JPH0371220B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0371220B2
JPH0371220B2 JP8630183A JP8630183A JPH0371220B2 JP H0371220 B2 JPH0371220 B2 JP H0371220B2 JP 8630183 A JP8630183 A JP 8630183A JP 8630183 A JP8630183 A JP 8630183A JP H0371220 B2 JPH0371220 B2 JP H0371220B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
welding
molten pool
image
arc
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP8630183A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS59212172A (en
Inventor
Ikuo Wakamoto
Koichi Wada
Yukio Manabe
Shigeo Inoe
Masaaki Momose
Hideki Kiko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ryomei Engineering Co Ltd
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Ryomei Engineering Co Ltd
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ryomei Engineering Co Ltd, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Ryomei Engineering Co Ltd
Priority to JP8630183A priority Critical patent/JPS59212172A/en
Publication of JPS59212172A publication Critical patent/JPS59212172A/en
Publication of JPH0371220B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0371220B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/095Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
    • B23K9/0956Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters using sensing means, e.g. optical

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding Control (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、アーク溶接を自動的に行なうための
溶接の制御方法に関する。 アーク溶接を自動的におこなう場合溶接位置を
検知すセンサが必要であるが、溶接アークによる
熱、光、スパツタおよびヒユームのため、使用可
能なセンサに制限がある。これらセンサのうち光
学式のものは溶接位置か距離を離して設置できる
ので溶接用センサとして有望視されている。しか
し光学式センサは、テレビカメラで溶接アークを
撮像する際、溶接アークからの光量が多いため、
アークのみ撮像されその他のトーチ近傍の溶融
池、溶接ワイヤ、トーチ等の情報は得られない。 このことからテレビカメラのレンズの絞りを開
放するか、あるいは電気的にテレビカメラの感度
を高めて溶融池等を撮像することが考えられる
が、撮像管が損傷するか、焼付を起こすなどして
しまう問題がある。このため従来は、テレビカメ
ラにより溶接位置を撮像して溶接条件を制御する
ことは行なわれていなかつた。 そこで本発明者は溶接アークと溶融池との光ス
ペクトル分布の差を分光測定した結果、第1図に
示すように、それぞれの分布に特性があり、1.2
〜1.6μmの波長の光のみを取出すことにより、溶
融池の情報を得られることがわかつた。 ここで、1.2〜16μmと限定したのは以下の理由
による。 すなわち、溶融池とは溶融した鉄の部分である
ため、その温度は鉄の融点(1535℃)以上であ
る。 アーク光と溶融池光の光強度の比較を第1図に
示しているが、数値によりアーク光と溶融池光と
の比を示せば以下のようになる。
The present invention relates to a welding control method for automatically performing arc welding. When performing arc welding automatically, a sensor is required to detect the welding position, but there are limits to the sensors that can be used because of the heat, light, spatter, and fume caused by the welding arc. Among these sensors, optical sensors are considered promising as welding sensors because they can be installed at a distance from the welding position. However, when using optical sensors to image the welding arc with a TV camera, the amount of light from the welding arc is large, so
Only the arc is imaged, and other information such as the molten pool, welding wire, and torch near the torch cannot be obtained. From this, it is possible to image the molten pool by opening the aperture of the TV camera lens or electrically increasing the sensitivity of the TV camera, but this may damage the image pickup tube or cause burn-in. There is a problem with it. For this reason, conventionally, it has not been done to control the welding conditions by imaging the welding position with a television camera. Therefore, as a result of spectroscopic measurement of the difference in optical spectrum distribution between the welding arc and the molten pool, the inventor found that each distribution has characteristics as shown in Figure 1.
It was found that information on the molten pool could be obtained by extracting only light with a wavelength of ~1.6 μm. Here, the reason why the thickness is limited to 1.2 to 16 μm is as follows. That is, since the molten pool is a portion of molten iron, its temperature is higher than the melting point of iron (1535° C.). A comparison of the light intensities of the arc light and the molten pool light is shown in FIG. 1, and the ratio of the arc light and the molten pool light can be expressed numerically as follows.

