieve body 23 from the upstream end to the downstream end (FIG. 6 from the left end to the right end).

In FIG. 6, reference numeral 30 denotes a charging hopper 2.
A lid 31 supported on the base 7 and closing the upstream opening of the sieve main body 23 so as to be relatively rotatable is attached to the base 21 and connected to the downstream end of the sieve main body 23 so as to be relatively rotatably connected to the discharge hopper. It is.

[0008] Thus, from the charging hopper 27 to the sieve body 23
The sorted material W (coarse / non-combustible waste) thrown into the lower position on the upstream side of the inside is lifted to the upper position by the rotation of the sieve body 23 on the scraper fin 28 attached to the inner peripheral surface of the sieve body 23. , Sieve body 2 by spiral blade 29
3 from the upstream side to the downstream side (from left to right in FIG. 6) along the longitudinal direction.

The object to be sorted W that has risen while moving forward in the sieve body 23 loses the angle of repose when it is lifted to the vicinity of the top of the sieve body 23 and falls downward. At this time, the fine incombustible material W ₁ contained in the sorted material W, that is, the sieve body 23
The non-combustible material W ₁ (earth, sand, glass piece, pottery piece, etc.) having a size that can pass through the hole 23 a is discharged out of the screen main body 23 through the hole 23 a of the screen main body 23.

[0010] In this way, the sorting object W put into the sieve body 23 is moved up and down several times by the scraping fins 28 and the spiral blades 29 with the rotation of the sieve body 23, and the material to be sorted on the downstream side is repeated. To the selected material W
Fine incombustible W ₁ from within it is gradually sorted through the hole 23a of the sieve body 23.

The remaining objects (heavy objects) that have not passed through the holes 23a of the sieve body 23 are large incombustibles, paper, cloth, plastic, wood chips, aluminum cans, etc., which are mixed. It is discharged from the downstream end of the sieve body 23 via the discharge hopper 31 as it is. After the aluminum cans and the like are separated and collected by the aluminum separator, the sorted objects are separated into light plastics and heavy combustibles by the wind separator.

[0012]

By the way, in the conventional rotary sieve 20, a material W to be sorted such as coarse or non-combustible waste is selected.
The earth and sand, glass fragments can pass through the hole 23a of the sieve body 23, a fine incombustible W ₁ of pottery pieces and the like, can not be selected only other two, also Some other natural nonflammable Large heavy goods, flammable large lightweight goods and large heavy goods, plastic bottles, plastic films, aluminum cans and the like are mixed. As a result, in the aluminum sorting performed in the next step, there is a problem that the sorting of aluminum is hindered due to miscellaneous inclusions, or the load of the wind sorting performed in the next step is increased. In particular, in the recovery of plastics, the recovery rate is about 50 to 55%, and the purity of plastic (the amount of pure plastic in the recovered plastics) is about 50 to 55%. And other light-weight materials are extremely mixed.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in the conventional rotary sieve, namely, that the object to be sorted can be separated into only two types of fine incombustibles that can pass through the holes of the sieve body and the other two types. In order to solve the problems of increased load, separation efficiency of light plastics and high purity of plastics in wind separation, etc., large and incombustible garbage and construction waste separated and collected. It is an object of the present invention to provide a particle size / wind power combined sorting device capable of performing a sorting process with high accuracy and fineness on a sorting object such as a sorting object.

[0014]

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, a combined grain size / wind sorting apparatus of the present invention is provided so as to be rotatable in a fixed direction in a horizontal posture or an inclined posture,
A cylindrical shape having a large number of holes for sifting fine incombustibles from the sorted material by repeatedly lifting and dropping the sorted material while advancing the sorted material inputted from one end to the other end side. A sieve main body, an air blowing pipe provided with the number of nozzles provided in the sieve main body, for blowing air to a sorting object falling in the sieve body to blow off light plastics in the sorting object, and a sieve body And a discharge conveyor for collecting the blown-off light plastics and discharging the light plastics out of the sieve body.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are a schematic longitudinal front view and a schematic longitudinal side view of a combined grain size / wind sorting device 1 of the present invention. The combined grain size / wind sorting device 1 has a function of a grain size sorting machine and a function of a wind sorting machine. cage becomes preparative both structures were to be fractionation into three types and the object to be sorted matter W for example coarse-combustible waste, fine incombustible W ₁ and light plastics W ₂ and other heavy W ₃ Things.

