JP2007236295A - Ruminant feed having rumen fermentation adjusting function, and raising method for ruminant - Google Patents
Ruminant feed having rumen fermentation adjusting function, and raising method for ruminant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007236295A JP2007236295A JP2006063676A JP2006063676A JP2007236295A JP 2007236295 A JP2007236295 A JP 2007236295A JP 2006063676 A JP2006063676 A JP 2006063676A JP 2006063676 A JP2006063676 A JP 2006063676A JP 2007236295 A JP2007236295 A JP 2007236295A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- ruminant
- rumen
- chain fatty
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この発明は、反芻動物用飼料に関する。さらに詳しくは、反芻動物の第一胃内の発酵を調整し、飼料効率の改善及び濃厚飼料多給時における第一胃環境を良好に維持するための飼料、及びこの飼料を用いる反芻動物の飼育方法に関する。 The present invention relates to ruminant feed. More specifically, a feed for adjusting rumen fermentation in the rumen, improving feed efficiency and maintaining a good rumen environment when feeding a concentrated feed, and breeding of ruminants using this feed Regarding the method.
元来、草食動物である反芻動物は、牧草などを中心とした繊維質の多い飼料を採食するが、このような繊維質はセルロース等を含む難消化性物質であるため、繊維を効率的に消化するための特徴的な消化器官を発達させている。すなわち、微生物との共生システムを発達させた、巨大な発酵槽を呈する第一胃を中心とした反芻胃である。
採食された飼料は、咀嚼された後、第一胃に流入してバクテリア（細菌）やプロトゾア（原虫）、ファンジャイ（真菌）などの多種多様な微生物群による発酵を受ける。この発酵により増殖した微生物自体や代謝産物である揮発性脂肪酸（ＶＦＡ）が、宿主である反芻動物の主たる栄養源として利用される。
更に、近代畜産では、このような繊維質を中心とした粗飼料のみではなく、トウモロコシや大麦等の穀類、大豆粕、菜種粕等の植物粕類や、ふすま等の糟糠類等の濃厚飼料を併給することで、生産効率を向上させることが行われている。
Ruminants, which are herbivores, originally feed forage with a high fiber content, mainly grass, but these fibers are indigestible substances containing cellulose, etc. Has developed a characteristic digestive organ for digestion. That is, it is a ruminant centered on the rumen, which has developed a symbiotic system with microorganisms and presents a huge fermenter.
After being chewed, the foraged feed flows into the rumen and is fermented by a wide variety of microorganisms such as bacteria, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Microorganisms proliferated by this fermentation and volatile fatty acids (VFA), which are metabolites, are used as the main nutrient source for ruminants as hosts.
Furthermore, in modern livestock, not only forage mainly composed of fiber, but also concentrated feed such as corn and barley, cereals such as soybean meal and rapeseed meal, and potatoes such as bran By doing so, production efficiency is improved.
このような濃厚飼料を併給する飼養管理方法は、生産性を劇的に向上させることが可能であるが、一方で、濃厚飼料の過食により第一胃内微生物群の生態が崩壊し、良好な発酵を維持できない状態に陥る可能性がある。すなわち、過剰な第一胃発酵に伴う第一胃アシドーシスや鼓脹症などである。
第一胃アシドーシスは澱粉質を大量に含む発酵性の高い炭水化物の多量摂取により、ＶＦＡ等の有機酸が過剰に生成され、第一胃内のｐＨが著しく低下することで引き起こされる。このような低ｐＨ状態では第一胃内の乳酸生成菌が過剰に増加し、乳酸が大量に発生する。この乳酸のうちＤ−乳酸は代謝されないため、体内に吸収されて血液ｐＨの低下による乳酸アシドーシスの原因となる。
同時に、穀類の大量摂取は、第一胃内の粘度を低下させる唾液の分泌量を減少させ、さらに粘性物質を大量に生産する微生物の増殖を招く。これにより第一胃液の粘性が著しく増加し、発酵ガスにより泡沫が形成され、発酵ガスの蓄積による第一胃が異常に膨満する泡沫姓鼓脹症を発症する。
濃厚飼料の過剰摂取による消化管障害及びそれに伴う疾病として、この他に第一胃角化不全、肝膿瘍、蹄葉炎などがあり、これらの疾病により家畜が損耗或いは死亡し、著しく生産性を低下させることが知られている。
Such a feed management method that simultaneously feeds concentrated feed can dramatically improve productivity. However, overeating of concentrated feed disrupts the ecology of the ruminal microbial community, which is favorable. There is a possibility of falling into a state where fermentation cannot be maintained. That is, rumen acidosis and bloating associated with excessive rumen fermentation.
