JPH0369494B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0369494B2
JPH0369494B2 JP58053894A JP5389483A JPH0369494B2 JP H0369494 B2 JPH0369494 B2 JP H0369494B2 JP 58053894 A JP58053894 A JP 58053894A JP 5389483 A JP5389483 A JP 5389483A JP H0369494 B2 JPH0369494 B2 JP H0369494B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
particle size
average particle
feed
roughage
crushed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP58053894A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS59179035A (en
Inventor
Nobuyoshi Kimura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nisshin Seifun Group Inc
Original Assignee
Nisshin Seifun Group Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nisshin Seifun Group Inc filed Critical Nisshin Seifun Group Inc
Priority to JP58053894A priority Critical patent/JPS59179035A/en
Publication of JPS59179035A publication Critical patent/JPS59179035A/en
Publication of JPH0369494B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0369494B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Landscapes

  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、反芻動物のルーメン内発酵不全を防
止した固形飼料に関する。 従来、反芻動物の飼育に当つて濃厚飼料のみに
よると繊維質の不足によりルーメン内の発酵不全
をきたし、発酵ガスの発生量が多くなつて発育不
全や鼓脹症などを生ずる弊害がある。この対策と
して濃厚飼料と粗飼料を同時に給餌するのが通例
であつたがこの場合反芻動物の嗜好の関係から粗
飼料を充分に自由摂取させることは困難である。
しかも有用反芻動物の飼養においては単一種類の
飼料給餌が理想的であるが前述したような濃厚飼
料および粗飼料を混合して機械給餌すると機械で
の移送中に両者が分離して均一な給餌ができな
い。 本発明者らは濃厚飼料および粗飼料の均一且つ
機械的な給餌について検討したところ、意外にも
特定の粗飼料と濃厚飼料とから粗飼料含有成形固
形飼料とすることによつて前記問題の解決に成功
した。すなわち本発明によれば、粉砕されたコー
ンコブ(corn cobs)および/または粉砕された
バガス(bagasse)である平均粒径1.0mm以上の粗
飼料小割合(全飼料組成重量の10〜40重量%)を
濃厚飼料の大割合(全飼料組成重量の60〜90重量
%)と組合せて成形固形化することにより反芻動
物用固形飼料が提供されるものである。 従来粗飼料としては稲わら、麦わら、もみが
ら、おがくず、大麦外皮、綿実穀、大豆皮、栗
皮、バーク(樹脂)等も知られているがこれらは
粗飼料含有固形飼料形成に不適合であり、コーン
コブおよびバガスの粉砕物のみが特異的に濃厚飼
料と組合せて本発明の目的とする固形飼料とする
ことができる。 本発明において粗飼料成分として使用されるコ
ーンコブはとうもろこしの種実を収穫するときに
副生物として生ずる穂軸であつて一般には家畜の
敷料として利用されており、また別の粗飼料成分
たるバガスは砂糖きびから糖汁を搾出した粕であ
つて一般には燃料および合板原料として利用され
ている。これらコーンコブおよびバガスは本発明
の粗飼料成分として使用するには0.5〜30mmの切
断長さ範囲においてできるだけ粗いものがよい。
そしてこの粗飼料成分は平均粒径1.0mm以上のも
のはそのまま使用してもよいが、1.0mm以下のも
のは予めペレツト化等により成形して平均粒径
1.0mm以上として使用する。これらは固形飼料組
成物中で全重量の10〜40重量%の範囲で濃厚飼料
と組合される。コーンコブおよびバガスの大きさ
が平均粒径1.0mm以下であつたりまたその含有割
合が前記範囲より実質的に逸脱する場合には適正
な大きさの固形飼料にすることができなかつた
り、動物の嗜好性が低下するのみでなく、ルーメ
ン内における発酵不全の充分な防止が期待できな
い。 コーンコブおよびバガスを含有せしめる濃厚飼
料は反芻動物に通常使用するものであれば特に限
定されるものではない。そして前記の粗飼料は、
場合によつては平均粒径1.0mm以上に予め成形し、
濃厚飼料と混合して次いで成形される。この際濃
厚飼料も適宜成形して使用してもよい。成形はパ
レツトミルなどを使用し、通常の方法でペレツト
またはクランブル等の形とする。成形された固形
飼料の平均粒径は1.0〜5.0mmとするのが適当であ
る。本発明でいう「平均粒径」は次のようにして
決定されたものである。すなわち、目開き寸法が
上段より5.66mm、3.36mm、2.38mm、1.19mm、0.59
mm、0.35mmおよび0.25mmの7個のJIS規格の篩
(JIS 28801−1966)および同様の受皿を組合わせ
た電磁式ミクロ型篩振盪器〔筒井理化学器機(株)
製〕でサンプルを10分間ふるい、各篩上の百分率
に目開き寸法を乗じた積および受皿上の百分率に
0.149mmを乗じた積を加算し、得られた和を100で
除して平均粒径単位(mm)とする。 本発明の固形飼料は繊維質の含量が高く、また
反芻動物の嗜好性も良好であり、ルーメン内での
発酵不全を効果的に防止することができる。 本発明をさらに具体的に示すために、以下に試
験例および実施例を挙げて説明する。 試験例 固形飼料の調製 (1) 粗砕きとうもろこし35%、粗砕き大麦10%、
粗砕きマイロ20%、小麦粉10%、〓8%、脱脂
米糠3%、菜種油粕8%、糖蜜4%、食塩0.5
%およびビタミン、ミネラル混合物1.5%を配
合した平均粒径2.0mmの濃厚飼料に、破砕片長
さ0.5〜2.0mm(平均粒径2.0mm)のコーンコブお
よびバガスをそれぞれ10%、20%および40%の
割合で混合して、得られた平均粒径2.0mmの飼
料組成物を直径6mm、長さ12mmのペレツトに成
形した。 (2) また破砕片長さ0.5〜23mmのコーンコブを平
均粒径1.0mm、3.0mmおよび5.0mmに予め調整ない
しは成形してそれを前記1と同組成で平均粒径
0.5mmの濃厚飼料に、粗飼料成分が20%含まれ
るように混合して飼料組成物を調製し、次いで
直径6mm、長さ12mmのペレツトに成形した。 (3) 比較のために、コーンコブおよびバガスそれ
ぞれを濃厚飼料に5%の割合で含有せしめる他
は前記(1)と同様にしてペレツトを成形した。 また、平均粒径0.5mmのコーンコブを20%含
有するように濃厚飼料と混合する他は前記(2)ど
同様にしてペレツトを成形した。 さらに、コーンコブおよびバガスの代りに破
砕片長さ0.5〜10mm(平均粒径2.0mm)のビート
パルプ、〓、サイトラスパルプおよびアルフア
ルフア乾草を濃厚飼料にそれぞれ20%の割合で
含有せしめた以外は前記(1)と同様にしてペレツ
トを成形した。 (4) 対照として前記(1)で用いた濃厚飼料のみを使
用して前記(1)と同じ大きさのペレツトに成形し
た。 試験方法 前記のようにして得られたペレツトを平均体重
450Kgの乳用種去勢牛を用いてルーメン内におけ