That is, the particle size / wind power combined sorting apparatus 1 includes a base 2, a plurality of rotatable support rollers 3 provided on the base 2, and a rotatably supported by the support rollers 3.
Cylindrical sieve body 4 sieving fine incombustible W ₁ from
A hopper 5 for charging the sorting object W disposed upstream (left side in FIG. 1) of the sieve main body 4; a lid 6 for closing an upstream end surface of the sieve main body 4; a discharge hopper 7 which is communicatively connected to the end (right side in FIG. 1), provided in the sieve body 4, an air blowing pipe 8 that separates blow the light plastics W ₂ in the sorted matter W, It provided the sieve body 4, and a discharge conveyor 9 for discharging by collecting separated light plastics W _2.

The sieve body 4 has a diameter of 10 to 2 on its peripheral wall.
It has a punching metal structure in which many 5 mm holes 4a are formed. By supporting the metal rings 10 provided at both ends of the outer peripheral surface with the support rollers 3, it is supported in a horizontal posture and rotatably about the axis. Have been. Further, the sieve body 4 is a driving device (not shown) including a motor provided on the base 2 and a transmission mechanism (a chain transmission mechanism, a belt transmission mechanism, etc.) provided between the motor and the sieve body 4. )
The rotation speed of 1 rpm to 10 rpm (usually 3.5 rpm)
(about rpm) in a fixed direction (the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2). Further, on the inner peripheral surface of the sieve body 4, a plurality of scraping fins 11 that lift the object to be sorted W put into the body 4 of the sieve and drop it near the top thereof, And a plurality of spiral blades 12 which are advanced to the downstream side (the right side in FIG. 1) are attached to each of them. That is, the scraper fins 11 are attached to the inner peripheral surface of the sieve main body 4 at equal angles and along the longitudinal direction, and the spiral blades 12 are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the sieve main body 4 upstream of the sieve main body 4. It is spirally attached from the side end to the downstream end (left end to right end in FIG. 1).

The charging hopper 5 is arranged on the upstream side of the sieve main body 4, and the sorting hopper W such as coarse or non-combustible refuse is located on the upstream side of the sieve main body 4 and at the lower end position in the sieve main body 4. It can be put in.

The lid 6 closes an opening on the upstream side of the sieve main body 4 so as to be relatively rotatable, and is supported and fixed to the charging hopper 5.

The discharge hopper 7 is attached to the base 2 and is connected to the downstream end of the sieve body 4 so as to be relatively rotatable.

The air blowing pipe 8 is provided in the main body 4 of the sieve along the longitudinal direction, and blows the air A to the object W falling in the main body 4 of the sieve to thereby lighten the light in the object W. it is intended to separate blowing the plastics W _2.

That is, the air blowing pipe 8 is located at an upper position in the sieve main body 4 and on the inner periphery of the sieve main body 4 so that the air A can be blown to the sorting object W falling from near the top in the sieve main body 4. Two screens are provided in the vicinity of the surface (first quadrant I in FIG. 2) along the longitudinal direction of the sieve body 4, and are supported and fixed to the lid 6 and the discharge hopper 7, respectively, in a penetrating state. A plurality of nozzles 14 having a throttle valve 13 for adjusting the amount of air are implanted in the air blowing pipe 8 at regular intervals. Each nozzle 14 directs the air A supplied from the blower and the air supply pipe (both not shown) to the air blowing pipe 8 in a substantially horizontal direction (FIG. 2).
In the second quadrant II).

The discharge conveyor 9 is provided in the main body 4 of the sieve along the longitudinal direction, collects the light plastics W ₂ blown off by the air blowing pipe 8 and discharges the light plastics W ₂ out of the main body 4 of the sieve. Is what you do.

That is, the discharge conveyor 9 is disposed along the longitudinal direction of the sieve body 4 at a lower position in the sieve body 4 and at an obliquely lower position (the third quadrant III in FIG. 2) of the air blowing pipe 8. It is arranged in a horizontal position. A belt conveyor is used for the discharge conveyor 9. Also, the discharge conveyor 9
Is rotationally driven so that the belt 15 located on the upper side moves from the upstream side to the downstream side of the sieve body 4.
And the discharge hopper 7 is supported in a penetrating state.

