JPH0339663B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for producing feed materials for ruminants. Oils and fats, along with proteins, carbohydrates, inorganic substances, vitamins, etc., are nutrients that play an extremely important role in maintaining the life of livestock and producing livestock products. Cow,
In ruminant livestock such as cotton sheep, these nutrients are often partially broken down and absorbed as nutrients for microorganisms in the rumen. In particular, in the case of high-performance cattle, the energy requirements cannot be met by grain alone, so corn is partially replaced with fat and oil, which contains 2.25 times the energy of corn, to increase productivity. However, fats and oils inhibit the activity of various enzymes in the stomach,
There was a limit to the feeding of fats and oils as it was said to reduce the digestibility of feed, especially inhibiting the digestion of cellulose and the utilization of non-protein nitrogen compounds. Additionally, there were drawbacks such as unsaturated fatty acids in fats and oils being reduced to partially saturated acids by the action of microorganisms. Therefore, in order to prevent the decomposition and absorption of fats and oils by microorganisms, inhibition of the activity of various enzymes, and oxidation of fats and oils, the oils and fats are passed directly from the rumen to the rumen (hereinafter referred to as bypass), and digested in the abomasum. needs to be done efficiently. (Conventional technology) Conventional technology that bypasses nutrients to effectively utilize them includes, for example, KSEng, Feedstuffs, 49 (47), 18, which is a method of protecting beef tallow with soybean oil cake.
(1977); NE Smith et al, J.Dairy Sci., 61 ,
747 (1978) as a method of coating fats and oils with proteins and protecting the proteins with formaldehyde.
TRWrenn et al, J.Dairy Sci., 60 , 521
(1977); W. Chalupa, Feed Management, 33 ,
10 (1982); AMGaddenet al, J.Dairy Sci.,
67, 1414 (1948), etc. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, conventional techniques for protecting fats and oils, for example, in the method of protecting beef tallow with soybean oil cake, include rough chewing in the oral cavity, heating in the rumen, stirring, and There are doubts as to whether fats and oils could be protected by rumination, pressure grinding in the rumen, etc., and even if the method of treating proteins with formalin achieves the purpose of protecting fats and oils, the protein itself denatures. has the disadvantage that it is not a source of nutrients. Also, U.S. Patent No. 4,642,317 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-
Publication No. 10780 discloses feeding fats and oils to ruminants in the form of calcium salts of fatty acids. This fatty acid calcium bypasses the oral cavity until it passes through the rumen, without being melted by body temperature or decomposed into fatty acids. It melts at body temperature due to the lowering of its melting point and is absorbed in the small intestine, and the calcium content is used as a mineral necessary for ruminants. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, copper, iron, molybdenum, etc. are generally known as minerals useful in animal feed, but when only fatty acid calcium is fed as in the prior art, blood Calcium levels alone increase, causing calcium deposits in soft tissues, which can lead to arteriosclerosis, arthritis, kidney stones, etc., while magnesium, which is taken separately, is excreted in urine along with calcium. Therefore, there is a problem of serious magnesium deficiency. As a result of various experiments and researches to solve these problems, the inventor of the present invention discovered that in addition to protecting fats and oils in the form of fatty acid metal salts called fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium, the present inventor uses fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium in combination. The inventors have discovered that this is the best method for efficiently supplying fats and oils to ruminants and providing a well-balanced supply of essential minerals, and have completed the present invention. (Means for Solving the Problem) The gist of the method for producing feed materials for ruminants of the present invention is to protect fats and oils as fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium, and to use fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium in combination. Here, the oils and fats that are the raw materials for fatty acids include vegetable oils such as coconut oil, which has a high content of saturated fatty acids, palm oil, rapeseed oil, which has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, soybean oil, and safflower oil, beef tallow, and pork fat. animal fats and oils are used. Although readily available fatty acids can be used as starting materials, fatty acids are usually obtained by saponifying and decomposing these oils and fats with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. To describe a general method for producing fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium, first, fats and oils are saponified and decomposed with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to form an aqueous sodium fatty acid solution (hereinafter referred to as a soap solution). Next, an aqueous calcium chloride solution and an aqueous magnesium chloride solution are gradually added to this soap solution while stirring to cause double decomposition, and the resulting water-insoluble fatty acid metal salt is salted out. After filtering excess water with a filter cloth, air dry and grind. The higher the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids such as safflower fatty acids, the more likely fatty acid magnesium becomes paste-like at room temperature, making it difficult to mix with other feed ingredients. It has been found that when an aqueous mixed solution of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride is added during metathesis so that the calcium content is 99-80% and the fatty acid magnesium content is 1-20%, it exhibits favorable powdery properties. (Action) Fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium have a much higher melting point than the original fatty acids, and do not decompose at neutral pH. Therefore, fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium fed to ruminants bypass the slightly alkaline to neutral region from the oral cavity to the rumen without being melted at body temperature or decomposed into fatty acids. It is decomposed into fatty acids in the strong acidic gastric juices in the four stomachs, and as the melting point decreases with the decomposition, it melts at body temperature and is absorbed in the small intestine. Calcium and magnesium salts that protect fats and oils are effectively used as a source of essential minerals for ruminants. Unsaturated fatty acids are less susceptible to oxidation due to the above-mentioned bypass, and are also useful for softening butter. (Example) 2 kg of beef tallow (melting point 40.7°C) was heated and melted at 70°C,
2.8 kg of 10% sodium hydroxide solution is gradually added to this while stirring, and the mixture is saponified and decomposed into sodium beef tallow fatty acid. Furthermore, a mixed aqueous solution of 3.5 kg of 10% calcium chloride and 0.3 kg of 10% magnesium chloride was added to this while stirring in the same manner to cause double decomposition, and then excess water was filtered with a filter cloth, washed with water, filtered,
The mixture was air-dried and ground to obtain 2.2 kg (8% moisture) of a mixture of calcium tallow fatty acid and magnesium tallow fatty acid. Table 1 shows the results of a breeding test on dairy steer calves using these test samples. In the breeding test of dairy steer calves shown in Table 1, when comparing the amount of sample required to gain 1 kg in each addition group, it was found that when beef tallow was simply fed without protection (Experiment 2), the control group (Experiment 2) Although there is a difference from Experiment 1), there is a significant difference when beef tallow is protected as beef tallow fatty acid calcium and beef tallow fatty acid magnesium (Experiment 3), and the usefulness of the present invention is high. [Table] [Table] (Effects of the Invention) As described above, the present invention protects fats and oils as fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium, and also uses fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium in combination. This not only allows fats and oils to be efficiently digested in the abomasum, but also enables a well-balanced supply of calcium and magnesium, which are essential minerals for ruminants. By preventing the deposition of calcium in soft tissues such as the inner walls of organs and the inner walls of the ureters, various diseases caused by excess calcium, such as arteriosclerosis, arthritis, and kidney stones, can be prevented.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A method for producing feed materials for ruminants, characterized in that fats and oils are protected as fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium, and fatty acid calcium and fatty acid magnesium are used together. 2 Claim 1 in which fatty acid calcium is 99-80% and fatty acid magnesium is 1-20%
Method for producing feed ingredients for ruminants as described in Section 1.