JPH04240308A - Combustion gas mixing structure in refuse incinerator - Google Patents

Combustion gas mixing structure in refuse incinerator

Info

Publication number
JPH04240308A
JPH04240308A JP521591A JP521591A JPH04240308A JP H04240308 A JPH04240308 A JP H04240308A JP 521591 A JP521591 A JP 521591A JP 521591 A JP521591 A JP 521591A JP H04240308 A JPH04240308 A JP H04240308A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
gas
damper
combustion
combustion gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
JP521591A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tatsuhiro Fujii
藤井 達宏
Kohei Hamabe
浜辺 孝平
Kazuo Ieyama
家山 一夫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Zosen Corp
Original Assignee
Hitachi Zosen Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Zosen Corp filed Critical Hitachi Zosen Corp
Priority to JP521591A priority Critical patent/JPH04240308A/en
Publication of JPH04240308A publication Critical patent/JPH04240308A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion

Abstract

PURPOSE:To suppress the generation of unburned gas before it is generated by providing a secondary combustion chamber with a damper for changing the flow direction of the combustion gas in a combustion gas mixing structure provided with a primary combustion chamber with a grate and the second combustion chamber that is connected to the upper section of the primary combustion chamber. CONSTITUTION:In the secondary combustion chamber 2 of a refuse incinerator dampers 11 and 12 for changing the direction of flow of the combustion gas that are located a little above a nozzle 8 for supplying secondary air and form a pair in the front and rear are provided. The damper 11 in the front of the pair of the dampers arranged in the front and rear is set at the position (open position) in which the gas flows through, and the damper 12 in the rear is set in the position (closed position) in which the gas does not flow through. With this arrangement the direction of the main stream of the combustion gas that ascends from the primary combustion chamber 1 changes much of its direction to the front by hitting the rear damper 12 which is closed in the secondary combustion chamber 2, and ascend along the damper 11 in the front that is open. As a result whirl flows are generated and the combustion gas is well mixed. Furthermore, the flame, unburned matters, and the surplus air are mixed efficiently and complete combustion is achieved.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

【0001】0001

【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、都市ごみ、産業廃棄
物等の焼却に用いられるごみ焼却炉に関し、より詳細に
は炉内の燃焼ガスの混合を効果的に行なわしめる燃焼炉
の新規構造に関するものである。
[Field of Industrial Application] This invention relates to a waste incinerator used for incinerating municipal waste, industrial waste, etc., and more specifically, the present invention relates to a new structure for a combustion furnace that effectively mixes combustion gas in the incinerator. It is related to.

【0002】0002

【従来の技術】従来の火格子型ごみ焼却炉は、図3に示
すように、火格子(7) を備えた1次燃焼室(1) 
と、1次燃焼室(1) の上方に仕切壁(9) によっ
て逆U字状に形成された2次燃焼室(2) と、2次燃
焼室(2) で発生した燃焼ガスを煙道(3) に導く
ガス排出路(4) と、ガス排出路(4) における煙
道(3) の近傍に設けられた排熱回収装置(5) お
よび排ガス冷却用熱交換器(6) とを備えている。 2次燃焼室(2) の入口には2次空気供給用ノズル(
8) が設けられている。ポッパ(10)内のごみ(R
) は火格子(7) 上に載せられ、火格子(7) の
下方から供給される1次空気によって燃焼させられ、2
次燃焼室(2) には2次空気供給用ノズル(8) か
ら2次空気が供給される。
[Prior Art] As shown in Fig. 3, a conventional grate-type waste incinerator has a primary combustion chamber (1) equipped with a grate (7).
A secondary combustion chamber (2) is formed in an inverted U shape by a partition wall (9) above the primary combustion chamber (1), and the combustion gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber (2) is sent to the flue. (3) a gas exhaust path (4) leading to the gas exhaust path (4), and an exhaust heat recovery device (5) and an exhaust gas cooling heat exchanger (6) installed near the flue (3) in the gas exhaust path (4). We are prepared. A secondary air supply nozzle (
8) is provided. Garbage (R) in the popper (10)
) is placed on the grate (7) and is combusted by primary air supplied from below the grate (7).
Secondary air is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber (2) from a secondary air supply nozzle (8).