Rumen acidosis is caused by excessive production of an organic acid such as VFA due to a large intake of highly fermentable carbohydrates containing a large amount of starch, and the pH in the rumen is significantly lowered. In such a low pH state, lactic acid producing bacteria in the rumen are excessively increased, and a large amount of lactic acid is generated. Of these lactic acids, D-lactic acid is not metabolized and is absorbed into the body, causing lactic acidosis due to a decrease in blood pH.
At the same time, large intakes of cereals reduce the amount of saliva secreted, which lowers the viscosity in the rumen, and also leads to the growth of microorganisms that produce large quantities of viscous substances. As a result, the viscosity of the rumen juice is remarkably increased, foam is formed by the fermentation gas, and foamy surname bloating in which the rumen is abnormally expanded due to accumulation of the fermentation gas develops.
Other gastrointestinal tract disorders due to excessive intake of concentrated feed and associated diseases include ruminal keratinization failure, liver abscess, and lobe inflammation. It is known to reduce.
飼料が第一胃において発酵する過程において、最終産物として二酸化炭素、メタン、水素などのガスが発生する。このうちメタンはガス発生量の約３０％を占め、飼料として摂取したエネルギーの内、約３〜８％が有効に利用されることなく、メタンとして大気中に放出される。
メタンは、二酸化炭素の約20倍の温室効果があり、反芻動物から発生するメタンはメタン発生量全体の約15％であるとされていることから、生産性の向上のみでなく、地球温暖化防止の側面からも反芻動物からのメタン発生の抑制は重要である。
In the process of fermenting feed in the rumen, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and other gases are generated as end products. Of these, methane accounts for about 30% of the amount of gas generated, and about 3 to 8% of the energy ingested as feed is not effectively used and is released into the atmosphere as methane.
Methane has a greenhouse effect approximately 20 times that of carbon dioxide, and methane generated from ruminants is said to account for approximately 15% of the total amount of methane generated. Suppression of methane generation from ruminants is also important from the aspect of prevention.
反芻動物に与えられる飼料に含まれる窒素化合物のうち、約７０％が蛋白質であり、残りはアンモニア、アミノ酸、核酸、硝酸などの非蛋白態窒素（ＮＰＮ）である。蛋白質は、第一胃内で微生物によりペプチド、アミノ酸、アンモニアと段階的に分解され、ＮＰＮも大半がアンモニアにまで分解される。アンモニアの一部は微生物に再び取り込まれ、蛋白質に再合成され、第一胃から下部消化管に流出した微生物態窒素を宿主である反芻動物が蛋白質として消化・吸収することになる。
しかし、微生物が再利用できない過剰なアンモニアは第一胃壁より吸収され、肝臓において無毒な尿素にまで代謝される。このような尿素のうち、一部は唾液、或いは第一胃壁を通じて第一胃内に還元されるが、大部分の尿素は有効に利用されることなく、尿中或いは乳中に排出され窒素の損失となる。
Of the nitrogen compounds contained in the feed given to ruminants, about 70% is protein, and the rest is non-protein nitrogen (NPN) such as ammonia, amino acids, nucleic acids, and nitric acid. Proteins are decomposed step by step by microorganisms in the rumen with peptides, amino acids, and ammonia, and most of NPN is also decomposed into ammonia. Part of the ammonia is taken up again by microorganisms, re-synthesized into proteins, and ruminants as hosts digest and absorb microbial nitrogen flowing out from the rumen into the lower digestive tract as proteins.
However, excess ammonia that cannot be reused by microorganisms is absorbed from the rumen wall and metabolized to non-toxic urea in the liver. Some of these ureas are reduced into the rumen through saliva or the rumen wall, but most of the urea is excreted in the urine or milk without being effectively used, and nitrogen is released. Loss.
