JPH03168275A - Working fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a working fluid, containing specific amounts of chlorodifluoromethane, chlorodifluoroethane and dichlorotrifluoroethane, hardly affecting the stratospheric ozonosphere and used for refrigerators, heat pumps, etc. CONSTITUTION:The objective working fluid containing at least three kinds of fluorocarbons of 45-90wt.%, preferably 55-85wt.% chlorodifluoromethane (R22), <=55wt.%, preferably <=50wt.% chlorodifluoroethane (R142b) and <=50wt.% dichlorotrifluoroethane (R123).

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field of the Invention! Conventional technology related to working fluids used in refrigerators, heat pumps, etc. In refrigerators, heat pumps, etc., halogenated hydrocarbons called fluorocarbons (hereinafter referred to as R○○ or RO○○) are used as working fluids. It is known that the condensation temperature and/or evaporation temperature is approximately 0 to approximately 5.
Among them, dichlorodifluoromethane (CCI F*, R12), which is commonly used in the temperature range of 0°C, is widely used as a working fluid in refrigerator kites, car air conditioners, large refrigerators, etc., but it is difficult to solve the problems that the invention aims to solve. In recent years, the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer by fluorocarbons has become a global environmental issue, and international treaties have already established regulations regarding the amount of fluorocarbons used (hereinafter referred to as specified fluorocarbons), which have a large ability to deplete the stratospheric ozone. Production volume has been regulated, and there is also a movement to abolish the use and production of specified fluorocarbons in the future.Now, R12 has an ozone depletion coefficient (trichlorofluoromethane (CC l*F)).
) is a specific CFC with a stratospheric ozone depletion potential of 9 (hereinafter referred to as ○DP) of 1.0 when the stratospheric ozone depletion potential of
Reducing the amount of R12 used and produced will have a tremendous impact on the living environment of humankind (therefore, its ability to deplete stratospheric ozone is small, and there is a strong demand for the early development of a working fluid that can replace R12. The present invention ζ was also tried in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has a small effect on the stratospheric ozone layer.
Means for Solving the Problems by Providing Alternative Working Fluids for Twelve Alternative Working Fluids The present invention solves the above problems by providing alternative working fluids for at least k chlorodifluoromethane (CHCIF2), chlorodifluoroethane (CeHsC I Fg) and dichlorodifluoromethane (CHCIF2), chlorodifluoroethane (CeHsC I Fg) and Contains three types of fluorocarbons from trifluoroethane (CsHC IgFs) Chlorodifluoromethane approximately 45 to approximately 90% by weight Chlorodifluoroethane O to approximately 55% by weight Dichlorotrifluoroethane O to approximately 50% by weight composition range In particular, it is characterized by: Chlorodifluoromethane approximately 50 to approximately 85% by weight Chlorodifluoromethane O to approximately 50% by weight Dichlorotrifluoroethane 0 to approximately 50% by weight
A composition range of about 50% by weight is desirable.The above combination allows the working fluid to be treated with chlorodifluorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon containing both chlorine and hydrogen in its molecular structure, which has an extremely low ozone depleting ability. Methane (ODP=
0. 05), chlorodifluoroethane (○DP=0
．． 06) and dichlorotrifluoroethane (OD
P=0. 02), it is possible to make the effect on the stratospheric ozone layer much smaller than that of R12.・It has a vapor pressure similar to that of R12 at temperatures ranging from about 0 to about 50 degrees Celsius, which is the operating temperature of heat pumps, etc., and can provide a working fluid that can be used in current equipment as an alternative to L R12. ○DP in the above combination and group precept range is 0
．． 03~0. 06 and expected to be an extremely promising working fluid as a replacement for R12.In addition, such a mixture will be a non-azeotropic mixture, and will have a temperature gradient in the condensation and evaporation processes. By constructing a Lorenz cycle, a higher coefficient of performance than R12 can be expected. Figure Ct Chlorodifluoromethane (R22), ■
-Chloro-1. 1-difluoroethane (R142b
), 2,2-dichloro1.1.1-trifluoroethane (R123), a working fluid α composed of a mixture of three types of fluorocarbons. The equilibrium state at a constant temperature and constant pressure is shown using triangular coordinates. In this trigonometric coordinate system, single substances are arranged counterclockwise in descending order of boiling point, starting from the vertex immediately above each vertex of the triangle on ζ, and each set or fraction at a certain point on the coordinate plane is The ratio (weight ratio) 1 & is expressed as the ratio of the distance between the point and each side of the triangle.In this case, the distance between the point and the side of the triangle & y is written at the vertex of the triangular coordinates on the side opposite the side. Corresponds to the composition ratio of substances In Figure 1, 1 41 Temperature 0℃, pressure 2
．． 1 1 This is the vapor-liquid equilibrium line of the mixture at 6 kg/cm"G, and this temperature and pressure correspond to the saturated state of Rl2. The line above the vapor-liquid equilibrium line (corresponding to R120°C) I is the saturated vapor phase line. Gas-liquid Equilibrium line (R12 equivalent to 0℃) The line below 1 represents the saturated liquidus line, and the area between these lines is in vapor-liquid equilibrium.Also, 2 is the temperature at 50℃.