る発酵ガス発生試験を行なつた。 すなわち前記の各ペレツトを試験牛3頭に常時
採食せしめ、2週間後に経口カテーテルでルーメ
ン液を採取し、ルーメン発酵不全の指標となる泡
沫の発生量をD.Jacobsonの方法〔「J.Animal
Science」第16巻第515頁(1957)〕で測定した。
次にその試験結果を示せば第1表のとおりであ
る。
The present invention relates to a solid feed that prevents ruminal fermentation failure of ruminants. Conventionally, when raising ruminants, feeding only concentrated feed causes malfermentation in the rumen due to lack of fiber, which increases the amount of fermentation gas produced, resulting in problems such as stunted growth and bloat. As a countermeasure to this problem, it has been customary to feed concentrate and roughage at the same time, but in this case, it is difficult to allow ruminants to freely ingest roughage due to their preferences.
In addition, feeding a single type of feed is ideal in raising useful ruminants, but if the concentrate feed and roughage are mixed and fed mechanically, the two will separate during mechanical transfer, making it impossible to feed uniformly. Can not. The present inventors investigated the uniform and mechanical feeding of concentrated feed and roughage, and surprisingly succeeded in solving the above problem by creating roughage-containing molded solid feed from specific roughage and concentrate. . That is, according to the present invention, a small proportion (10 to 40% by weight of the total feed composition weight) of roughage with an average particle size of 1.0 mm or more is crushed corn cobs and/or crushed bagasse. A solid feed for ruminants is provided by combining it with a large proportion of concentrate feed (60 to 90% by weight of the total feed composition weight) and solidifying it. Rice straw, wheat straw, rice husks, sawdust, barley hulls, cottonseed grains, soybean hulls, chestnut hulls, bark (resin), etc. are conventionally known as roughage, but these are not suitable for forming solid feed containing roughage. Only ground corn cob and bagasse can be specifically combined with concentrates to form solid feeds for the purpose of the present invention. Corn cobs used as a roughage ingredient in the present invention are cobs produced as a by-product when corn kernels are harvested, and are generally used as bedding for livestock, and bagasse, another roughage ingredient, is made from sugar cane. The lees from which the juice has been squeezed out is generally used as fuel and as a raw material for plywood. These corncobs and bagasse should preferably be as coarse as possible within the cutting length range of 0.5 to 30 mm for use as roughage ingredients in the present invention.
If this roughage ingredient has an average particle size of 1.0 mm or more, it may be used as is, but if it is less than 1.0 mm, it must be formed into pellets beforehand and the average particle size
Use as 1.0mm or more. These are combined with concentrates in the solid feed composition in the range of 10-40% by weight of the total weight. If the average particle size of corn cob and bagasse is less than 1.0 mm, or if the content ratio substantially deviates from the above range, it may not be possible to make solid feed of an appropriate size, or the animal's taste may be affected. Not only does this result in a decrease in performance, but also sufficient prevention of fermentation failure within the rumen cannot be expected. The concentrate feed containing corn cob and bagasse is not particularly limited as long as it is commonly used for ruminants. And the roughage mentioned above is
In some cases, it is preformed to an average particle size of 1.0 mm or more,