【0003】そして、ごみ(R) を焼却することによ
り発生した燃焼ガスは、図3中に実線および破線で示す
ように、1次燃焼室(1) から上昇してほぼストレー
トに2次燃焼室(2) に入り、ガス排出路(4) を
通り、排熱回収装置(5) および熱交換器(6) を
経て冷却された後煙道(3) から排出され、図示しな
い排ガス処理装置に送られるようになっている。
[0003]The combustion gas generated by incinerating the garbage (R) rises from the primary combustion chamber (1) and flows almost straight into the secondary combustion chamber, as shown by the solid and broken lines in FIG. (2), passes through the gas exhaust path (4), passes through the exhaust heat recovery device (5) and the heat exchanger (6), is cooled, and is then discharged from the flue (3) to the exhaust gas treatment device (not shown). It is ready to be sent.

【0004】0004

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記の
ような焼却炉を用いたごみ焼却では、つぎのような問題
がある。
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, garbage incineration using the above-mentioned incinerator has the following problems.

【0005】すなわち、1次燃焼室(1) からの燃焼
ガスは、上記の如く上昇してほぼストレートに2次燃焼
室(2) に入るため、燃焼ガスの混合性が悪く、その
ため一酸化炭素や炭化水素類、煤などの未燃分が発生し
やすい。
[0005] That is, the combustion gas from the primary combustion chamber (1) rises as described above and enters the secondary combustion chamber (2) almost straight, so the mixing properties of the combustion gas are poor, resulting in carbon monoxide. Unburnt substances such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and soot are likely to be generated.

【0006】また、1次燃焼室(1) からの燃焼ガス
は、2次燃焼室(2) の上昇路を上昇し、ついで頂部
から下降路を下降する間に温度降下をきたす。1次燃焼
室(1) の出口温度は、灰分の溶融によるクリンカの
形成、耐火物寿命の短縮、火格子の焼損、NOxの発生
などの問題から、燃焼に好適な1000℃以上の高温に
することができず、通常は900℃以下に抑えられてい
る。
[0006]Furthermore, the combustion gas from the primary combustion chamber (1) rises through the ascending path of the secondary combustion chamber (2), and then lowers in temperature while descending from the top through the descending path. The exit temperature of the primary combustion chamber (1) should be set to a high temperature of 1000°C or higher, which is suitable for combustion, to avoid problems such as clinker formation due to melting of ash, shortened refractory life, burnout of the grate, and generation of NOx. The temperature is usually kept below 900°C.

【0007】そのため、2次燃焼室(2) には完全燃
焼の目的で2秒間以上の滞留時間を保有させてはいるが
、後流に行くにしたがってガス温度が低下する。ノズル
(8) によって2次燃焼室(2) の入口に2次空気
を供給しても、この空気が燃焼ガスとの混合領域に達す
ると、ガス温度は上述の如く低下しているため、酸化反
応は緩慢にしか進行せず、完全燃焼は達成し難い。その
結果、一酸化炭素や炭化水素類、煤などの未燃分はその
まま燃焼排ガスとともに排出されることとなる。
Therefore, although a residence time of 2 seconds or more is maintained in the secondary combustion chamber (2) for the purpose of complete combustion, the gas temperature decreases as it moves downstream. Even if secondary air is supplied to the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber (2) by the nozzle (8), when this air reaches the mixing area with the combustion gas, the gas temperature has decreased as described above, so oxidation occurs. The reaction proceeds only slowly and complete combustion is difficult to achieve. As a result, unburned components such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, soot, etc. are emitted as they are along with the combustion exhaust gas.

【0008】また、2次燃焼室(2) のガス流れはい
わゆるピストンフローに近いものであり、ごみの燃焼は
ごみ投入量の増減、発熱量の変動、ごみ形態の変化など
によって突発的に変動し、しばしば瞬間的に空気不足状
態になることがあり、この場合も一酸化炭素や炭化水素
類、煤などの未燃分が排ガスとともに排出される。この
原因は、ピストンフロー状のガス流れでは上流の燃焼ガ
スと下流の燃焼ガスの混合がなされず上記の如き瞬間的
な空気不足状態が生じることに起因する。
[0008] Furthermore, the gas flow in the secondary combustion chamber (2) is similar to a so-called piston flow, and the combustion of waste may suddenly fluctuate due to changes in the amount of waste input, changes in calorific value, changes in the form of waste, etc. However, there is often a momentary air shortage, and in this case too, unburned substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and soot are emitted along with the exhaust gas. The cause of this is that in the piston flow-like gas flow, upstream combustion gas and downstream combustion gas are not mixed, resulting in the instantaneous air shortage condition as described above.