【表】 ここではアーク光温度を5000K、溶融池温度を
1808Kとしてプランクの輻射式により計算したも
のである。 よつて、波長1.2μm以上であれば、アーク光/
溶融池光が100以下となり影響を受けにくい。 また長波長側については、波長が長いほどアー
ク光/溶融池光が低くなるために有利と考えられ
るが、本計算式は1808K溶融池の最低温度である
ため、通常溶融池温度はそれ以上である。 よつて、溶融池の光スペクトルは、1.2〜1.6μm
にピークを有すると考えられる(1808Kのピーク
波長は1.6μmである)。 また本発明では、溶融池と母材(溶融していな
い部分)との境界を見分けることが重要である
が、長波長側(1.6μm以上)では、その差が少な
くなるため不利である。 以上の理由により本発明では1.2〜1.6μmの範囲
の赤外光を利用して溶接条件制御をおこなうもの
である。 本発明は、この知見にもとづいてなされたもの
で、その目的とするところは、溶接部溶融池の画
像を1.2〜1.6μmの赤外線のみを通す赤外線用フイ
ルタを介して赤外線テレビカメラに撮像し、この
画像を画像処理後演算処理して、溶接電流、溶接
電圧、溶接速度、トーチ位置等と自動的に制御す
る溶接制御方法を得んとするものである。 以下本発明を図示する実施例を参照して説明す
る。 第2図に示すように、溶接トーチ1の前方又は
後方に1.2〜1.6μmの赤外線のみを通す赤外線用フ
イルタ2を付けた赤外線テレビカメラ3を配置
し、このテレビカメラ3で溶融池4及び溶接アー
ク5を斜め上方から撮像する。このことによりア
ーク光の強度の高い部分は、第1図から明らかな
ようにカツトされる。そしてこのテレビカメラ3
からの映像信号を画像処理装置6により二値化画
像処理する。この処理により、画像は第3図に示
すように溶融池4による輝度の高い白色部分7
と、その他の黒色部分8とに分れる、ついで二値
化画像を、演算処理装置9で演算処理し、白色部
分7の水平方向の最大幅Wを放出する。そしてこ
の幅Wが一定となるよう溶接電源10にフイード
バツクし、溶接電流、溶接速度を制御し、ビード
幅を一定に制御する。あるいは第3図の白色部分
7の面積を一定に保つように溶接条件をフイード
バツクする。 次に本発明の他の実施例につき説明する。すみ
肉溶接を行なう際、第4図に示すように溶融池4
を1.2〜1.6μmの赤外線のみを通す赤外線用フイル
タ2を付けた赤外線テレビカメラ3で撮像し、画
像処理装置6で二値化処理する。この処理によ
り、画像は第5図に示すように白色部分7と黒色
部分8とが生じる。次いでこの二値化画像を演算
処理装置9で演算処理し、水平方向の最大幅W1
と垂直方向の最大幅W2とを検出し、これら幅が
一定になるように溶接電源10にフイードバツク
し、溶接電流、溶接速度を制御し、ビード幅を一
定に制御する。 以上の如く本発明によれば、1.2〜1.6μmの赤外
線のみを取り出すので、溶融池の画像を得ること
ができ、この画像にもとづいて容易に溶接条件を
自動制御することができる。
[Table] Here, the arc light temperature is 5000K, and the molten pool temperature is
It is calculated using Planck's radiation equation as 1808K. Therefore, if the wavelength is 1.2μm or more, arc light/
The molten pool light is less than 100 and is not easily affected. Regarding the long wavelength side, it is considered advantageous because the longer the wavelength, the lower the arc light/molten pool light, but since this calculation formula is the lowest temperature of the 1808K molten pool, the molten pool temperature is usually not higher than that. be. Therefore, the optical spectrum of the molten pool is 1.2 to 1.6 μm.
(The peak wavelength of 1808K is 1.6 μm). Further, in the present invention, it is important to distinguish the boundary between the molten pool and the base material (unfused portion), but it is disadvantageous on the long wavelength side (1.6 μm or more) because the difference becomes small. For the above reasons, the present invention uses infrared light in the range of 1.2 to 1.6 μm to control welding conditions. The present invention was made based on this knowledge, and its purpose is to capture an image of the molten pool in the weld zone using an infrared television camera through an infrared filter that passes only infrared rays of 1.2 to 1.6 μm. The purpose is to obtain a welding control method that automatically controls welding current, welding voltage, welding speed, torch position, etc. by performing image processing and arithmetic processing on this image. The present invention will be described below with reference to illustrative embodiments. As shown in FIG. 2, an infrared television camera 3 equipped with an infrared filter 2 that passes only infrared rays of 1.2 to 1.6 μm is placed in front or behind the welding torch 1, and this television camera 3 is used to detect the molten pool 4 and the welding process. The arc 5 is imaged from diagonally above. As a result, the high-intensity portion of the arc light is cut off, as is clear from FIG. And this TV camera 3
The image processing device 6 performs binarized image processing on the video signal from the . Through this process, the image is transformed into a white part 7 with high brightness due to the molten pool 4, as shown in FIG.