It is mixed with concentrate and then shaped. At this time, the concentrated feed may also be appropriately formed and used. For molding, use a pallet mill or the like and form pellets or crumbles in the usual manner. It is appropriate that the average particle size of the shaped solid feed is 1.0 to 5.0 mm. The "average particle size" as used in the present invention is determined as follows. In other words, the opening dimensions are 5.66mm, 3.36mm, 2.38mm, 1.19mm, and 0.59mm from the upper row.
Electromagnetic micro-type sieve shaker that combines seven JIS standard sieves (JIS 28801-1966) of mm, 0.35 mm, and 0.25 mm and a similar tray [Tsutsui Rikagaku Kiki Co., Ltd.]
Sieve the sample for 10 minutes using a sieve for 10 minutes, and calculate the product of the percentage on each sieve multiplied by the opening size and the percentage on the saucer.
Add the products multiplied by 0.149 mm and divide the resulting sum by 100 to obtain the average particle size unit (mm). The solid feed of the present invention has a high fiber content, has good palatability to ruminants, and can effectively prevent fermentation failure in the rumen. In order to demonstrate the present invention more specifically, the present invention will be described below with reference to Test Examples and Examples. Test example Preparation of solid feed (1) 35% coarsely crushed corn, 10% coarsely crushed barley,
20% coarsely crushed milo, 10% wheat flour, 8%, defatted rice bran 3%, rapeseed oil cake 8%, molasses 4%, salt 0.5
Corn cob and bagasse with a crushed piece length of 0.5 to 2.0 mm (average particle size 2.0 mm) were added to a concentrate feed with an average particle size of 2.0 mm containing 1.5% of vitamin and mineral mixtures at concentrations of 10%, 20% and 40%, respectively. The resulting feed composition with an average particle size of 2.0 mm was formed into pellets with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 12 mm. (2) In addition, crushed pieces of corn cob with a length of 0.5 to 23 mm are adjusted or formed in advance to have an average particle size of 1.0 mm, 3.0 mm, or 5.0 mm, and then the same composition as in 1 above is prepared with an average particle size of 1.0 mm, 3.0 mm, or 5.0 mm.
A feed composition was prepared by mixing 0.5 mm of concentrate to contain 20% roughage ingredients, and then molded into pellets with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 12 mm. (3) For comparison, pellets were formed in the same manner as in (1) above, except that corn cob and bagasse were each added to the concentrate feed at a ratio of 5%. Further, pellets were formed in the same manner as in (2) above, except that corn cobs with an average particle size of 0.5 mm were mixed with concentrate feed to contain 20%. Furthermore, in place of corn cob and bagasse, beet pulp with a crushed piece length of 0.5 to 10 mm (average particle size 2.0 mm), citrus pulp, and alpha alpha hay were each added to the concentrate feed at a rate of 20%. Pellets were formed in the same manner as in (1). (4) As a control, pellets of the same size as in (1) were formed using only the concentrate feed used in (1) above. Test method The pellets obtained as described above were
A fermentation gas generation test in the rumen was conducted using a 450 kg dairy steer. That is, each of the above pellets was constantly fed to three test cows, rumen fluid was collected with an oral catheter two weeks later, and the amount of foam produced, which is an indicator of rumen fermentation failure, was measured using the D. Jacobson method ["J. Animal
Science, Vol. 16, p. 515 (1957)].
Next, the test results are shown in Table 1.