このような生産性の低下を改善するために、イオノフォアであるポリエーテル系抗生物質が用いられる。代表的な抗生物質は、モネンシン、ラサロシッド、サリノマイシンなどである。このようなイオノフォアは第一胃内におけるある種の微生物の細胞膜と結合し、細胞内のイオン濃度を撹乱させることでそれらの増殖を抑える働きがある。このような作用により、イオノフォアを添加した飼料を給与した場合、第一胃内のメタンを含むガス発生が抑制される一方、第一胃内の揮発性脂肪酸（ＶＦＡ）組成が変化し、プロピオン酸の割合が増加することが知られている。ＶＦＡには酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸などがあるが、この中でもっともエネルギー効率の高いのがプロピオン酸である。つまり、イオノフォアの添加により、飼料効率が改善されるのである。また、微生物によるアミノ酸からの脱アミノ化を阻害し、アンモニアの発生を抑制することで窒素の利用効率を改善し、更には、乳酸生成菌群や粘性物質を生産する菌の増殖を抑制し、濃厚飼料多給時における第一胃環境を良好に維持する効果がある。
このように、イオノフォアは第一胃内の発酵を調整する効果を十分に発揮するが、抗生物質の一般的特性として、通常ヒトを含む動物に長期にわたって使用した場合、耐性菌の出現や生体内において抗生物質に感受性のない細菌類が選択的に増殖する等の欠点を有するため、これの長期投与は適切な方法と言えない。また、薬効が消失した場合は、畜産など経済動物においては、投与薬剤のコストがそのまま経済的損失となることがある。又、残留薬剤の環境への悪影響も無視し得ない状況にある。
そこで、抗生物質以外の原料の中から、安全性が高く、第一胃の発酵を調整し飼料効率を改善する素材の開発が望まれていた。
In order to improve such a decrease in productivity, a polyether antibiotic which is an ionophore is used. Typical antibiotics are monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin and the like. Such ionophores bind to the cell membranes of certain microorganisms in the rumen and act to suppress their growth by disturbing the intracellular ion concentration. Due to such an action, when a feed supplemented with an ionophore is fed, gas generation including methane in the rumen is suppressed, while volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition in the rumen changes, and propionic acid is produced. It is known that the ratio of increases. VFA includes acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc. Among them, the most energy efficient is propionic acid. In other words, feed efficiency is improved by the addition of ionophores. In addition, the deamination of amino acids by microorganisms is inhibited, the generation efficiency of nitrogen is improved by suppressing the generation of ammonia, and further, the growth of lactic acid producing bacteria and bacteria producing viscous substances is suppressed, There is an effect of maintaining a good rumen environment when a concentrated feed is frequently fed.
In this way, ionophores exert a sufficient effect of regulating rumen fermentation, but as a general characteristic of antibiotics, when used over a long period of time in animals, including humans, the appearance of resistant bacteria and in vivo However, long-term administration is not an appropriate method because bacteria that are not sensitive to antibiotics grow selectively. Moreover, when the medicinal effect disappears, the cost of the administered drug may become an economic loss as it is in an economic animal such as livestock. In addition, the adverse effects on the environment of the residual drug cannot be ignored.
Therefore, it has been desired to develop a material that is highly safe from raw materials other than antibiotics and that adjusts rumen fermentation to improve feed efficiency.
牛の第一胃内におけるメタンを主とするガス産生を抑制し、飼料効率を高める第一胃発酵調整用の乳牛用飼料として、天然原料であるアセンヤク、チヤ、プルーン又はステビア（非特許文献１）の破砕物および抽出物、抽出粕あるいは種子粕を第一胃発酵調整剤として養牛用飼料に添加して乳牛や肉牛を飼養する方法（特開２００１−１２８８５号公報）が知られているが、この方法は、乳牛及び自然に対しては極めて安全且つマイルドでメタンガスの産生を適度に抑える点では優れているが、飼料効率の面からは十分とは云えない。
又、中鎖脂肪酸又は中鎖脂肪酸のトリグリセリドを羊、ヤギ、乳牛に給与する例としてメタン生産性を調整、ルーメン中のアンモニア態窒素の利用等に関する報告が知られているが、メタンやプロトゾア数の減少は認められるものの、いずれの報告も生産性を向上させる根拠は示されておらず、むしろ繊維消化率などの低下傾向が認められるものもある。
他方、反芻動物に対する中鎖脂肪酸の給与にあたっては、第１胃中のバクテリアに対して有害効果を発揮しないように脂肪酸成分を第１胃で保護することが望ましい、とするものもある。（選考文献の記載部分をこのように表しました。審査官は、上記文献を引用して、反芻動物用飼料に中鎖脂肪酸、その塩、トリグリセリドを添加・給与したことが記載されているので公知乃至これから容易に類推できると言ってくる可能性があります。そのときのために、請求項を単に「反芻動物用飼料」とせず、実質的には同じことですが、「飼料効率の改善と消化器障害による生産性の低下を抑止する」を入れておきました。これは、発明の課題、その解決手段、発明の効果に一貫して記載されていますので、これを評価してくれればよいのですが。更に「濃厚飼料多給時」に限定せざるを得ないかも知れません。上記文献の記載内容、程度によります。）
As examples of feeding medium chain fatty acids or triglycerides of medium chain fatty acids to sheep, goats and dairy cows, reports on adjusting methane productivity and using ammonia nitrogen in rumen are known. However, none of the reports show a basis for improving productivity, and some reports show a tendency to decrease fiber digestibility.