・Pressure 1 1. This is the vapor-liquid equilibrium line of the mixture at 373 kg/cm"G, and this temperature and pressure also correspond to the saturated state of R12. As you can see from the figure, R22, R14
2b and R123 are each about 45 to about 90 weight groups 0
- approximately 55% by weight 0 to approximately 50% by weight.
．． :, R22, R142b and R123 are each approximately 5
0~approximately 85% by weight 0~approximately 50% by weight (0~approximately 50% by weight) Table 1 shows the composition and ODP of the working fluid at points A1 to Fl in Figure 1.
Point F1 is on the saturated vapor line of the vapor-liquid equilibrium line (R12 equivalent to 50°C) 2, and the saturated vapor line of the vapor-liquid equilibrium line (R12 equivalent to 0°C) 1. It must be within the range between the saturated liquidus line of vapor-liquid equilibrium line (equivalent to R120℃) 1.
Pressure 2. At 116 kg/cm"G (corresponding to the saturated state of R12), there is no vapor-liquid equilibrium state. Also, point Dl
and point El is on the saturated liquid line of the vapor-liquid equilibrium line (R120°C equivalent) l, and the vapor-liquid equilibrium line (Rl2 equivalent to 50°C)
Temperature: 50°C, Pressure: 1. 3 7 3 kg/c
m2G (corresponding to the saturated state of R 1 2) is a vapor-liquid equilibrium state. Therefore, the working fluid EL having the composition shown in Table 1 is By realizing a saturated state or a vapor-liquid equilibrium state under the conditions and operating at the saturated vapor pressure of R12 at the operating temperature of approximately 0 to approximately 50°C, the condensation temperature and evaporation temperature are approximately equal to those of R12. (Above) The force intersection between points A1 and F1 that explains only the points on the vapor-liquid equilibrium line (R12, equivalent to 0°C)! or the vapor-liquid equilibrium line (R12, equivalent to 50°C) 2. Inner shank plate Temperature 0℃・Pressure 2.116kg/cm'G
and temperature 50℃・pressure 11.37 3 kg/crn”
By performing the same operation on a working fluid having a gas-liquid equilibrium state at G (both of which correspond to the saturated state of R12), the condensation temperature is approximately equal to that of R12 at a usage temperature of approximately 0 to approximately 50°C. Even if it is possible to obtain the evaporation temperature, the working fluid α, which is composed of a mixture of three types of fluorocarbons, R22, R142b, and 1,2-dichlorotrifluoroethane (R123a), as shown in Figure 2 (above 1), is constant. temperature·
The equilibrium state at a constant pressure is shown using triangular coordinates.
It is the vapor-liquid equilibrium line of the mixture at 1 1 6 kg/cm"G, and is also 4 (yo Temperature 501 - Pressure 11.3
In this case, ζ.i = R22, Rl 42b and R
123a each weighs about 45 to about 90 weight gourds 0 to about 55
Weight % Q ~ A certain range of claws that makes it approximately 50 weight %
R2 is desirable because it has almost the same vapor pressure as R12.