【表】 ◎=同5%未満

実施例 1 破砕片長と1.0〜15.0mm(平均粒径6.0mm)のコ
ーンコブ20%、平均粒径2.2mmの粗砕き大麦26%、
同2.0mmの粗砕きとうもろこし25%、同0.1mmの小
麦粉(末粉)10%、同0.53mmの〓8%、同0.54mm
の大豆粕5%、糖蜜4%、炭酸カルシウム1.4%、
食塩0.5%およびビタミン・ミネラル混合物0.1%
を均一に混合した後(平均粒径2.35mm)、ペレツ
トミル(カリフオルニア・ペレツト・ミル社製
品)に供給し、スチームで5%の加水を行い直径
6mm、長さ12mmの固形飼料を得た。 実施例 2 破砕片長さ1.0〜30.0mm(平均粒径7.0mm)のコ
ーンコブ10%、平均粒径2.1mmの粗砕き大麦30%、
同2.2mmの粗砕きとうもろこし30%、同0.53mmの
〓15%、同0.42mmの綿実粕4%、同0.47mmの菜種
粕3%、糖蜜5%、尿素0.5%、食塩0.7%、炭酸
カルシウム1.5%、燐酸カルシウム0.2%およびビ
タミン・ミネラル混合物0.1%を均一に混合した
後(平均粒径1.96mm)、実施例1のペレツトミル
に供給し、スチームで3%加水を行い直径8mm、
長さ15mmの固形飼料を得た。 実施例 3 破砕片長さ2.0〜10.0mm(平均粒径5.5mm)のコ
ーンコブ30%、破砕片長さ0.5〜15.0mm(平均粒
径4.3mm)のバガス10%、粒径0.6mmの粉砕大麦20
%、同0.63mmの粉砕とうもろこし20%、同0.53mm
の〓5%、同0.54mmの大豆粕10%、糖蜜3.5%、
食塩0.7%、炭酸カルシウム0.5%、燐酸カルシウ
ム0.2%およびビタミン・ミネラル混合物0.1%を
均一に混合した後(平均粒径2.43mm)、ペレツト
ミルに供給し、スチームで5%加水を行つて直径
6mm、長さ12mmの固形飼料を得た。 実施例 4 破砕片長さ0.5〜15.0mm(平均粒径4.3mm)のバ
ガス15%、粒径0.56mmの粉砕とうもろこし20%、
同0.52mmの粉砕マイクロ20%、同0.5mmの粉砕大
麦14%、同0.51mmの〓13%、同0.48mmの脱脂米糠
5%、同0.42mmの綿実粕6%、糖蜜5%、炭酸カ
ルシウム1.4%、食塩0.5%およびビタミン・ミネ
ラル混合物0.1%を均一に混合した後(平均粒径
1.05mm)、ペレツトミル(ビユーラー社製)に供
給し、スチームで3%加水を行い直径8mm、長さ
15mmの固形飼料を得た。
[Table] ◎=Less than 5%.
Example 1 20% corn cob with crushed piece length and 1.0 to 15.0 mm (average grain size 6.0 mm), 26% coarsely crushed barley with average grain size 2.2 mm,
25% coarsely crushed corn with a diameter of 2.0 mm, 10% flour (powder) with a diameter of 0.1 mm, 8% with a diameter of 0.53 mm, and 8% with a diameter of 0.54 mm.
Soybean meal 5%, molasses 4%, calcium carbonate 1.4%,
Salt 0.5% and vitamin/mineral mixture 0.1%
After uniformly mixing (average particle size 2.35 mm), the mixture was fed to a pellet mill (manufactured by California Pellet Mill), and 5% water was added with steam to obtain a solid feed with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 12 mm. Example 2 10% corn cob with a crushed piece length of 1.0 to 30.0 mm (average grain size 7.0 mm), 30% coarsely crushed barley with an average grain size of 2.1 mm,
30% coarsely crushed corn of 2.2 mm, 15% of 0.53 mm, 4% cottonseed meal of 0.42 mm, 3% rapeseed meal of 0.47 mm, 5% molasses, 0.5% urea, 0.7% salt, carbonic acid. After uniformly mixing 1.5% calcium, 0.2% calcium phosphate, and 0.1% vitamin/mineral mixture (average particle size 1.96 mm), it was fed to the pellet mill of Example 1, and 3% water was added with steam to form a pellet with a diameter of 8 mm.
A chow with a length of 15 mm was obtained. Example 3 30% corn cob with crushed piece length 2.0-10.0 mm (average particle size 5.5 mm), 10% bagasse with crushed piece length 0.5-15.0 mm (average particle size 4.3 mm), crushed barley 20 with particle size 0.6 mm
%, 0.63mm crushed corn 20%, 0.53mm
5%, 0.54mm soybean meal 10%, molasses 3.5%,
After uniformly mixing 0.7% of common salt, 0.5% of calcium carbonate, 0.2% of calcium phosphate, and 0.1% of a vitamin/mineral mixture (average particle size: 2.43 mm), it was fed to a pellet mill, and 5% of water was added with steam to form a pellet with a diameter of 6 mm. A chow with a length of 12 mm was obtained. Example 4 15% bagasse with a crushed piece length of 0.5 to 15.0 mm (average particle size 4.3 mm), 20% crushed corn with a particle size of 0.56 mm,
0.52mm milled micro 20%, 0.5mm milled barley 14%, 0.51mm milled 13%, 0.48mm defatted rice bran 5%, 0.42mm cottonseed meal 6%, molasses 5%, carbonic acid After uniformly mixing 1.4% calcium, 0.5% salt and 0.1% vitamin-mineral mixture (average particle size
1.05 mm), fed to a pellet mill (manufactured by Bühler), added 3% water with steam, and made into pellets with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of
A 15 mm chow was obtained.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 粉砕されたコーンコブおよび粉砕されたバガ
スから選ばれた平均粒径1.0mm以上の粗飼料の少
なくとも1種を全飼料成分の10〜40重量%の量で
含有する濃厚飼料および粗飼料からなる反芻動物
用の成形された固形飼料。
1. Concentrate feed and roughage for ruminants containing at least one type of roughage with an average particle size of 1.0 mm or more selected from crushed corn cob and crushed bagasse in an amount of 10 to 40% by weight of the total feed ingredients shaped chow.
JP58053894A 1983-03-31 1983-03-31 Solid feed for ruminant Granted JPS59179035A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58053894A JPS59179035A (en) 1983-03-31 1983-03-31 Solid feed for ruminant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58053894A JPS59179035A (en) 1983-03-31 1983-03-31 Solid feed for ruminant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59179035A JPS59179035A (en) 1984-10-11
JPH0369494B2 true JPH0369494B2 (en) 1991-11-01