The binarized image is then divided into a black portion 8 and a black portion 8, and is then subjected to arithmetic processing by an arithmetic processing unit 9, and the maximum width W in the horizontal direction of the white portion 7 is released. Feedback is then sent to the welding power source 10 to control the welding current and welding speed so that the width W is constant, thereby controlling the bead width to be constant. Alternatively, the welding conditions are fed back so that the area of the white portion 7 in FIG. 3 is kept constant. Next, other embodiments of the present invention will be described. When performing fillet welding, the molten pool 4 is
is imaged by an infrared television camera 3 equipped with an infrared filter 2 that passes only infrared rays of 1.2 to 1.6 μm, and binarized by an image processing device 6. As a result of this processing, a white portion 7 and a black portion 8 are generated in the image as shown in FIG. Next, this binarized image is subjected to arithmetic processing by the arithmetic processing unit 9, and the maximum horizontal width W 1
and the maximum width W2 in the vertical direction are detected, and feedback is sent to the welding power source 10 so that these widths are constant, the welding current and welding speed are controlled, and the bead width is controlled to be constant. As described above, according to the present invention, since only infrared rays of 1.2 to 1.6 μm are extracted, an image of the molten pool can be obtained, and welding conditions can be easily automatically controlled based on this image.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図はアーク光及び溶融池における波長と強
度との関係を示す特性図、第2図は本発明方法の
一例を示す説明図、第3図は同方法で得られた二
値化画像の概略図、第4図は本発明方法の他の例
を示す説明図、第5図は同方法で得られた二値化
画像の概略図である。 1…溶接トーチ、2…赤外線用フイルタ、3…
赤外線テレビカメラ、4…溶融池、5…溶接アー
ク、6…画像処理装置、7…白色部分、8…黒色
部分、9…演算処理装置、10…溶接電源。
Figure 1 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between wavelength and intensity in arc light and the molten pool, Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the method of the present invention, and Figure 3 is a binarized image obtained by the same method. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the method of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a binarized image obtained by the same method. 1...Welding torch, 2...Infrared filter, 3...
Infrared television camera, 4... Molten pool, 5... Welding arc, 6... Image processing device, 7... White part, 8... Black part, 9... Arithmetic processing unit, 10... Welding power source.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 溶接部溶融池の画像を1.2〜1.6μmの赤外線の
みを通す赤外線用フイルタを介して赤外線テレビ
カメラに撮像し、この画像を画像処理後演算処理
して溶接条件を制御することを特徴とする溶接の
制御方法。
1 An image of the molten pool in the weld zone is captured by an infrared television camera through an infrared filter that passes only infrared rays of 1.2 to 1.6 μm, and this image is image-processed and then subjected to arithmetic processing to control welding conditions. Welding control method.
JP8630183A 1983-05-17 1983-05-17 Controlling method of welding Granted JPS59212172A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8630183A JPS59212172A (en) 1983-05-17 1983-05-17 Controlling method of welding

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8630183A JPS59212172A (en) 1983-05-17 1983-05-17 Controlling method of welding

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59212172A JPS59212172A (en) 1984-12-01
JPH0371220B2 true JPH0371220B2 (en) 1991-11-12

Family

ID=13883009

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP8630183A Granted JPS59212172A (en) 1983-05-17 1983-05-17 Controlling method of welding

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59212172A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6117366A (en) * 1984-07-03 1986-01-25 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method and device for automatic welding
CN104014905A (en) * 2014-06-06 2014-09-03 哈尔滨工业大学 Observation device and method of three-dimensional shape of molten pool in GTAW welding process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59212172A (en) 1984-12-01

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