On the other hand, when feeding medium-chain fatty acids to ruminants, it may be desirable to protect fatty acid components in the rumen so as not to exert harmful effects on bacteria in the rumen. (The description part of the selection document was expressed in this way. The examiner cited the above document and stated that medium-chain fatty acid, its salt, and triglyceride were added and fed to ruminant feed. There is a possibility that it is publicly known or can be easily inferred from this, and for that reason, the claim is not simply “feed for ruminants”, but it is substantially the same, but “improvement of feed efficiency and ”Prevent the decline in productivity due to gastrointestinal disturbances.” This is consistently described in the subject of the invention, its solution, and the effect of the invention. (Although it may be better, you may be forced to limit it to “High feed of concentrated feed”. It depends on the contents and extent of the above document.)
本発明の課題は、人、その他の動物及び自然環境にとって安全な原料を用いて反芻動物の第一胃内発酵を調整して飼料効率を改善し、又、濃厚飼料多給時にあっても第一胃内環境を良好に維持して消化器障害による生産性の低下を抑止する反芻動物用飼料を提供すること、及び反芻動物の飼育方法を提供することにある。 The object of the present invention is to improve the feed efficiency by adjusting rumen fermentation of ruminants using raw materials that are safe for humans, other animals and the natural environment. An object of the present invention is to provide a ruminant feed that maintains a good rumen environment and suppresses a decrease in productivity due to digestive disorders, and to provide a ruminant breeding method.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討の結果、中鎖脂肪酸、又は中鎖脂肪酸のトリグリセライドを添加した飼料を反芻動物に給餌することによって第一胃内発酵が調整されて大幅に飼料効率が向上すること、又、濃厚飼料多給時においても第一胃環境が良好に維持され、反芻動物の生産性が飛躍的に改善されることを見出し、これらの知見に基づいて本発明を完成した。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have greatly adjusted rumen fermentation by feeding a ruminant with a feed containing medium-chain fatty acids or triglycerides of medium-chain fatty acids. It has been found that feed efficiency is improved, and that the rumen environment is well maintained even when concentrated feed is frequently fed, and that ruminant productivity is dramatically improved, and the present invention is based on these findings. Was completed.
本発明によって、中鎖脂肪酸、又は中鎖脂肪酸のトリグリセライドを添加した飼料を反芻動物に給餌することによって、反芻動物の第一胃内の発酵が適度に調整されて、メタン発生が抑えられてエネルギーの損失が減少する。又、エネルギー効率の高いプロピオン酸の産生が亢進され、蛋白質からのアンモニアの発生が窒素の損失量を低下させるなどの効果があり、これによって、飼料効率が大幅に向上する。
更に、濃厚飼料多給時にあっても、第一胃内の環境が良好に維持されて、乳酸濃度が減少し、第一胃液の泡沫形成能が減少するので、鼓脹症をはじめとする消化器障害による生産性の低下を抑えることが出来る。
又、本飼料は、長期給与によっても所謂抗生物質による自然環境への弊害、畜産物への残留薬剤の弊害等も起こさない。
According to the present invention, by feeding a ruminant with a feed containing medium chain fatty acid or medium chain fatty acid triglyceride, fermentation in the rumen of the ruminant is moderately adjusted, methane generation is suppressed, and energy is reduced. The loss of. In addition, the production of propionic acid with high energy efficiency is promoted, and the generation of ammonia from the protein has the effect of reducing the amount of nitrogen loss, thereby greatly improving the feed efficiency.