2, R142b and R123a are each about 50 to about 8
5% by weight. O~approximately 50% by weight. Table 2 shows the combination and ○DP of the working fluid at points A2 to F2 in Figure 2, which are particularly desirable.9 Points A2 to C2 is the vapor-liquid equilibrium line (
Point F2 is on the saturated liquid line of vapor-liquid equilibrium line (R12 equivalent to 50°C) 4, and the saturated vapor phase line of vapor-liquid equilibrium line (R12 equivalent to 50°C) 3 The liquid equilibrium line (R12 equivalent to 0℃) 3 must be within the range between the saturated liquidus lines in Table 2.Temperature 0℃・Pressure 2.
At 1 1 6 kg/cm"G (corresponding to the saturated state of Rl 2), there is no vapor-liquid equilibrium state. Also, point D2 and point E2 are on the saturated liquid line of the vapor-liquid equilibrium line (corresponding to R12 0°C) 3, and the gas Liquid equilibrium line (R12 50℃ equivalent) 4 saturated gas phase line and vapor liquid equilibrium line (R12 50
Temperature: 50°C, Pressure: 11. 373kg/cm
Therefore, under the condition of the saturated vapor pressure of R12 at 0°C and 50°C, the working fluid having the composition shown in Table 2 Achieving a saturated state or a vapor-liquid equilibrium state, approximately 0
~ At a usage temperature of approximately 50°C, R12 at the same temperature
By operating at a saturated vapor pressure of R12 (equivalent to 50℃) Force intersection explained only for the points on 4. The hole inside point A2 to point F2. Temperature 0℃・Pressure 2. 116kg/c
m”G and temperature 50℃・pressure 11.37 3 kg/c
By performing the same operation on a working fluid that has a composition that reaches a vapor-liquid equilibrium state at m''G (both correspond to the saturated state of R12), condensation approximately equal to that of R12 can be achieved at a usage temperature of approximately 0 to approximately 50°C. In the above embodiments, the working fluid is composed of a mixture of three types of fluorocarbons. Of course, it is also possible to form the working fluid by a mixture of chlorodifluoromethane, about 45 to about 90% by weight, and chlorodifluoromethane, about 0% by weight.
- about 55 weight group dichlorotrifluoroethane 0 - about 50
% by weight (wt%) Chlorodifluoromethane is desirable because it has almost the same vapor pressure as Rl2 at the operating temperature of about 0 to about 50°C. ~about 50
Weight: Dichlorotrifluoroethane O ~ approximately 50% by weight
A combination range GA such that ~0.06, making it an extremely promising working fluid as an alternative to R12.In addition, such a mixture is a non-azeotropic mixture, with a temperature gradient in the condensation and evaporation processes. By constructing a Lorenz cycle in which chlorine is placed in close proximity to R12, a higher coefficient of performance than R12 can be expected.・A certain mixture of three or more types of fluorocarbons that both contain hydrogen By specifying the range of the combination, (1) rli. α operation to make the effect on the stratospheric ozone layer much smaller than R12. It is possible to expand the range of fluid selection. (2) It has a vapor pressure similar to R12 at the operating temperature of the equipment, and (3) it can be used in current equipment as an alternative to R12. Using the temperature gradient property of the azeotrope, R1
Even if it has the effect of being able to expect a higher precept coefficient than 2.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Working fluid α composed of a mixture of the three types of fluorocarbons shown in Figures 1 to 2C. 3... Gas-liquid equilibrium line (R12 equivalent to 0°C),
2, 4... Gas-liquid equilibrium line (R12 equivalent to 50°C).

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) 45 to 90% by weight of chlorodifluoromethane,
A working fluid containing at least three types of fluorocarbons, 55% by weight or less of chlorodifluoroethane and 50% by weight or less of dichlorotrifluoroethane. (2) chlorodifluoromethane 50 to 85% by weight or less,
A working fluid containing at least three types of fluorocarbons, 50% by weight or less of chlorodifluoroethane and 50% by weight or less of dichlorotrifluoroethane.