The discharge conveyor 9 is provided with the light plastics W ₂ blown off by the air blowing pipe 8.
Collecting plate 16 for collecting and dropping on the belt 15
And a movable collection plate 17.

The fixed collecting plate 16 is fixedly supported on one side of the support frame 18 of the discharge conveyor 9 (the side farther from the air blowing pipe 8). It is arranged along the appearance. That is, the fixed collecting plate 16
Is from the position near the inner peripheral surface of the sieve body 4 and facing the nozzle 14 of the air blowing pipe 8 (the second quadrant II in FIG. 2) to the position of the support frame 18 (the third quadrant III in FIG. 2). It is arranged. The length of the fixed collecting plate 16 is set to be slightly shorter than the length of the sieve body 4, and the height of the fixed collecting plate 16 is set so that the upper end is located above the nozzle 14. ing.

On the other hand, the movable collecting plate 17 is supported on the other side (the side closer to the air blowing pipe 8) of the support frame 18 of the discharge conveyor 9 so as to be swingable in a substantially upright posture. The tilt angle can be adjusted appropriately. The length of the fixed collecting plate 16 is set slightly shorter than the length of the sieve body 4, and the height of the fixed collecting plate 16 is set so as not to collide with the air A ejected from the nozzle 14. ing.

Next, the object W (coarse / non-combustible waste) to be sorted is determined by using the combined particle size / wind sorter 1 constructed as described above.
Will be described.

The sorted materials W sorted and collected in the bag state are first subjected to bag-breaking and crushing treatments, and then irons are collected by a magnetic separator. Thereafter, the irons are collected from the charging hopper 5 into the sieve body 4. It is thrown into the upstream lower end position.

The sorting object W put into the sieve body 4 is lifted to the upper position by the rotation of the sieve body 4 on the scraping fins 11 attached to the inner peripheral surface of the sieve body 4, and
The spiral blade 12 advances the sieve body 4 from the upstream side to the downstream side (from left to right in FIG. 1) along the longitudinal direction.

The sorted object W, which has risen while moving forward on the inner peripheral surface of the sieve body 4, loses the angle of repose and falls downward when lifted to the vicinity of the top of the sieve body 4. At this time, heavy objects including earth and sand, glass pieces, pottery pieces and the like fall almost vertically. Of these, incombustibles W ₁ (soil, glass pieces, pottery pieces, etc.) of a size that can pass through the holes 4a of the sieve body 4 are discharged out of the sieve body 4 through the holes 4a of the sieve body 4, and The hopper 4 is sorted and collected by a hopper (not shown) disposed at a position below the peripheral surface.

On the other hand, in the portion where the sorting object W in the sieve body 4 starts to fall, the air A is directed in a substantially horizontal direction from the nozzle 14 of the air blowing pipe 8 toward the fixed collecting plate 16. The air A is blown at a speed (30 to 35 m / sec), and the air A is blown to the sorting object W falling from near the top of the sieve body 4. As a result, light plastics W ₂ or Styrofoam pieces such as a film contained in the object to be sorted matter W in fall, light paper such as specific gravity is near the top of the sieve body 4 by the air A to be ejected from the nozzle 14 ( 1st quadrant I)
From the fixed collecting plate 16 (the second quadrant II portion).

It should be noted that each nozzle 14 of the air blowing pipe 8
The air blowing amount is not uniform over the entire length of the sieve body 4,
On the upstream side of the sieve main body 4 (near where the sorted material W is charged)
The throttle valve 13 provided in the nozzle 14 is fully closed or almost fully closed.
It is in a state. This is because the upstream coating in the sieve body 4
Fine incombustible material W such as earth and sand₁Contains a lot
There, this fine incombustible W₁The air from the nozzle 14
When hit, fine incombustible W₁Is blown away and the discharge
It falls on the belt 15 of the conveyor 9 and reaches the discharge conveyor 9
Light plastics W collected from_TwoPurity (weight
%). Therefore, the sieve body 4
No wind is given on the upstream side, and fine incombustible W ₁Falls directly below
It is made to fall out of the sieve body 4 quickly. this thing
Has been determined by experiment.