In addition, even in the case of high-concentration feed, the environment in the rumen is maintained well, the lactic acid concentration is reduced, and the foam-forming ability of the rumen fluid is reduced. Reduced productivity due to obstacles.
In addition, this feed does not cause any adverse effects on the natural environment due to so-called antibiotics or adverse effects of residual drugs on livestock products, even with long-term feeding.
本発明を実施するに当たって用いられる中鎖脂肪酸は、アルキル鎖長が8〜14の中鎖脂肪酸であり、遊離酸、そのアルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩、更には各種エステルの形であってもよい。又、中鎖脂肪酸のトリグリセライドは、ヤシ油、パーム核油、などに代表される油脂類が主に用いられる。又、これら中鎖脂肪酸及び中鎖脂肪酸のトリグリセライドは粉末化したものが使用に便利であり、乳化剤、ケイ酸、糖類、その他の飼料原料と適宜混和して飼料添加物としてもよく、これらを直接反芻動物用飼料に添加・混合して給餌するのがよい。 The medium chain fatty acid used in carrying out the present invention is a medium chain fatty acid having an alkyl chain length of 8 to 14, and is in the form of a free acid, an alkali metal salt thereof, an alkaline earth metal salt, or various esters. Also good. The triglycerides of medium chain fatty acids are mainly fats and oils typified by coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and the like. In addition, these medium chain fatty acids and medium chain fatty acid triglycerides are conveniently used in powder form, and may be mixed with emulsifiers, silicic acid, saccharides, and other feed ingredients as appropriate to prepare feed additives. It is recommended to add to and mix with ruminant feed.
上記飼料添加物を反芻動物用飼料に添加して用いる場合、それらの乾燥物を配合飼料に対し０．０１〜９０．００重量％の範囲で配合する。より好ましくは、配合飼料に対し０．１〜１０．００重量％の範囲で配合する。又、これらの添加物を配合飼料あるいは混合飼料に添加して使用してもよい。 When the feed additive is used by being added to ruminant feed, the dried product is blended in the range of 0.01 to 90.00% by weight with respect to the blended feed. More preferably, it mix | blends in 0.1-10.00 weight% with respect to a mixing | blending feed. Further, these additives may be used by adding to the mixed feed or mixed feed.
本発明の飼料は、濃厚飼料を多給する飼養環境において最も効力を発揮する。なお、濃厚飼料の多給とは、反芻動物に与えられる飼料のうち、濃厚飼料を含む割合が４９．０％以上であるときを云う。また、飼料中の澱粉割合が２０．０重量％以上の場合においても同様の効果が得られる。 The feed of the present invention is most effective in a feeding environment in which a concentrated feed is frequently fed. In addition, the heavy supply of a thick feed means the time when the ratio containing a concentrated feed is 49.0% or more among the feed given to a ruminant. Moreover, the same effect is acquired also when the starch ratio in feed is 20.0 weight% or more.
以下本発明を実施例を用いて更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
実施例1：反芻動物用配合飼料の調製（飼料組成は全て重量％表示）
反芻動物用配合飼料（トウモロコシ４０．０％、大麦３０．０％、ふすま２０．０、大豆粕８．０％、糖蜜１．０％、炭酸カルシウム１．０％）に夫々０．５％、１．０％の割合になるようにラウリン酸、パーム核油又はヤシ油を添加し、均等に混和し各々１０．０ｋｇずつの試験用飼料を調製した。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated still in detail using an Example, this invention is not limited to these.
Example 1: Preparation of a mixed feed for ruminants (all feed compositions are expressed in% by weight)
0.5% each for mixed feed for ruminants (corn 40.0%, barley 30.0%, bran 20.0, soybean meal 8.0%, molasses 1.0%, calcium carbonate 1.0%) Lauric acid, palm kernel oil or coconut oil was added to a ratio of 1.0% and mixed evenly to prepare 10.0 kg of test feeds.