【0009】こうして排ガス中に多量に含まれる炭化水
素類は、いわゆるダイオキシン前駆物質であって、後流
で塩化水素ガスなどの塩化物と反応し、猛毒のダイオキ
シンを生成するという問題がある。
[0009] The large amount of hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas are so-called dioxin precursors, and there is a problem in that they react with chlorides such as hydrogen chloride gas in the downstream, producing highly toxic dioxins.

【0010】この発明の目的は、上記問題を解決し、ご
み焼却炉において都市ごみ、産業廃棄物などを焼却する
に際し、未燃分の発生を未然に抑制しうるごみ焼却炉を
提供することにある。
[0010] An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a waste incinerator that can prevent the generation of unburned waste when incinerating municipal waste, industrial waste, etc. in the waste incinerator. be.

【0011】[0011]

【課題を解決するための手段】この発明は、上記目的を
達成すべく工夫されたものであって、2次燃焼室に特定
の構成品を設置することによって燃焼ガスの混合を効果
的になし得るという知見により完成せられたものである
[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been devised to achieve the above object, and effectively mixes combustion gas by installing specific components in the secondary combustion chamber. It was completed by the knowledge of obtaining.

【0012】すなわち、この発明は、火格子を備えた1
次燃焼室と、その上方に連設された2次燃焼室とを備え
た火格子型ごみ焼却炉において、2次燃焼室に燃焼ガス
流方向変換用のダンパが設けられているを特徴とする、
ごみ焼却炉における燃焼ガス混合構造である。
[0012] That is, the present invention provides a
A grate type waste incinerator equipped with a secondary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber connected above the secondary combustion chamber, characterized in that the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a damper for changing the direction of combustion gas flow. ,
This is the combustion gas mixing structure in a garbage incinerator.

【0013】この発明の好適な態様においては、2次燃
焼室に2次空気供給用ノズルが配設され、燃焼ガス流方
向変換用のダンパは2次空気供給用ノズルのやや上に2
つ設置されている。
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a secondary air supply nozzle is disposed in the secondary combustion chamber, and a damper for changing the combustion gas flow direction is located slightly above the secondary air supply nozzle.
One is installed.

【0014】2次燃焼室における燃焼ガス温度は好まし
くは1000〜800℃の範囲である。
[0014] The combustion gas temperature in the secondary combustion chamber is preferably in the range of 1000 to 800°C.

【0015】[0015]

【作用】この発明のごみ焼却炉においては、2次燃焼室
に燃焼ガス流方向変換用のダンパが設けられているので
、1次燃焼室からストレートに上昇してきた燃焼ガスの
主流がダンパに当たるようにダンパの開閉操作を行なう
ことによって、1次燃焼室からストレートに上昇してき
た燃焼ガスの主流が2次燃焼室内で大きく方向変換させ
られ、その結果渦流が生じて燃焼ガスがよく混合せられ
る上に、火炎および未燃分と余剰空気との混合が効率よ
く行われ、完全燃焼が達成される。
[Operation] In the waste incinerator of the present invention, the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a damper for changing the flow direction of the combustion gas, so that the main stream of the combustion gas that has risen straight from the primary combustion chamber hits the damper. By opening and closing the damper, the main stream of combustion gas that has risen straight from the primary combustion chamber is largely changed in direction within the secondary combustion chamber, resulting in a vortex, which allows the combustion gas to mix well. In addition, the flame, unburned matter, and surplus air are efficiently mixed, and complete combustion is achieved.

【0016】[0016]

【実施例】つぎに、図示の実施例によりこの発明を具体
的に説明する。なお、前後関係については、図1の左方
を前方と称することとする。
[Embodiments] Next, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to illustrated embodiments. In addition, regarding the front-back relationship, the left side of FIG. 1 is referred to as the front.

【0017】図1において、この発明によるごみ焼却炉
は、火格子(7) を備えた1次燃焼室(1) と、1
次燃焼室(1) の上方に連設された2次燃焼室(2)
 と、1次燃焼室(1) に通じるポッパ(10)と、
2次燃焼室(2) の入口の前後壁にそれぞれ設けられ
た2次空気供給用ノズル(8) と、2次燃焼室(2)
 において2次空気供給用ノズル(8) のやや上に設
置された前後1対の燃焼ガス流方向変換用のダンパ(1
1)(12)とを具備した構造のものである。
In FIG. 1, the waste incinerator according to the present invention includes a primary combustion chamber (1) equipped with a grate (7);
Secondary combustion chamber (2) connected above the secondary combustion chamber (1)
and a popper (10) leading to the primary combustion chamber (1).
Secondary air supply nozzles (8) provided on the front and rear walls of the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber (2), and the secondary combustion chamber (2).
A pair of dampers (1) for changing the direction of combustion gas flow are installed slightly above the secondary air supply nozzle (8).
1) and (12).

