JPH04222525A - Cultivation of peanut - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable the culture of peanut with saved labor without deteriorating environment by closely covering a ridge face with a photo-degradable mulching film having planting holes, sowing seeds of peanut and, after blooming, introducing the gynophore formed from flower into the ground. CONSTITUTION:A mulching film is produced from a photo-degradable resin such as a modified PE composed mainly of ethylene and produced e.g. by copolymerizing ethylene with carbon monoxide or ethylene with carbon monoxide and an ethylenic unsaturated compound. A ridge face is closely covered with the mulching film and seed of peanut is sowed into a planting hole opened on the film to grow peanut. After blooming, a gynophore formed from flower is pierced from the aboveground side of the photo-degraded mulching film toward the underground side and introduced into the ground to enable the culture of peanut while efficiently keeping warn and suppressing the growth of weeds. The mulching film can be produced also from a resin composition produced by compounding a polyolefin with a photo-degradation promoting agent such as benzophenone.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating peanuts using a mulching film made from a photodegradable resin.

0002

[Prior art] Peanuts contain fat, protein, and vitamin A.
Because it contains abundant mineral components and has an oval shape that can be pinched with your hands, it is used in large quantities as a snack for sake, an ingredient in confectionery, and as an ingredient in food.

[0003] Peanut seeds are sown in spring, and the first flower blooms in early summer at the 8th to 10th leaf stage, and the flowering continues continuously for about 2 months thereafter. After flowering, the ovary stalk that has emerged from the flower begins to grow on the third day, and from the fifth day onward, the tip of the ovary stalk (growth end) begins to grow toward the ground, showing positive geotropism. The ovary stalk stops elongating and pod formation begins 5 to 6 days after entry. It takes about 50 to 70 days for the pods to form after flowering, and the flowers that bloom by mid-August will effectively form pods, so the pods can be harvested from late September to early October.

[0004] The above cultivation of peanuts is explained in the case of outdoor cultivation, but in general, when seeds are sown, the ridge surface is often covered with a mulching film. Covering with mulching film has the effect of stabilizing early germination and establishment during the cold early stage of cultivation during spring sowing due to its heat retention properties, and also has the effect of suppressing the emergence of weeds.

However, when a mulching film with a thickness of about 30 μm or more is used in peanut cultivation,
After flowering, when the ovary stalk that has developed from the flower extends from the air toward the ground surface and attempts to enter the ground, it is blocked by the mulching film, making it impossible to enter the ground, resulting in the formation of pods in the ground. It disappears. As a result, it becomes impossible to harvest peanuts. As a countermeasure to this problem, if you use a mulching film cut out in a circle with a diameter of about 30 cm centered at the sowing location, the above-mentioned adverse effects will be eliminated, but the heat retention effect and weed growth suppressing effect will be weakened, and the use of the mulching film will no longer be meaningful. . Therefore, when using a mulching film with a thickness of about 30 μm or more, it is necessary to manually remove the mulching film when flowering begins, which increases costs accordingly.

On the other hand, when a mulching film with a thickness of about 30 μm or less is used, the ovary stalk penetrates the film and reaches the ground to form a capsule. However, when harvesting peanuts,
The film is dug up along with the pods underground and the ovary stalk, stems, branches, leaves, etc. above the ground, and the film is difficult to separate because the ovary stalk penetrates through it, so it is passed through a cutting machine and then a sorter based on specific gravity. Then, peanuts are separated into pods and other unnecessary parts. In this case, since the films are mixed together, the excavation work is difficult, and it also causes the sorting machine to malfunction, and the cut film pieces are scattered nearby, causing pollution. is desired. In addition, in late July during cultivation, the soil is raked up by raising ridges, but the mulching film is also an obstacle to this work.

[0007]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] When using a mulching film, conventionally the removal work is done manually at the beginning of flowering. This is a method of cultivating peanuts in which the formed ovary stalk can go underground, form pods, and harvest peanuts, and it is also environmentally friendly because the mulching film does not interfere with the ridge-raising and digging work. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating peanuts that does not cause deterioration of the quality of peanuts.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of intensive research, the present inventors have found that when a peanut ovary stalk enters the ground, the film existing there is easily broken by the tip of the ovary stalk. They came up with the idea that it would be sufficient if the strength was reduced, and completed the present invention.

[0009] That is, the method for cultivating peanuts of the present invention is as follows:
A mulching film made from a photodegradable resin is tightly coated on the ridge surface, peanut seeds are sown in the planting holes made in the mulching film, and the peanuts are allowed to grow. It is characterized by penetrating the photo-degraded mulching film from the above ground side to the underground side and entering underground. Note that the above-mentioned planting holes may be drilled in advance before film mulching, or may be drilled after film mulching.

