CN111982564A - Sampling method for peanut kernels in different development periods - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sampling method for different development periods of peanut kernels, which comprises the following steps: sowing peanut varieties to be detected in the field, and managing according to the conventional field; in the full-growth period of peanut flowering, when 4-6 fruit needles which are not buried in the soil appear at the 2 nd node or the 3 rd node of each peanut, selecting the fruit needles with the length larger than 2cm for marking; after the marking of the fruit needles is finished, unified hilling is carried out at the same time, so that the marked fruit needles are completely covered; marking the date of the unified ridging as the 1 st day of the needle penetration, and taking the peanut kernel samples every 5-10 days for later use. The invention has short marking time, maintains the synchronism of pod development to the maximum extent, controls the sampling error caused by pod development difference, improves the sampling accuracy and consistency and lays a foundation for further physiological and biochemical or genetic and molecular biological researches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sampling method for different development periods of peanut kernels, belonging to the field of crop physiology and heredity.
Background
Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) are overground flowering and underground fruiting crops, and pods and seeds of the peanuts are main product organs of the peanuts, are rich in fat and protein and are main sources of edible vegetable oil and vegetable protein for human beings. Based on different market demands and processing purposes, the breeding of peanut varieties with high pod or kernel yield, high fat or protein content in the kernels and different fatty acid compositions is a main target of peanut breeding. The deep understanding of the growth and development rules of peanut pods and kernels and the accumulation rules of fat, protein and fatty acid is of great significance to the breeding of new varieties of flowers. However, the nature of underground peanut set makes it difficult to determine the stage or state of pod and kernel development, and has severely limited the progress of related research.
According to research, the reason that the peanut fruits are planted in soil and fruit is reported to be that darkness and mechanical stimulation are necessary conditions for the development of the peanut fruits. The ovary begins to expand after the peanut is inserted into the soil, and the whole process can be roughly divided into two stages, namely a pod expansion stage and a pod filling stage, from the ovary expansion to pod ripening. The pod expansion phase is divided into 3 different phases: forming young fruits in a shape of chicken head in 7-10 days; the volume of the product is increased fastest within 10-20 d; the length can be as long as the maximum limit within 20-30 days. The filling stage of the pods mainly comprises the rapid increase of the dry weight of the pods (the dry weight of the kernels), the reduction of sugar content and the remarkable increase of fat content, and the increase of the dry weight is basically stopped at about 50-60 days after the pods are planted. The difficulty of the fruit needles entering the soil is related to the position of the flowers growing on the plants. The flower has too high growing node or the stem and branch are too delicate and are easy to move when encountering wind, thereby influencing the angle of the fruit needle to the ground and ensuring that the fruit is difficult to enter the soil.
The sampling method of peanut pods and kernels in different development periods is that the former people mostly adopt a method of marking the peanut needles according to the days after flowering or the days of the peanut needles entering the soil or visually observing the shapes of the pods. As the peanut has a longer flowering period, the time from the beginning to the end of the flowering period lasts for 30-50 days, and the elongation of the fruit needles, the time of entering soil and the state of pod expansion and development of flowers in different nodes are greatly different even if the flowers bloom on the same day, so that a larger sampling error is caused. Therefore, an efficient, convenient and stable method for sampling the pods or the kernels of the peanuts in different development periods is urgently needed to be developed, and a foundation is laid for researching the development rule of the pods and the kernels of the peanuts.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for sampling peanut kernels at different development stages.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for sampling peanut kernels at different development stages comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing: sowing peanut varieties to be detected in the field, and managing according to the conventional field;
(2) marking fruit needles: in the full-growth period of peanut flowering, when 4-6 fruit needles which are not buried in the soil appear at the 2 nd node or the 3 rd node of each peanut, selecting the fruit needles with the length larger than 2cm for marking;
(3) centralized ridging: after the marking of the fruit needles is finished, unified hilling is carried out at the same time, so that the marked fruit needles are completely covered;
(4) and (3) staged sampling: marking the unified ridging date as the 1 st day of the needle penetration of the peanut, and taking the peanut kernel sample every 5-10 days for later use.