Family

ID=12955429

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58053894A Granted JPS59179035A (en) 1983-03-31 1983-03-31 Solid feed for ruminant

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59179035A (en)

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JP2007236295A (en) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-20 Natl Fedelation Of Agricult Coop Assoc Ruminant feed having rumen fermentation adjusting function, and raising method for ruminant
CN103918888A (en) * 2014-04-29 2014-07-16 黄春梅 Method for preparing biological feed by taking sugarcane as raw material
CN104366013A (en) * 2014-10-21 2015-02-25 广西平果利华茧丝绸有限公司 Method for preparing biological feed by taking stems and leaves of mulberry as main raw materials

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5110084A (en) * 1974-07-15 1976-01-27 Nippon Yuka Kogyo Kk
JPS5571454A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-05-29 Kunihiko Odaka Pelletized roughage
JPS57180697A (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-06 Kinichi Oouda Solid usable as fuel, fertilizer and feed, preparation thereof and apparatus therefor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5110084A (en) * 1974-07-15 1976-01-27 Nippon Yuka Kogyo Kk
JPS5571454A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-05-29 Kunihiko Odaka Pelletized roughage
JPS57180697A (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-06 Kinichi Oouda Solid usable as fuel, fertilizer and feed, preparation thereof and apparatus therefor

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