JPH0258691A - Deep foundation enlarged bottom excavating machine and method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the efficiency of excavation by detachably fitting a columnar part excavating mechanism and an anchor to the lower part of a turning mechanism which has been provided at the lower end of a telescopic arm, and also detachably providing an enlarged bottom part excavating mechanism to the end of a second arm. CONSTITUTION:A columnar part excavating mechanism or a telescopic second arm 6 is fitted, via a turning mechanism 4, to a triple stage telescopic arm 3 which has been fitted to the boom 2 of a working machine 1. And at the end of the arm 6, an enlarged bottom part excavating mechanism 7 and a pressedly rolling mechanism are detachably fitted respectively. Next, the columnar part excavating mechanism is first fitted to the mechanism 4, and after a columnar part A has been excavated in the ground, the arm 6 provided with the mechanism 7 is fitted to the mechanism 4, then the enlarged bottom part B is excavated around the bottom of the columnar part. After reinforced concrete has been placed in the enlarged bottom part B to construct a foundation body, earth and sand is backfilled in the columnar part A while being spread and hardened by the pressedly rolling mechanism. Thus, efficiency and safety can be enhanced.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is applicable to deep foundations, bottom expansion, and deep foundation expansion excavation machines and construction methods, such as ultra-high voltage power transmission line tower foundation work and other civil engineering work. This article relates to a machine for excavating a narrow hole (small hole) and an enlarged bottom part around the lower end of the column body, and a construction method using this machine.

[Conventional technology] Conventionally, the above-mentioned deep foundation expansion hole was excavated by mechanical excavation using a power shovel or the like in the vicinity of the upper layer, and then finished by hand digging by hand. Hand digging using light digging tools was the norm.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

By the way, manual digging of deep foundation holes has the problem of hard labor and low work efficiency due to the generation of vibrations, noise, and dust when working in narrow tunnels.

In addition, safety measures are taken when excavating the expanded bottom area by using supporting structures such as diagonal piles, but the work is difficult and requires heavy labor, and there is a risk of cave-ins.

Furthermore, during excavation of the column and bottom expansion parts and construction of the foundation, equipment and tools are raised and lowered by hanging wires, etc. at the tip of the brush and arm of the bower shovel, but it is difficult to lift or lower equipment and tools. It is prohibited by the Industrial Safety and Health Act because the lowering condition is unstable and poses a safety problem.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an object of this invention is to develop a deep foundation-expanding excavation machine that has a multi-purpose function that can safely and efficiently excavate column parts and bottom-expanding parts, and an excavation method using this machine. There is one for each offer.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first invention provides a rotating mechanism at the lower end of a telescoping arm, a column excavation mechanism that is detachably attached to the lower part of the rotating mechanism, and a column excavation mechanism that is detachably attached to the lower part of the rotating mechanism. a swingable telescoping second arm having an anchor that is removably attached; an expanding bottom excavation mechanism that is removably attached to the tip of the telescoping second arm; The structure includes a rolling mechanism that is attached to the roller.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the second invention includes a column excavation mechanism attached to the lower part of the rotation mechanism provided at the lower end of the telescoping arm, and the operation of the column excavation mechanism and the rotation of the rotation mechanism. After excavating the column body to a predetermined depth by extending and contracting the movable and telescoping arm and discharging the soil outside the column body, an anchor is installed at the bottom of the swing mechanism instead of the column body excavation mechanism and the rocking mechanism is installed. Attach a retractable second arm that can be retracted, attach the bottom-expanding excavation mechanism to the tip of the second arm, operate the bottom-expanding excavation mechanism with the anchor in contact with the bottom of the column, and move the column around the anchor. After excavating an expanded bottom area around the lower part of the body and discharging the earth outside the column body, construct a foundation by pouring reinforced concrete into the column body and expanded bottom area, then fill the column body with earth and sand and compact it. I decided to go.

[Function] First, the column excavation mechanism is attached to the lower end rotation mechanism of the telescoping arm attached to the working machine, and excavation and excavation are performed by the extension and contraction of the telescoping arm, the rotation of the rotation mechanism, and the operation of the column excavation mechanism. Dig the soil and excavate the pillar body underground.