When the fruit needles are marked, binding and marking are carried out by using thin lines, and marking is completed within 1-3 days.
The staged sampling is as follows: taking peanut seed kernel samples at 10d, 20d, 30d, 40d, 50d, 60d, 70d and 80d of the soil penetrated by the peanut needles.
During sampling, selecting peanut kernels with the same size from the peanut kernels of which the marked needles normally develop into fruits, and sampling and storing.
The method is applied to research on the oleic acid accumulation rule of the peanut kernels in different development periods.
The method is applied to research on linoleic acid accumulation rules of peanut kernels in different development periods.
The method is applied to research on palmitic acid accumulation rules of peanut kernels in different development periods.
The method is applied to research on the accumulation rule of the behenic acid of the peanut kernels in different development periods.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention fully considers the characteristics of peanut needle penetration and fruit development, and overcomes the defect that the uniformity of the development period of the pods or kernels obtained by sampling is poor due to the fact that predecessors mark the peanut needles according to the days after flowering or the days of peanut needle penetration. The invention selects the 2 nd node or the 3 rd node which is buried and has more concentrated results and has been extended by more than 2cm to mark, and uniformly hills after the marking is finished, so that the extended fruit needles are buried as far as possible at the same time, the synchronism of pod development is maintained to the maximum extent, and the sampling error caused by the pod development difference is controlled.
The method disclosed by the invention concentrates on marking the fruit needles in the full period of flowering, avoids the condition that the marking flower organ damages the ovary or the marked flower ovary handle is not elongated, has short marking time (1-3d), saves the labor cost, and obviously reduces the workload, so that the method can be applied to the staged sampling of the peanut pod or seed kernel in the development period, improves the sampling accuracy and consistency, and lays a foundation for further physiological biochemistry or genetics and molecular biology research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an example of marking fruit needle plants according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of a needle labeled pod of example 1 of the present invention;
wherein: a 30d pods of Yuhua 37; b is 30d pod of Yuhua 9326; c 40d pods from kainongong 1715;
FIG. 3 shows the kernels of different peanut pins at different developmental stages after they are buried in the soil according to example 1 of the present invention;
wherein: a is Yuhua 65; b is Yuhua 9326; c is Yuhua 22; d is Yuhua 37; e is kainong 1715; in the figure, the 10 th, 20 th, 30 th, 40 th, 50 th, 60 th and 70 th peanut kernels are sequentially arranged from left to right after the peanut needles are buried;
FIG. 4 is the analysis of oleic acid content of different varieties of peanut kernels in different development stages;
FIG. 5 is the analysis of linoleic acid content of different varieties of peanut kernels in different development stages;
FIG. 6 is the analysis of the palmitic acid content of different varieties of peanut kernels in different development stages;
FIG. 7 is the content analysis of behenic acid in different development periods of different varieties of peanut kernels;
FIG. 8 is the fatty acid content analysis of the different varieties of peanut kernels of the comparative example in different development stages.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention in detail.
EXAMPLE 1 sampling of peanut kernels at different developmental stages
A method for sampling peanut kernels at different development stages comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing: respectively sowing the Yuhua 65, the Yuhua 37 and the Kangnong 1715 which are peanut varieties with high oleic acid content and the Yuhua 9326 and the Yuhua 22 which are peanut varieties with common oleic acid content in fields, and managing according to the conventional field;
(2) marking fruit needles: in the full-growth period of peanut flowering, when 4-6 fruit needles which are not buried in the soil appear at the 2 nd node or the 3 rd node of each peanut, selecting the fruit needles with the length larger than 2cm, binding and marking by using thin lines, and finishing marking within 1-3 days.
(3) Centralized ridging: after the marking of the fruit needles is finished, unified hilling is carried out at the same time, so that the marked fruit needles are completely covered;
(4) and (3) staged sampling: marking the date of the unified hilling as the 1 st day of the fruit needle burying, and then respectively sampling peanut kernels of the 10 th, 20 th, 30 th, 40 th, 50 th, 60 th, 70 th and 80 th days of the fruit needle burying; during sampling, peanut kernels with the same size are selected from the peanut kernels of which the marked needles normally develop into fruits, and the peanut kernels are sampled and stored, as shown in figures 1-3.