[0010] In the cultivation method of the present invention, a mulching film manufactured from a modified polyethylene whose main component is ethylene and carbon monoxide or ethylene, which is a copolymerization of ethylene, carbon monoxide, and an ethylenically unsaturated compound, or a polyolefin. It is preferable to use a mulching film manufactured from a resin composition containing both or one of a photodegradation accelerator and a transition metal compound.

[0011] The modified polyethylene used in the present invention has ethylene as its main component and is copolymerized with carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide and an ethylenically unsaturated compound. In the above-mentioned modified polyethylene, the copolymerization ratio of carbon monoxide is preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, but if it is less than 0.5% by weight, the photodegradation rate will be extremely low, and if it exceeds 10% by weight. Conversely, the photodegradability becomes too high and the photodegradability deteriorates in a short period of time, which is undesirable.

Ethylenically unsaturated compounds used in the present invention include vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, (meth)
Acrylic acid, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, maleic acid, fumaric acid, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl phenyl ether, styrene, vinyl chloride, propylene, butene -1, hexene-1
, octene-1, decene-1, 4-methylpentene-1
Vinyl acetate and ethyl acrylate are preferred in terms of cost, film strength, heat resistance, gloss, haze, etc.

[0013] When such an ethylenically unsaturated compound is copolymerized with ethylene together with carbon monoxide, it is possible to rapidly cause photodecomposition after a certain period of time. When copolymerizing ethylenically unsaturated compounds, the copolymerization ratio is preferably 1 to 20% by weight; however, if it is less than 1% by weight, the effect of copolymerization will not be achieved, and if it exceeds 20% by weight, However, the effect of copolymerization reaches a saturation point and does not increase any further, and the strength of the film decreases.

The modified polyethylene used in the present invention can be produced by the method disclosed in the following patent publications: US Pat.
3083184, 3248359, 3530109, 3
676401, 3689460, 3694412, 37
80140, 3835123, 3929727, 394
8832, 3948850, 3948873, 3968
082,3984388,4024104,40243
25,4024326,4076911,414309
6,4137382,4139522,4143096
, 4304887 Japanese Patent Publications 1982-128690, 1982-128691, 1982
-115026, Heisei 1-153723 Japanese Patent Publication 1980-39705

Specifically, the following modified polyethylene manufacturing method can be exemplified: ■ Using a high-pressure low-density polyethylene manufacturing apparatus, the reaction temperature is 150 to 300°C and the pressure is 50°C.
Under conditions of 0 to 3000 atmospheres, dilauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, tert-butyl peracetate or α, α'
- A free radical generator such as azobisisobutyronitrile dissolved in an inert organic solvent such as benzene, kerosene or mineral oil is injected into the reactor and ethylene, carbon monoxide and optionally other ethylenic Method of copolymerizing with an unsaturated compound, (1) Using a medium-low pressure high-density polyethylene manufacturing equipment, the reaction temperature is 50 to 300°C, the pressure is 0 to
Under conditions of 200 atmospheres, in the presence of a coordination catalyst or metal catalyst (Ziegler type, Natta type, Phillips type, etc.), ethylene and carbon monoxide and optionally A method of copolymerizing with other ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

In the present invention, polyolefins include high-pressure polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE),
), ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.

In the present invention, the photodegradation accelerator refers to benzophenone, anthraquinone, acetophenone, indandione, indanone, and derivatives of these compounds, and examples thereof include the following: benzophenone, 4-
Chlorbenzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone, 2
-Chlorobenzophenone, 4-bromobenzophenone,
3-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-methyl-4'-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-methyl-4'-hydroxybenzophenone, 3
, 5-dimethyl-4'-hydroxybenzophenone, 4
, 4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 4-nitrobenzophenone, anthraquinone, 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 1-chloroanthraquinone, 2-chloroanthraquinone, 1-bromanthraquinone, 2-bromanthraquinone, acetophenone, 3
-bromoacetophenone, 4-bromoacetophenone,
2-methyl-4-chloroacetophenone, 3-methyl-
4-chloroacetophenone, 3-methyl-4-bromoacetophenone, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone, 2,5-dimethylacetophenone, 2-nitroacetophenone, 3-nitroacetophenone, 3,5-dinitro Acetophenone, indanedione, 2-chlorindanedione, 2,2
-dichloroindanedione, 2,4,5,6,7-pentachlorindanedione, 2-bromoindanedione,
2-chloro-2-bromoindanedione, 2,2-dibromoindanedione, 2-methylindanedione, 2-
Bromo-2-methylindanedione, 2,2-dimethylindanedione, quinophthalone, indanone, 6-chlorindanone, 2,2-dichlorindanone, 2,3-
Dichlorindanone, 3,3-dichlorindanone, 2
- Bromoindanone, 4-bromoindanone, 6-bromoindanone, 2,2-dibromoindanone, 2-methylindanone, 4-chloro-2-methylindanone, 6
-Chloro-2-methylindanone, 2-bromo-2-methylindanone, 4-methylindanone, 6-methylindanone, 4,7-dimethylindanone. The above photodegradation accelerator is 0.1 to 1 per 100 parts by weight of polyolefin.
It is preferable to add 0 parts by weight.