【0018】ポッパ(10)内のごみ(R) は火格子
(7) の下方から供給される1次空気によって燃焼さ
せられ、2次燃焼室(2) には2次空気供給用ノズル
(8) から2次空気が供給される。
The garbage (R) in the popper (10) is combusted by the primary air supplied from below the grate (7), and the secondary combustion chamber (2) is equipped with a secondary air supply nozzle (8). ) is supplied with secondary air.

【0019】上記構成において、前後1対のダンパのう
ち前側ダンパ(11)は垂直すなわちガス流通位置(開
状態)にセットされ、後側ダンパ(12)は水平すなわ
ちガス非流通位置(閉状態)にセットされている。その
ため、1次燃焼室(1) から上昇してきた燃焼ガスの
主流は2次燃焼室(2) 内で閉状態の後側ダンパ(1
2)に当たって前方に大きく方向変換させられ、開状態
の前側ダンパ(11)に沿って上昇する。その結果、渦
流が生じて燃焼ガスがよく混合せられる。また、火炎お
よび未燃分と余剰空気との混合が効率よく行われ、完全
燃焼が達成される。
In the above configuration, of the pair of front and rear dampers, the front damper (11) is set vertically, that is, in the gas flow position (open state), and the rear damper (12) is set horizontally, that is, in the gas non-flow position (closed state). is set to . Therefore, the main flow of combustion gas rising from the primary combustion chamber (1) flows into the closed rear damper (1) in the secondary combustion chamber (2).
2), it is caused to change direction significantly forward, and rises along the front damper (11) which is in the open state. As a result, a vortex is created and the combustion gases are mixed well. Furthermore, the flame, unburned matter, and surplus air are efficiently mixed, and complete combustion is achieved.

【0020】図2においては、図1の場合と逆に、前後
1対のダンパのうち後側ダンパ(12)が垂直すなわち
ガス流通位置(開状態)にセットされ、前側ダンパ(1
1)が水平すなわちガス非流通位置(閉状態)にセット
されている。そのため、1次燃焼室(1) から上昇し
てきた燃焼ガスの主流は2次燃焼室(2) 内で閉状態
の前側ダンパ(11)との当接を避けて後方に大きく方
向変換させられ、開状態の後側ダンパ(12)に沿って
上昇する。その結果、やはり渦流が生じて燃焼ガスがよ
く混合せられる。こうして燃焼ガスがよく混合されると
、火炎および未燃分と余剰空気との混合が効率よく行わ
れ、一酸化炭素や炭化水素類、煤などの未燃分が渦流中
で完全に燃焼され、燃焼が極めて早く完結せられる。
In FIG. 2, contrary to the case of FIG. 1, the rear damper (12) of the pair of front and rear dampers is set vertically, that is, in the gas flow position (open state), and the front damper (12)
1) is set horizontally, that is, in a gas non-circulating position (closed state). Therefore, the main flow of the combustion gas rising from the primary combustion chamber (1) is largely deflected rearward within the secondary combustion chamber (2) to avoid contact with the closed front damper (11). It rises along the rear damper (12) in the open state. As a result, a vortex is also generated and the combustion gases are mixed well. When the combustion gas is well mixed in this way, the flame, unburned substances, and surplus air are efficiently mixed, and unburned substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and soot are completely combusted in the vortex. Combustion can be completed extremely quickly.

【0021】また、ピストンフローによる瞬間的空気不
足状態から来る一酸化炭素や炭化水素類、煤などの未燃
分の排出は、燃焼ガスの混合が充分になされる結果、激
減せられる。
Furthermore, the emissions of unburned substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and soot resulting from a momentary air shortage state due to piston flow can be drastically reduced as a result of sufficient mixing of combustion gases.