Next, remove the column excavation mechanism from the rotation mechanism, attach the telescopic second arm, attach the bottom-expanding excavation mechanism to the tip of this arm, and place the lower end of the anchor in contact with the bottom of the column. An expanded bottom portion is excavated around the lower portion of the column body by the operation of the expanded bottom portion excavation mechanism, the extension and contraction movement of the second arm, and rotation about the anchor.

After constructing the foundation by pouring reinforced concrete into the column and expanded bottom, the column is filled with earth and sand, and the earth and sand is spread and compacted using a compaction mechanism attached to the rotating mechanism.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the excavating machine includes a three-stage telescoping arm 3 that is attached to a boom 2 of a working machine 1 such as a hydraulic power shovel, and a rotating arm 3 installed at the lower end of this arm 3. a mechanism 4, a columnar excavation mechanism 5 that is removably attached to the lower part of the swing mechanism 4, and a second extendable arm 6;
It is constituted by a bottom-expanding excavation mechanism 7 and a rolling mechanism attached to the tip of the 27th beam 6.

As shown in FIG. 3, the telescopic arm 3 is constructed by sequentially fitting a first rectangular tube 11, a second rectangular tube 12, and a third rectangular tube 13 inside and out so that they can expand and contract. The upper end of the square tube 12 and the inside of the first square tube 11 are connected by a cylinder 14, so that the second square tube 12 can move up and down with respect to the first square tube 11 by expansion and contraction of the cylinder 14. ing.

A boo IJ 15 is pivotally fixed to the upper end of the second rectangular tube 12, one end of the wire 16 wound around the pulley 15 is connected to the upper end of the third rectangular tube 13, and the other end is connected to the first rectangular tube. A pulley 1 is fixed to the lower end of the third rectangular tube and pivoted to the upper end of the third rectangular tube.
Wind the folded part of the wire 18 around the wire 1.
A pulley 19 whose both ends are pivotally fixed to the lower end of the second rectangular tube 12
It is fixed to the first rectangular tube 11 through the cylinder 14, and the second
When the rectangular tube 12 is moved up and down, the third rectangular tube 13 is moved up and down relative to the second rectangular tube 12 by the action of both wires 16 and 18.

The first rectangular tube 11 is swingably supported at the tip of the boom 2 that goes down to the working machine 1 via a bracket IS fixed to the outer surface, and is provided between the first rectangular tube 11 and the boom 2. The standing angle of the telescoping arm 3 can be freely changed using the cylinder 20.

Therefore, when the telescopic arm 3 is attached to the work machine 1, it can be freely extended and contracted downward by the second and third rectangular tubes 12 and 13. Movement and angle changes in the front and rear directions are free.

As shown in FIG. 4, the pivot mechanism 4 provided at the lower end of the third rectangular tube 13 in the telescoping arm 3 has a base plate 22 attached to a hinge 21 provided at the lower end of the third rectangular tube 13.
is fixed with a pin 23, an internal toothed ring 24 is provided on the lower surface of the base plate 22 so as to be rotatable, and a pinion gear 26 of a rotational drive mechanism 25 fixed on the base plate 22.
It has a structure in which a bracket 28 constituting one side of the quick coupler 27 is fixed to the lower surface of the internal tooth ring 24, and the rotation drive mechanism 25 is engaged with the internal tooth ring 24.
When the bracket 28 is activated, the bracket 28 rotates.

As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the column excavation mechanism 5 has a pair of opposing side plates 32.32 on the lower surface of the upper plate 31, which are pivoted by pins 33. Attach a lower plate 35 to the lower part of the
A pair of buckets 36, 36 are arranged at the bottom of the lower plate 35.

The pair of buckets 36, 36 have semicircular sides, diagonally cut opposing edges, and have U-shaped tips as shown in FIG. The pin 38 of this hinge 37 is supported by the bearing 39 of the lower plate 35, and the pin 38 of the hinge 37 is moved from the conical closed state shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, the pin 3 of the hinge 37 is opened in a cylindrical state.
It can be opened and closed freely around 8.