In the present invention, transition metal compounds include organic acid salts and organic chelate compounds of iron, manganese, cobalt or copper, and specifically include the following: iron acetate, iron naphthenate, Iron stearate, iron oleate, iron laurate, iron oxalate, iron acrylate, iron methacrylate, iron maleate, iron acetylacetonate, manganese acetate, manganese naphthenate, manganese stearate, manganese maleate, manganese oxalate, Manganese acetylacetonate, manganese alkyl acetonate, cobalt acetate, cobalt naphthenate, cobalt stearate, cobalt oleate, cobalt acetylacetonate, copper acetate, copper naphthenate, copper stearate, copper oleate, copper oxalate, copper acetyl Acetonato. The above transition metal compound is 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of polyolefin.
It is preferable to add 10 parts by weight.

The resin composition for producing the mulching film of the present invention contains inorganic fillers such as silicon oxide, anhydrous aluminosilicate, phosphate, sulfate, etc. in order to improve heat retention and photodegradability. Carbonates, hydroxyl-containing magnesium, aluminates, etc. may further be added. Specifically, hydrated silica, anhydrous silica, synthetic silica, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium oxide,
Titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, boron oxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide,
Lithium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc carbonate, aluminum carbonate, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, lithium carbonate, zinc sulfate, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, zirconium sulfate, barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, aluminum Examples include silicate gel and aluminosilicate gel. The particle size of these inorganic fillers is 1 to 30
The diameter is preferably about 1 μm, but if it is less than 1 μm, it will be difficult to knead into the resin, and if it is more than 30 μm, the contribution to heat retention and photodegradability will be saturated even if the amount added is increased. Due to undesirability. The inorganic filler is preferably added in an amount of 0 to 20 parts by weight, particularly 2 to 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the resin component. This is because if the amount is less than 2 parts by weight, the effect of heat retention and photodegradability is low, but if it is more than 20 parts by weight, it not only becomes difficult to produce the film, but also the strength decreases.

In the present invention, the photodegradable mulching film has been photodegraded to such an extent that it is easily destroyed at the growing end of the ovary stalk by about mid-July when the peanut ovary stalk enters underground from above ground. It is essential that the The degree of photodegradation depends on the type of photodegradable resin used, the amount of photodegradation accelerators that may be added, transition metal compounds, inorganic fillers, etc., the thickness of the mulching film, the amount of sunlight, the sowing time, etc. However, in the present invention, even if the degree of photodegradation is too advanced, there is not much harm; on the contrary, if the degree of photodegradation is insufficient, the growing end of the ovary stalk will be prevented from penetrating underground, which is undesirable. Therefore, it is difficult to generalize because the conditions vary depending on the sowing time, amount of sunlight, peanut variety, etc., but when using modified polyethylene and the carbon monoxide content is 0.5% by weight, the film thickness is is preferably 100 μm or less, and if the carbon monoxide content is 10% by weight, photodegradation is sufficient even at 300 μm. When a photodegradation accelerator, a transition metal compound, etc. are added to the polyolefin, the thickness of the mulching film is preferably 10 to 300 μm.

The resin composition for producing the mulching film of the present invention further contains antistatic agents, colorants, lubricants, insecticides, fertilizers, herbicides, carbon black, pigments, etc. as other components. It may be added within a range that does not impair the purpose.

The resin composition for the mulching film of the present invention is prepared by kneading a mixture of each component under heating (
It can be obtained by kneading with sufficient shearing force at 80 to 200°C (usually 80 to 200°C), extruding, and then pelletizing. Further, the mulching film may be manufactured by a blown tubular film manufacturing method, a T-die casting method, or the like.

[0023]

[Function] The method for cultivating peanuts of the present invention is to grow peanuts by closely covering the ridge surface with a mulching film made from a photodegradable resin during the sowing period. The mulching film has undergone some degree of photodegradation and has become brittle, allowing the ovary stalk itself to penetrate the film and enter the ground without tearing the film manually. Furthermore, since the film has completely disappeared at the time of harvest, there is no need to collect the film.