【0022】この実施例では、ダンパは前後1対設けら
れているので、ごみ投入量の増減、発熱量の変動、ごみ
形態の変動などによって2次燃焼室内で燃焼ガスの主流
の位置が変移しても、これらダンパを適宜開閉させるこ
とによって上記主流の方向変換を行なうことができる。
In this embodiment, a pair of dampers is provided at the front and rear, so that the position of the main stream of combustion gas within the secondary combustion chamber changes due to changes in the amount of waste input, changes in calorific value, changes in the form of waste, etc. However, the direction of the main flow can be changed by appropriately opening and closing these dampers.

【0023】[0023]

【発明の効果】この発明のごみ焼却炉によれば、上述の
ようにして、2次燃焼室に燃焼ガス流方向変換用のダン
パが設けられているので、1次燃焼室からストレートに
上昇してきた燃焼ガスの主流がダンパに当たるようにダ
ンパの開閉操作を行なうことによって、燃焼ガスの主流
を2次燃焼室内で大きく方向変換させることができ、そ
の結果渦流を形成して燃焼ガスをよく混合せしめること
ができる。
[Effects of the Invention] According to the waste incinerator of the present invention, as described above, the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a damper for changing the flow direction of the combustion gas, so that the combustion gas flows straight up from the primary combustion chamber. By opening and closing the damper so that the main flow of the combustion gas hits the damper, the direction of the main flow of the combustion gas can be changed significantly within the secondary combustion chamber, resulting in the formation of a vortex, which allows the combustion gas to mix well. be able to.

【0024】また、火炎および未燃分と余剰空気との混
合を効率よく行なって完全燃焼を達成することができる
Furthermore, complete combustion can be achieved by efficiently mixing the flame, unburned matter, and excess air.

【0025】その結果、炭化水素類のようなダイオキシ
ン前駆物質を含む排ガス中の未燃分が激減し、ダイオキ
シンの発生を未然に防いでダイオキシン含有量が極微量
または含まない排ガスを大気中に放出できる。
As a result, the unburned content in the exhaust gas containing dioxin precursors such as hydrocarbons is drastically reduced, the generation of dioxin is prevented, and exhaust gas containing very little or no dioxin is released into the atmosphere. can.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

【図1】この発明によるごみ焼却炉の1具体例を示す垂
直断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing one specific example of a waste incinerator according to the present invention.

【図2】この発明によるごみ焼却炉の1具体例を示す垂
直断面図である。
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing one specific example of a waste incinerator according to the present invention.

【図3】従来のごみ焼却炉を示す垂直断面図である。FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing a conventional garbage incinerator.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

(1) …1次燃焼室、(2) …2次燃焼室、(7)
 …火格子、(8) …2次空気供給用ノズル、(11
)…前側ダンパ、(12)…後側ダンパ。
(1) ...Primary combustion chamber, (2) ...Secondary combustion chamber, (7)
...Grate, (8) ...Secondary air supply nozzle, (11
)...front damper, (12)...rear damper.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】  火格子を備えた1次燃焼室と、その上
方に連設された2次燃焼室とを備えた火格子型ごみ焼却
炉において、2次燃焼室に燃焼ガス流方向変換用のダン
パが設けられているを特徴とする、ごみ焼却炉における
燃焼ガス混合構造。
Claim 1: In a grate-type waste incinerator comprising a primary combustion chamber equipped with a grate and a secondary combustion chamber connected above the primary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a combustion gas flow direction converter. A combustion gas mixing structure in a garbage incinerator, characterized by being provided with a damper.
JP521591A 1991-01-21 1991-01-21 Combustion gas mixing structure in refuse incinerator Withdrawn JPH04240308A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP521591A JPH04240308A (en) 1991-01-21 1991-01-21 Combustion gas mixing structure in refuse incinerator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP521591A JPH04240308A (en) 1991-01-21 1991-01-21 Combustion gas mixing structure in refuse incinerator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH04240308A true JPH04240308A (en) 1992-08-27

Family

ID=11604967

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP521591A Withdrawn JPH04240308A (en) 1991-01-21 1991-01-21 Combustion gas mixing structure in refuse incinerator

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH04240308A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100354813B1 (en) * 1999-10-26 2002-09-30 사단법인 고등기술연구원 연구조합 Air supply device for an incinerator
CN113375165A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-09-10 北京基亚特环保科技有限公司 Vertical secondary combustion chamber device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100354813B1 (en) * 1999-10-26 2002-09-30 사단법인 고등기술연구원 연구조합 Air supply device for an incinerator
CN113375165A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-09-10 北京基亚特环保科技有限公司 Vertical secondary combustion chamber device

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