Links 41 projecting upward are connected to both buckets 36 and 36 through hinges 40 on both sides of the upper ends of the buckets 36 and 36.
The upper ends of the links 41 and 41 in 6.36 are connected to each other with a pin 42, and an I, i8 moving link 44 is pivotally fixed to the upper end of a column 43 erected on the lower plate 35, and one end of this is connected to the pin 42. At the same time, the other end of the swing link 44 is connected to a cylinder 45 attached to the lower plate 35, and as the cylinder 45 expands and contracts, the bucket 36.
36 will open and close.

A vibrator 46 is installed on the lower plate 35 to transmit only vertical vibrations to the bucket 36.36, and the excavation performance of the bucket 36.36 is improved by using the vibration force.

On the upper play 1-31 of the columnar excavation mechanism 5, there is a latching fitting 47 constituting the other side of the quick coupler 27.
is fixed, the hook 48 provided at one end of the latching fitting 47 is latched to the pin 49 of the grab bracket 28, and the other end of the latching fitting 47 is connected with a removable pin 50, thereby creating a turning mechanism. A column excavation mechanism 5 can be detachably attached to the lower part of the column body 4.

Note that the buckets 36 and 36 in the column body excavation mechanism 5 are illustrated as having a circular cross-sectional shape and adapted to excavating a circular hole, but when excavating a square hole, the cross-sectional shape may be square. Bye.

The horizontal beam 51 that connects the lower portions of the side plates 32, 32 and the J two-part plate 31 are connected by a tilt cylinder 52, and the angle of the bucket 36, 36 is tilted from the vertical state to one side due to the expansion of the cylinder 52. Now you can do a lot of things.

In the case of FIGS. 4 to 6, an example is shown in which an expansion excavator 101 for excavating the lower part of the liner plate D is detachably attached to the outer lower part of the bucket 36.

This extended excavation tool 101 has an arm 102 protruding from the lower part outside the bucket 36, which can be attached and detached by tightening with a nut 103, an excavation plate 104 is fixed to the tip of the arm L102, and a liner plate is attached to the upper surface of the arm 102. ~
It has a structure in which guide rods 105 and 105 that come into contact with +-D are erected, and when both buckets I and 36 and 36 are expanded as shown in Fig. 5, the excavation plate 104 becomes vertical and the guide rods If bucket 36.36 is landed with 105.105 in contact with the inner surface of liner plate 1-D, the expansion digging required to install this play 1-D at the bottom of liner plate D will be accurate. It will be possible to do it.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the telescoping type 27-m 6 is attached in the middle of the anchor 61 in a cross shape so that the angle can be adjusted freely.

The anchor 61 connects the lower vibro 5 telescopically to the lower end of the upper vibro 3 to which the latching metal fitting 47 constituting the other half of the finch coupler is fixed on the plate 62 at the upper end, using a joint 64 for a bolt. A center shaft 66 is provided at the lower end of the vibro 5 and projects downward, and the center shaft 66 is inserted into an anchor base plate 67 fixed to the lower surface of the vertical hole.

When this anchor 61 is removably fixed to the lower part of the rotating mechanism 4 by the quinque coupler 27, the anchor 61 is attached to the rotating mechanism 4.
It is arranged coaxially with the rotation center of , and when the rotation mechanism 4 is activated, it rotates around the axis.

The telescoping second arm 6 fits an outer cylinder 68 and an inner cylinder 69,
A cylinder 7 in which an outer cylinder 68 and an inner cylinder 69 are expanded and contracted.
Incorporate the racket 0 and attach it to the outer surface of the outer cylinder 68. 1 is fixed so that the position can be adjusted in the axial direction, and the upper end of the bracket 71 is fixed to the anchor 6.
The pin 7 is attached to the support bracket 72 of the upper vibro 3 in 1.
3 and is attached to the anchor 61 so as to swing around a pin 73 by the expansion and contraction of a cylinder 74 provided between the support bracket 72 and the bracket 71.

A swinging link 75 is supported on the upper surface of the distal end side of the inner cylinder 69 in the telescoping second arm J, 6, and the upper end of the swinging link 75 is supported and connected to the cylinder 76 installed on the inner cylinder 69. A link 77 is pivotally connected to the upper end of the 1ffl moving link 75, and the bottom-expanding excavation mechanism 7 and the rolling mechanism can be detachably attached to the link 77 and the tip of the inner cylinder 6S.