[0024]

[Examples] Next, the present invention will be explained based on examples.
The present invention is not limited to these. In addition, in the examples, % and parts are each based on weight. [Manufacture of mulching film] Mulching film A ethylene-carbon monoxide (CO) copolymer (CO content 0.
9%, melt index 0.75g/10min, density 0
．． A tubular film with a thickness of 40 μm was produced by the inflation method using 930 g/cm 3 ), cut into a long sheet with a width of 50 cm, and planting holes with a diameter of 5 cm were made at 50 cm intervals, which was designated as mulching film A. Mulching Film B Mulching film B was produced in the same manner as mulching film A except that the CO content was 4% and the film thickness was 100 μm. Mulching film C High pressure low density polyethylene (density 0.924g/cm3
, melt index: 3.2 g/10 min) using a resin composition containing 3 parts of cobalt acetylacetonate and a film thickness of 50 μm by the inflation method.
Mulching film C was manufactured in the same manner as in the case of mulching film A, except that m was used. Mulching Film D for Comparative Example Mulching Film D for Comparative Example was manufactured in the same manner as in the case of Mulching Film C except that cobalt acetylacetonate was not blended. Mulching Film E for Comparative Example Mulching Film E for Comparative Example was manufactured in the same manner as in the case of Mulching Film C, except that cobalt acetylacetonate was not blended and the film thickness was 20 μm.

[Cultivation of peanuts] Example 1 Mulching film A was used in a test field in Hadano City, Kanagawa Prefecture in late April.
The film was closely coated on the ridge surface, and peanut seeds were sown into the ground through holes previously made in the film. In early July, the first flower bloomed, 3 days later the ovary stalk began to grow, 8 days later it reached the surface of the mulching film, penetrated the film and entered the ground. After that, the flowers bloomed one after another, and the ovary stalks of each flower expanded, penetrated the mulching film, and entered the ground. The ridge work was carried out in late July, but there were no problems caused by the film. In late September, when the pods had fully grown, one peanut plant was dug up, including the roots and pods. The degree of photodegradation of the mulching film progressed further and it shattered into pieces when rubbed by hand. Therefore, the excavation work was not hindered by the film.

Example 2 An experiment similar to Example 1 was conducted using mulching film B. The growing end of the ovary stalk easily penetrated the mulching film B, and high quality peanuts were obtained. ridge raising work,
There were no problems caused by the film during the excavation work.

Example 3 An experiment similar to Example 1 was conducted using Mulching Film C. The growing end of the ovary stalk easily penetrated the mulching film C, and high-quality peanuts were obtained. ridge raising work,
There were no problems caused by the film during the excavation work. In this example, planting holes were made in advance in the mulching film, but it goes without saying that these planting holes may be made after film mulching.

Comparative Example 1 An experiment similar to Example 1 was conducted using Comparative Mulching Film D. The growing end of the ovary stalk abutted against the mulching film D and could not penetrate it, but it spread across the surface of the film, but growth stopped when it grew about 5 cm, and no capsules were formed.

Comparative Example 2 An experiment similar to Example 1 was conducted using Comparative Mulching Film E. Although the growing end of the ovary stalk penetrated the mulching film E and peanuts were obtained, the film did not collapse during the digging work for autumn harvest, so the peanuts and the film became one. The film was dug up, the digging work was time consuming, and when it was cut into a cutting machine, the film got wrapped around the cutting machine's cutter blade.
Workability was poor, and cut pieces of film were scattered, polluting the environment. Additionally, when attempting to use soil protection during ridge-raising work in late July, the film became an obstacle and the work could not be completed.

[0030]

Effects of the Invention: The peanut cultivation method of the present invention uses a photodegradable resin composition as the material for the mulching film that covers the ridges, so that the film undergoes photodegradation by the flowering stage of the peanuts. However, the strength of the film is reduced to the extent that it is easily torn by the growing end of the ovary stalk, so even if a mulching film is used, there is no need to manually remove it during the flowering period, resulting in labor savings. Furthermore, since the mulching film is completely decomposed during the harvesting period, labor is saved during the harvesting process, and there is no problem with the cutting machine and no pollution caused by film fragments. Furthermore, the film will not become an obstacle to the soil protection during the ridge-raising work that takes place in late July. Moreover, the mulching film of the present invention sufficiently exhibits the heat retention effect and weed growth suppressing effect necessary for spring-sown peanuts at the early stage of cultivation.

Claims (3)

[Claims] [Claim 1] A mulching film made from a photodegradable resin is tightly coated on the ridge surface, peanut seeds are sown in the planting holes made in the mulching film, and the peanuts are allowed to grow. A method for cultivating peanuts, which comprises penetrating the ovary stalk from the above-ground side of a photo-degraded mulching film toward the underground side, and entering the underground area. 2. The peanut according to claim 1, wherein the mulching film is produced from a modified polyethylene whose main component is ethylene and carbon monoxide, or ethylene, carbon monoxide, and an ethylenically unsaturated compound copolymerized. Cultivation method. [Claim 3] A mulching film manufactured from a resin composition containing a polyolefin and both or one of a photodegradation accelerator and a transition metal compound is used.
The peanut cultivation method described.