Light plastics W ₂ , paper and the like blown off by the air A from the nozzle 14 form a fixed collecting plate 16 and a movable collecting plate 17 arranged along the inner peripheral surface of the sieve body 4. And falls gently in the space between the collecting plates 16 and 17 and rides on the belt 15 of the discharge conveyor 9 moving from the upstream side to the downstream side. Is discharged to the outside of the sieve main body 4 from the downstream end portion thereof and collected. The inclination angle of the movable collecting plate 17 is set to the value of the optimum by the sorted object W and this quality and quantity of light plastics W ₂ which are contained in such as selectively processed.

As described above, the sorting object W sequentially introduced into the sieve main body 4 is rotated downstream of the sieve main body 4 while repeatedly rising and falling several times by the fins 11 and the spiral blades 12. advanced to the side, a fine incombustible W ₁ during this period is gradually sorted through the hole 4a of the sieve body 4.
During this time, the light plastics W ₂ is blown off by the air A from the nozzle 14 and separated, and then collected by the discharge conveyor 9 and discharged out of the sieve body 4.

The remaining objects (heavy objects W ₃ ) that have not passed through the holes 4a of the sieve body 4 are non-combustible large objects W ₃ and flammable large objects W _3. Is discharged from the downstream end of the sieve body 4 through the discharge hopper 7 in a mixed state.

As described above, by the combined particle size and wind power sorting apparatus 1 of the present invention, the sorting object W such as coarse and non-burnable refuse can pass through the hole 4a of the sieve body 4 such as earth and sand, glass piece, pottery piece and the like. and incombustible W ₁ of the size, the light plastics W _2,
It is sorted processed into three types with other heavy W _3. Accordingly, during heavy W ₃ discharged from the downstream end of the sieve body 4, incorporation of light plastics W ₂ becomes very small,
When was fed the heavy W ₃ Following the aluminum separator, it is possible to sorting recovering aluminum accurately and reliably performed with significantly improve the sorting capacity of the aluminum separator, further air classifiers subsequent step Can be omitted.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a sorting process when the sorting object W (sorted garbage) is sorted using the above-described combined particle size / wind force sorting apparatus 1.

In the above example, the coarse / non-combustible waste is sorted by using the combined particle size / wind sorter 1, but in other examples, the combined particle / wind combiner 1 is used. Alternatively, construction waste including earth and sand, concrete pieces, wood and the like may be sorted out. In this case, the same operation and effect as the above example can be obtained.

In the above example, all the holes 4a of the sieve body 4 are formed to have the same size, but in other examples, the sizes of the holes 4a formed in the sieve body 4 are different. The length may be changed along the longitudinal direction. For example, sieve body 4
May be formed with a small-diameter hole 4a in the upstream portion, and a slightly large-diameter hole 4a may be formed in the downstream portion of the sieve body 4. Thus, it is possible to recover separately incombustible material W ₁ for each size.

In the above example, the sieve body 4 has a punching metal structure, but in other examples, the sieve body 4 may have a mesh structure.

In the above example, the sieve body 4 is supported by the support rollers 3 in a horizontal posture and rotatably. In other examples, the sieve body 4 is supported by the support rollers 3 on the downstream side. It may be rotatably supported by a lower inclined posture. In this case, since the sieve main body 4 is inclined, when the sieve main body 4 is rotated, the sorting target material W advances to the downstream side, and the spiral blade 12 can be omitted.

In the above example, two air blowing pipes 8 are arranged in the sieve body 4, but in other examples, the air blowing pipe 8 is placed in the sieve body 4. Books or three or more books may be arranged.

In the above example, a belt conveyor provided with a collecting plate on the discharge conveyor 9 is used.
Discharge conveyor 9 is not intended to be limited to the above example, if the discharge and collecting light plastics W ₂ blown away to the sieve body 4 outside, it may be a conveyor 9 of any structure.

In the above example, the discharge conveyor 9 is fixed.
The fixed collecting plate 16 is formed of a plate material.
The fixed collecting plate 16 is punched in the same manner as the sieve body 4.
It should be made of metal plate or net material.
May be. In this case, for example, fine incombustible W₁But air blow
Even if blown off by the pipe 8, the incombustible W₁Is
The sieve body 4 passes through the holes or meshes of the fixed collecting plate 16.
Will fall to the lower side of. As a result,
Light plastics W collected by the carrier 9 _TwoPurity
Can be prevented from decreasing.