The bottom-expanding excavation mechanism 7 includes a bucket 7a shown in FIG.
There is a rotary cutter 7b shown in FIG. 8, a hydraulic breaker 7C shown in FIG. 9, and a swing plate 7d shown in FIG.
9, they are detachably attached so that they can be replaced.

The cuckoo 7b is formed into a cone shape, and the drive device 80
, and rotation around the anchor 61, the enlarged bottom part B is coaxially excavated around the lower end of the column part A, and the bucket)? Similarly, the hydraulic breaker 7C is used for excavating the expanded bottom part B and discharging earth and sand, and the vibration plate 7d is used for compacting soft ground.

Although the rolling mechanism is not shown in the figure, it is removably attached to the tip of the inner cylinder 69 of the telescopic 27-m 6 using the same means as the bottom-expanding excavation mechanism 7, and the inside of the column A is used to remove steel tower legs, etc. The structure allows it to be filled with earth and sand and compacted after being buried.

In addition, when excavating the column body A and the expanded bottom part B using the above-mentioned deep foundation expanding excavation machine, a television camera 81 and a monitor TV are installed as shown in FIG. 2 so that the deep part can be monitored from the ground. If a monitoring system using the image processing device 82 is also used, the operator can check the excavation status without entering the hole, and safety measures can be greatly improved.

Furthermore, in the submerged foundation-expanding excavation machine, each mechanism for excavating and removing soil in the column body and the bottom-expanding section is operated by switching and operating the solenoid valves through a remote control operation panel installed on the ground. This is done using a control method.

Figure 13 shows the working machine 1 to which the telescopic arm 3 is attached.
The figure shows an example of lifting and lowering equipment and tools using a hoisting crane, and a hoisting crane device 111 is attached to the tip of the boom 2 and cylinder 20 to safely and efficiently lift and lower equipment and tools. I'm trying to make it possible.

The deep foundation-expanding excavation machine of the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, and the excavation method will be explained next.

First, as shown in FIG. 1, the telescoping arm 3 is attached to the tip of the boom 2 of the working machine 1, and the column body is attached to the lower end of the third rectangular tube 13 of this aluminum 3 via the rotation mechanism 4. Excavation mechanism 5
is attached, and the telescopic arm 3 extends and contracts, and the tilting and turning mechanism 4
The column body part A is excavated by rotation of the excavation mechanism 5, etc.

When excavating the column body A, the column body excavation mechanism 5 opens both brush holes 36, 36, starts the vibrator 46 to vibrate, plunges into the ground, and then closes the bucket 36, 36. and retract the telescoping arm 3 to raise the excavation mechanism 5,
Furthermore, by using the up-and-down mechanism of the boom 2 and the turning mechanism of the working machine 1, the bucket 36, 36 is moved to a predetermined location, and the bucket 36, 36 is opened to discharge the soil.

At this time, if the bucket 36.36 is vibrated, soil removal from the bucket 36.36 will be improved.

When excavating the column A, the buckets 36 and 36 of the column excavation mechanism 5 are formed with a cylindrical cross section in the open state, so as shown in FIG. The bucket 36, 36 can be easily installed at any position on the cylindrical cross section of the cylinder, and compared to excavation using the conventional rectangular shell bucket 91 shown in Fig. 11, it is easier to finish the inner circumference of the column. This has the advantage that it can be carried out smoothly and efficiently.

If a simple hook is attached to the vibrating bucket 36 attached to the rotating mechanism 4, it is possible to install the liner play 1-D after excavating the column A and to transport lightweight equipment.

After excavating the column body A, an enlarged bottom part B is formed around the lower part of the column body A.
An anchor 6 is used instead of the column excavation mechanism 5 to excavate the column.
1 and the telescopic 27-arm 6 are attached to the turning mechanism 4 with a quick coupler 27, and a bottom-expanding excavation mechanism 7 is attached to the tip of the inner cylinder 69 of the second arm 6 in accordance with the purpose and soil quality.