Example 2 fatty acid accumulation rules of peanut kernels at different developmental stages
The peanut kernel samples of different varieties of peanut kernels sampled and stored in the example 1 in different development periods are sent to an agricultural product detection center of Ministry of agriculture (Zhengzhou), the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and behenic acid are respectively measured, and each sample is repeated for 3 times, so that the result shows that the variation coefficient among the 3 repetitions in different development periods of different varieties is small, and the sampling error is effectively controlled (as shown in the table 1). The dynamic accumulation curves of the different varieties of peanut kernels in different development periods for analyzing the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and behenic acid are shown in figures 4-7.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the accumulation rules of oleic acid of the high-oleic-acid-content Yuhua 65, Yuhua 37 and Kangnong 1715 varieties are relatively consistent, wherein the rapid accumulation period of the oleic acid content is 10-40 days after the fruit needles are buried, the oleic acid content is relatively stable and is maintained at about 75-80%, and the fruit needles enter the plateau period; the accumulation rules of oleic acid of the ordinary varieties Yuhua 9326 and Yuhua 22 with oleic acid content are consistent, wherein the rapid accumulation period of the oleic acid content is 10-30 days after the fruit needles are buried, the linoleic acid content is relatively stable and is maintained at about 35-40%, and the fruit needles enter a platform period.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the accumulation laws of linoleic acid of the high oleic acid content varieties Yuhua 65, Yuhua 37 and Kangnong 1715 are relatively consistent, wherein 10-40 days after the fruit needles are buried are the period of rapid decrease of the content of linoleic acid, and then the period enters the plateau period; the change rules of the linoleic acid of the ordinary varieties Yuhua 9326 and Yuhua 22 with oleic acid content are relatively consistent and are always relatively stable.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the accumulation laws of palmitic acid of the high oleic acid content Yuhua 65, Yuhua 37 and Kangnong 1715 varieties are relatively consistent, wherein 10-30 days after the fruit needles are buried are the rapid decrease period of the palmitic acid content, and then the palmitic acid content is relatively stable and is maintained at about 7-9%, and the fruit needles enter the plateau period; the accumulation rules of palmitic acid of common varieties Yuhua 9326 and Yuhua 22 with oleic acid content are consistent, wherein 10-20 days after the fruit needles are buried is a period for rapidly reducing the palmitic acid content, and then the palmitic acid content is maintained at about 12-15% and enters a platform period.
As can be seen from FIG. 7, the accumulation rules of the behenic acid of the Yuhua 65, Yuhua 37 and Kangnong 1715 varieties with high oleic acid content are consistent with those of the Yuhua 9326 and Yuhua 22 varieties with ordinary oleic acid content, wherein 10-20d after the fruit is inserted into the soil is a period of rapid rise of the behenic acid content, 20-40 d is a period of rapid fall of the behenic acid content, 40-60 d is a period of slow fall of the behenic acid content, and then 60d is a period of relatively stable behenic acid content, which is maintained at about 2-3%, and the Yuhua enters a plateau period.
As can be seen from FIGS. 4-7, the trends of the dynamic accumulation curves of oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and behenic acid are stable, the curves are smooth, the curves of the same varieties (high oleic acid content peanut varieties Yuhua 65, Yuhua 37 and Kangnong 1715; common oleic acid content peanut varieties Yuhua 9326 and Yuhua 22) have high similarity and good consistency, the curve characteristics of the different varieties are obvious, no abnormal inflection point appears in the dynamic accumulation curves, and the sampling error is small.
Comparative example 1
Respectively sowing high-oil peanut seed flower U606 and common oil-content peanut seed flower 17 in the field, dividing peanut kernels into 8 different development stages (10 d, 20d, 30d, 40d, 50d, 60d, 70d and 80d after the peanut needles are buried) in the pod development process according to the peanut needle burying time, sampling for 3 times in each development stage, storing for later use, and determining the fatty acid content in the peanut kernels in different stages. (see specifically: Wang Queen et al. peanut seed development and germination period fatty acid accumulation and degradation mode. Chinese oil crop Proc., 2017), the results are shown in FIG. 8 (original document FIG. 2).