実施例２：パーム核油又はヤシ油が第一胃発酵に及ぼす影響
実施例1で調製した中鎖脂肪酸又は中鎖脂肪酸のトリグリセライドを有効成分とする第一胃発酵調整用飼料が第一胃発酵を改善する効果を有するか否かを判定する目的で以下の実験を行った。
実施例1で示した反芻動物用配合飼料にパーム核油を１．０％添加したものを試験区１、ヤシ油を１．０％添加したものを試験区2とし、無添加区を対照とし，インビトロ培養により比較した。
すなわち、牛の第一胃液をｐＨ６．８に調整した緩衝液で希釈し、培養液を作成し、当該飼料を添加し、嫌気状態を保ちつつ３９．０度で８時間培養した。
Example 2: Effect of palm kernel oil or palm oil on rumen fermentation The rumen fermentation preparation feed containing the medium-chain fatty acid or triglyceride of medium-chain fatty acid prepared in Example 1 as an active ingredient The following experiment was conducted for the purpose of determining whether or not there is an effect of improving the above.
The feed for ruminant animals shown in Example 1 with 1.0% palm kernel oil added is designated as test group 1, the one with 1.0% coconut oil added as test group 2, and the non-added group as a control. Comparison was made by in vitro culture.
Specifically, bovine rumen juice was diluted with a buffer adjusted to pH 6.8, a culture solution was prepared, the feed was added, and cultured at 39.0 ° C. for 8 hours while maintaining an anaerobic state.
結果を表１に示した。第一胃発酵に伴うメタン産生量は試験区１及び試験区２において顕著に減少した。又、試験区１及び試験区２においては総ＶＦＡ量及びプロピオン酸濃度が顕著に高まり、更に、アンモニア濃度及び乳酸濃度が低下した。これらのことから、中鎖脂肪酸又は中鎖脂肪酸のトリグリセライドは第一胃発酵を調整し、エネルギー及び蛋白質の損失を抑制し、飼料効率が改善されることが示された。更に、乳酸濃度の低下により濃厚飼料多給時の第一胃環境を改善することが認められる。 The results are shown in Table 1. Methane production accompanying rumen fermentation was significantly reduced in test group 1 and test group 2. Further, in the test group 1 and the test group 2, the total VFA amount and the propionic acid concentration were significantly increased, and the ammonia concentration and the lactic acid concentration were further decreased. These results indicate that medium chain fatty acids or medium chain fatty acid triglycerides regulate rumen fermentation, suppress energy and protein loss, and improve feed efficiency. Furthermore, it is recognized that the rumen environment is improved when a concentrated feed is frequently fed due to a decrease in the lactic acid concentration.
実施例３：ラウリン酸が第一胃発酵に及ぼす影響
実施例１で調製した中鎖脂肪酸又は中鎖脂肪酸のトリグリセライドを有効成分とする第一胃発酵調整用飼料が第一胃発酵を調整する効果を判定する目的で以下の試験を実施した。
すなわち、実施例1で示した供試飼料にラウリン酸を０．５％、１．０％添加した区を夫々試験区１、試験区2とし、無添加区を対照区とし、第一胃にカニューレを装着したホルスタイン種去勢牛６頭を用いて３×３ラテン方格法により比較評価した。
Example 3: Effect of lauric acid on rumen fermentation Effect of adjusting rumen fermentation by a feed for adjusting rumen fermentation containing the medium chain fatty acid prepared in Example 1 or triglyceride of medium chain fatty acid as an active ingredient The following tests were conducted for the purpose of determining
That is, the group in which 0.5% and 1.0% of lauric acid was added to the test feed shown in Example 1 was designated as test group 1 and test group 2, respectively, and the non-added group was used as a control group. Comparison evaluation was performed by 3 × 3 Latin square method using six Holstein steers equipped with a cannula.
供試牛にはチモシー乾草１．０ｋｇ／回、供試飼料５．０ｋｇ／回を１日２回給与した。試験期間は２１日とし、前半の１４日間を適応期間、後半の７日間を試験期間とし、夫々３期間反復処理した。試験期間に第一胃液、糞及び血液を採取し、分析に供した。 The test cows were fed twice a day with timothy hay 1.0 kg / time and test feed 5.0 kg / time. The test period was 21 days, the first 14 days were the adaptation period, and the last 7 days were the test period, each of which was repeated for 3 periods. Rumen fluid, feces and blood were collected during the test period and subjected to analysis.