[0046]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The combined particle size / wind sorting apparatus 1 of the present invention is operated under the conditions shown in Table 1 below, and is subjected to sorting processing of sorted collection garbage (crushed) having the composition shown in Table 2 below. the recovery and purity of plastics W ₂ is better as compared with the case of using the conventional rotating sieve (6 to that shown in FIG. 8) was found.

[0047]

[Table 1]

[0048]

[Table 2]

That is, the combined grain size / wind force sorting apparatus 1 of the present invention.
In the first operation, light plastics W
Next to ₂ of the recovery rate 80.6%, and in the operation of the second time recovery rate of light plastics W ₂ becomes 64.4%. On the other hand, in the case of a plant using a conventional sorting process using a rotary sieve, the recovery rate of light plastics W ₂ is 50%.
５５55%.

When the combined particle size and wind force sorting apparatus 1 of the present invention was used, the purity of the recovered light plastics W ₂ was 62.5% in the first operation, and was recovered in the second operation. the purity of the light plastics W ₂ is 71.9
%. In contrast, if the distinguishing processing plant using a conventional rotary sieve, purity of light plastics W ₂ was 50-55%.

[0051]

As is clear from the above description, the combined particle size and wind power sorting apparatus of the present invention includes a blow pipe for blowing light plastics into a cylindrical sieve body for sorting fine incombustibles, Since the discharge conveyor that collects the blown light plastics and discharges it to the outside of the sieve main body is provided, the selected materials, for example, coarse and non-combustible refuse, which are put in the main sieve body, are fine incombustible materials. , Can be sorted into light plastics and other three types,
The object to be sorted can be sorted with high accuracy and fineness as compared with the conventional rotary sieve. In addition, the apparatus of the present invention drops the object to be sorted in the sieve body, and blows air on the object to blow off and collect and collect light plastics contained in the object to be sorted. The recovery and purity of light plastics will also be significantly improved. Further, since the apparatus of the present invention can remove bulky light plastics in advance, when this apparatus is incorporated in a sorting processing plant, the sorting ability of the succeeding aluminum sorter is greatly improved. That is, when the aluminum in the object to be sorted is sorted by the aluminum sorter, the amount of light plastics mixed is small, so that the recovery rate and purity of the aluminum can be improved. In addition, since the apparatus of the present invention has a wind sorting function for sorting and recovering light plastics, when this apparatus is incorporated in a sorting processing plant, a wind sorting machine becomes unnecessary.
As a result, the sorting plant incorporating this device,
Equipment such as conveyors can be omitted, steps can be reduced,
The installation space of the entire plant can be reduced, and the equipment cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional front view of a combined particle size / wind force sorting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical sectional side view of the combined particle size / wind force sorting apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical sectional side view of an air blowing pipe.

FIG. 4 is a sorting flowchart in a case where a sorting object is sorted by using a particle size / wind force combined sorting apparatus.

FIG. 5 is a sorting flowchart in a case where a sorting object is sorted using a rotary sieve.

FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical sectional front view of a conventional rotary sieve.

FIG. 7 is a schematic vertical sectional side view of the rotary sieve.

FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of the rotary sieve.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 is a particle size and wind power combined sorting apparatus, 4 is a sieve body, 4a is a hole in the sieve body, 8 is an air blowing pipe, 9 is a discharge conveyor, 14
The nozzle, W is the sorted matter, W ₁ is fine incombustible, W ₂ is light plastics.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A sorting object (W) provided rotatably in a fixed direction in a horizontal posture or an inclined posture, while advancing a sorting object (W) inputted from one end to the other end side. And a sieve body (4) having a large number of holes (4a) for sifting fine incombustibles (W ₁ ) from the object to be sorted (W) by repeatedly lifting and dropping. A large number of nozzles (1) provided in the main body (1) for blowing air to the sorting object (W) falling in the sieve body (4) to blow off the light plastics (W ₂ ) in the sorting object (W).
Air blowing pipe (8) provided with 4) and light plastics (W ₂ ) provided in the sieve body (4) and blown off
And a discharge conveyor (9) that collects and discharges the outside of the sieve body (4).