As can be seen from FIG. 8, the fatty acid content curves of the peanut kernels at different development stages are not smooth and have more folds, which indicates that the sampling period has larger error, resulting in poor uniformity of the sample. Particularly, in the sampling period of 60d, obvious errors exist, and the accumulation curves of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and behenic acid all have abnormal inflection points. As can be seen from FIGS. 4-7, the curves obtained by the sampling method of the present invention are smooth, no abnormal inflection point appears, the trends of the same varieties are consistent, and the differences among the varieties of different types are obvious, which indicates that the sampling method of the present invention has small sampling error and representative sampling period.
Claims (8)
1. A sampling method for peanut kernels in different development periods is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sowing: sowing peanut varieties to be detected in the field, and managing according to the conventional field;
(2) marking fruit needles: in the full-growth period of peanut flowering, when 4-6 fruit needles which are not buried in the soil appear at the 2 nd node or the 3 rd node of each peanut, selecting the fruit needles with the length larger than 2cm for marking;
(3) centralized ridging: after the marking of the fruit needles is finished, unified hilling is carried out at the same time, so that the marked fruit needles are completely covered;
(4) and (3) staged sampling: marking the unified ridging date as the 1 st day of the needle penetration of the peanut, and taking the peanut kernel sample every 5-10 days for later use.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the marking of the fruit needles is performed by binding with a thin thread and is performed within 1 to 3 days.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the phased samples are: taking peanut seed kernel samples at 10d, 20d, 30d, 40d, 50d, 60d, 70d and 80d of the soil penetrated by the peanut needles.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the peanut kernels are selected from the peanut kernels that normally develop into fruits from the marked needles during sampling, and the samples are stored.
5. Use of a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in the study of the accumulation of oleic acid in different stages of development of a peanut kernel.
6. Use of a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in the study of the accumulation law of linoleic acid in different stages of development of a peanut kernel.
7. Use of a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in the study of the accumulation of palmitic acid in different stages of development of a peanut kernel.
8. Use of a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in the study of the accumulation of behenic acid in different stages of peanut kernel development.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04222525A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-08-12 | Nippon Unicar Co Ltd | Cultivation of peanut |
| CN204443281U (en) * | 2014-12-21 | 2015-07-08 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of device for observing single peanut pod grow |
| CN109169261A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-11 | 驻马店市农业科学院 | A kind of peanut hybridization breeding marking method |
| US20190357455A1 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2019-11-28 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Plants and methods for high density plant production |
-
2020
- 2020-08-27 CN CN202010876548.8A patent/CN111982564A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04222525A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-08-12 | Nippon Unicar Co Ltd | Cultivation of peanut |
| CN204443281U (en) * | 2014-12-21 | 2015-07-08 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of device for observing single peanut pod grow |
| US20190357455A1 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2019-11-28 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Plants and methods for high density plant production |
| CN109169261A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-11 | 驻马店市农业科学院 | A kind of peanut hybridization breeding marking method |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
| Title |
|---|
| 侯风坤: "花生籽仁皱缩变异品系激素变化原因研究", 《农业科技辑》 * |
| 刘洪明等: "鲜食花生适宜收获期与速冻加工工艺研究", 《山东农业科学》 * |
| 吕春晖等: "花生人工杂交授粉技术", 《山西农业(致富科技)》 * |
| 封海胜: "花生的生长发育与气候条件", 《花生科技》 * |
| 张佳蕾等: "不同品质类型花生籽仁脂肪酸积累规律研究", 《花生学报》 * |
| 王才斌等: "高产花生叶片和荚果碳氮化合物代谢规律的研究", 《莱阳农学院学报》 * |
| 王铭伦等: "DPC对花生荚果及种子发育过程中内源激素水平的影响", 《花生科技》 * |
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Application publication date: 20201124 |