結果を表２、及び表３に示した。第一胃内のＶＦＡ組成が変化し、エネルギー効率が高いプロピオン酸産生が増加した。更に、乳酸濃度及び第一胃液の泡沫安定性を示すＳＩＶＩ（Stable Ingesta Volume Increase）が減少した。これらのことから、中鎖脂肪酸又は中鎖脂肪酸のトリグリセライドの給与により、第一胃内発酵が調整され、飼料成分の利用効率が向上し、更に、濃厚飼料多給時における第一胃環境の改善にも効果があることが認められた。 The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The VFA composition in the rumen changed and the energy efficient propionic acid production increased. Furthermore, SIVI (Stable Ingesta Volume Increase) indicating the lactic acid concentration and foam stability of the rumen juice decreased. From these, by feeding medium chain fatty acid or triglyceride of medium chain fatty acid, the rumen fermentation is adjusted, the utilization efficiency of the feed component is improved, and further, the rumen environment is improved when the concentrated feed is fed frequently It was also found to be effective.
実施例４：ラウリン酸が飼養成績に与える影響
実施例１で調製した中鎖脂肪酸又は中鎖脂肪酸のトリグリセライドを有効成分とする第一胃発酵調整用飼料が飼料の持つエネルギー及び蛋白質の効率を改善し、飼料効率及び生産性への有効性を持つかを判定する目的で以下の試験を実施した。
すなわち、ホルスタイン種去勢牛を使用し、肉牛用配合飼料（実施例１と同様のもの）に対し、無添加区を対照区とし、ラウリン酸を１．０％含有するものを試験区とし、自由摂食させた。
Example 4: Effect of lauric acid on feeding performance Improvement of energy and protein efficiency of feed for rumen fermentation preparations containing medium-chain fatty acids or medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides prepared in Example 1 as active ingredients However, the following tests were conducted for the purpose of determining whether it has an effect on feed efficiency and productivity.
In other words, Holstein steers were used, and for the mixed beef cattle feed (the same as in Example 1), the additive-free group was the control group, and the one containing 1.0% lauric acid was the test group. Feeded.
結果は、表４に示す通りである。ラウリン酸の添加により、第一胃発酵が調整され、少ない採食量にも拘わらず日増体量は同等に推移し、飼料効率が著しく改善された。 The results are as shown in Table 4. With the addition of lauric acid, rumen fermentation was adjusted, the daily weight gain remained the same despite the small amount of food intake, and feed efficiency was significantly improved.
Claims (5)
Feed efficiency by adjusting rumen fermentation characterized by feeding animal feed with medium chain fatty acid or glyceride content of medium chain fatty acid in the range of 0.01 to 90.0% by weight as dry matter A ruminant breeding method that improves and prevents productivity loss due to digestive disorders.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006063676A JP2007236295A (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2006-03-09 | Ruminant feed having rumen fermentation adjusting function, and raising method for ruminant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006063676A JP2007236295A (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2006-03-09 | Ruminant feed having rumen fermentation adjusting function, and raising method for ruminant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2007236295A true JP2007236295A (en) | 2007-09-20 |
Family
ID=38582461
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006063676A Pending JP2007236295A (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2006-03-09 | Ruminant feed having rumen fermentation adjusting function, and raising method for ruminant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2007236295A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104304748A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-01-28 | 青岛嘉瑞生物技术有限公司 | Probiotic fermented feed additive for dairy cattle |
| JP2016526917A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2016-09-08 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー．ブイ． | Use of feed compositions to reduce methane emissions from ruminants and / or improve ruminant performance |
| JP2020508656A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2020-03-26 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー．ブイ．Ｄｓｍ Ｉｐ Ａｓｓｅｔｓ Ｂ．Ｖ． | Use of a feed composition for reducing ruminant methane emissions and / or improving ruminant performance |
| JP7438499B2 (en) | 2019-08-06 | 2024-02-27 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | How to raise calves |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59179035A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-11 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd | Solid feed for ruminant |
| JPS6091946A (en) * | 1983-10-25 | 1985-05-23 | Kyodo Shiryo Kk | Feed for ruminant |
| JPH02286047A (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-11-26 | Kao Corp | Feed for milk cow |
| JPH04197140A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1992-07-16 | Kao Corp | Feed of fattening for animal meat |
| JP2002518031A (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2002-06-25 | ユニバーシティ オブ メリーランド | Use of oils with high lauric acid content as animal feed |
-
2006
- 2006-03-09 JP JP2006063676A patent/JP2007236295A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59179035A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-11 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd | Solid feed for ruminant |
| JPS6091946A (en) * | 1983-10-25 | 1985-05-23 | Kyodo Shiryo Kk | Feed for ruminant |
| JPH02286047A (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-11-26 | Kao Corp | Feed for milk cow |
| JPH04197140A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1992-07-16 | Kao Corp | Feed of fattening for animal meat |
| JP2002518031A (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2002-06-25 | ユニバーシティ オブ メリーランド | Use of oils with high lauric acid content as animal feed |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016526917A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2016-09-08 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー．ブイ． | Use of feed compositions to reduce methane emissions from ruminants and / or improve ruminant performance |
| CN104304748A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-01-28 | 青岛嘉瑞生物技术有限公司 | Probiotic fermented feed additive for dairy cattle |
| JP2020508656A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2020-03-26 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー．ブイ．Ｄｓｍ Ｉｐ Ａｓｓｅｔｓ Ｂ．Ｖ． | Use of a feed composition for reducing ruminant methane emissions and / or improving ruminant performance |
| US11191288B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2021-12-07 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Use of a feed composition for reducing methane emission in ruminants, and/or to improve ruminant performance |
| JP7019925B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2022-02-16 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー．ブイ． | Use of feed compositions to reduce ruminant methane emissions and / or to improve ruminant performance |
| JP7438499B2 (en) | 2019-08-06 | 2024-02-27 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | How to raise calves |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Khan et al. | Invited review: Transitioning from milk to solid feed in dairy heifers | |
| Cardozo et al. | Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture | |
| Mohammed et al. | A review on effects of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as feed additives in ruminants performance | |
| Bagheri et al. | Effect of live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharides on performance of early-lactation Holstein dairy cows | |
| JP2005525117A (en) | Methods for reducing methanogenesis resulting from animal digestive activity | |
| WO2002071865A1 (en) | Method of feeding a ruminant | |
| JP2007236295A (en) | Ruminant feed having rumen fermentation adjusting function, and raising method for ruminant | |
| US20030165487A1 (en) | Amylase feed supplements for improved ruminant nutrition | |
| KR20110119370A (en) | Feed composition against greenhouse gases produced by the rumen of ruminants and method for breeding ruminants | |
| Yang et al. | Effects of feeding hulled and hull-less barley with low-and high-forage diets on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows | |
| JP2007117079A (en) | Ruminant feed | |
| JP5192108B2 (en) | Composition for inhibiting methanogenesis and composition for feed for ruminants | |
| JP4838877B2 (en) | Method for producing fermented feed for lactating cows and fermented feed for lactating cows obtained thereby | |
| Lascano et al. | Nutrient utilization of fresh sugarcane-based diets with slow-release nonprotein nitrogen addition for control-fed dairy heifers | |
| Samanta et al. | Influence of niacin supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation in cattle | |
| Hartina et al. | The addition of feed additive in beef cattle ration on in vitro fermentation characteristics | |
| Elmali et al. | Effects of supplementation with different amounts of malic acid to Tuj lambs diets on fattening performance, rumen parameters and digestibility | |
| Sharma et al. | Effect of different levels of sodium sesquicarbonate on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters | |
| da Silva et al. | Protein-energy supplementation for lambs: Feed intake, ingestive behavior, rumen parameters and nutrient digestibility | |
| CN109170204A (en) | A kind of ruminant feed containing coffee grounds | |
| EP4285735A1 (en) | Use of a mixture of urea, biuret and minor n-containing compounds created during biuret prouction as a dietary npn-source in a ruminant feed supplement composition | |
| RU2821991C2 (en) | New composition | |
| Hussein | Simulated and Applied Precision Feeding System of High and Low Forage Diets with Different Fat Sources and Sequences of Dietary Fat Concentration in in-vitro and in-vivo Studies | |
| Dhuria et al. | Effect of densification of gram straw based complete feed on rumen and haemato biochemical parameters in Magra lambs | |
| Aschemann | Effect of niacin on the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation in the rumen of dairy cows |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090227 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20090422 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090904 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20091102 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20091104 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20100205 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20100402 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20100601 |