Bottom expansion part B0) To perform excavation, install the anchor head plate 67 at the center position on the bottom of the column body, extend it downward while holding the telescoping arm 3 vertically, and attach the lower end of the anchor 61. Insert the center shaft 66 into the center hole 67a of the anchor head plate 67 and attach the anchor 61.
Center.

The bottom-expanding excavation mechanism 7 attached to the tip of the second telescoping arm 6 fixed to the anchor 61 at a predetermined inclination angle is moved around the column body by extending the second telescoping arm 6 to excavate. By the operation of the mechanism 7 and the rotation of the anchor 61 about the center, an enlarged bottom portion B with a homogeneous cross section is excavated with high efficiency. Note that the anchor 61 serves as a reaction force receiver during tip work by the excavation mechanism 7.

When excavating the expanded bottom part B, if the ground is normal, a rotary cuckoo 7b formed to match the shape of the expanded bottom part B is used,
After penetrating with the rotated cutter 7b, the rotating mechanism 4 is rotated to excavate an enlarged bottom portion B coaxial with the columnar portion A.

In addition, if there is rock etc. in the middle of excavating the expanded bottom section, use the hydraulic breaker 7C instead of the rotary cuckoo 7b, and use the bucket 7a for finishing the expanded bottom section B or JJ14 soil. vibrate the excavated bottom part) 7
It is compacted and finished in step d, and a vertical hole consisting of a column part A and an enlarged bottom part B as shown in Fig. 2 is completed.

After burying the steel tower foot material C in the completed vertical hole as shown in Figure 12, the vertical hole is filled with earth and sand and compacted using a rolling mechanism.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to excavate the column body and the expanded bottom portion around its lower end from the ground, and the work efficiency and safety of deep foundation expanded excavation can be greatly improved.

In addition, since the columnar body part and the expanded bottom part are mechanically excavated, manual digging work is no longer required, the working environment is not degraded, and the finishing accuracy of the excavation is greatly improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the drilling machine according to the invention excavates a small hole, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the expanded bottom portion is excavated, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the retracted state of the telescoping arm. ,
Figure 4 is a front view of the excavation bucket, Part 5 is a front view showing the same open state as above, Figure 6 is a side view of the same as above, and Figures 7 to 10 are different examples of the bottom-expanding excavation mechanism. Fig. 7 is a front view of a Hakent, Fig. 8 is a front view of a rotary canter, Fig. 9 is a front view of a hydraulic breaker, Fig. 10 is a front view of a vibrating plate, Figure 11 a and b
1 is a cross-sectional plan view showing the present invention and a conventional example when excavating a vertical hole.
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the completed foundation, and FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the working machine is used as a crane device. 1...Work machine, 2...Boom, 3...Extendable arm, 4...Swivel mechanism, 5...Column body excavation Mechanism, 6...
Telescoping second arm, 7... Bottom-expanding excavation mechanism, 7
a...Bakeno 1-17b...Rotating canter
17c...Hydraulic breaker, 7d...Vibration plate, 11...First rectangular tube, 12...
・Second square tube, 13...Third square tube, 36
...Bald side, 61... Anchor 68... Outer cylinder, 69... Inner cylinder.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A rotating mechanism is provided at the lower end of the telescoping arm, and the column excavation mechanism is detachably attached to the lower part of the rotating mechanism, and an anchor is detachably attached to the lower part of the rotating mechanism, and the arm is swingable. A deep foundation comprising a second telescoping arm, a bottom-expanding excavation mechanism removably attached to the tip of the second telescoping arm, and a compaction mechanism also removably attached to the tip of the second telescoping arm. Bottom-expanding excavation machine. (2) A column excavation mechanism is attached to the lower part of the rotation mechanism provided at the lower end of the telescoping arm, and the column is cut to a predetermined depth by the operation of the column excavation mechanism, the rotation of the rotation mechanism, and the expansion and contraction of the telescoping arm. The body part is excavated, and then, instead of the column body part excavation mechanism, a swingable telescoping second arm having an anchor is attached to the lower part of the rotation mechanism, and the bottom expansion part excavation is carried out at the tip of this second arm. With the mechanism attached and the anchor grounded to the bottom of the column, operate the bottom expansion excavation mechanism, excavate the bottom around the bottom of the column with the anchor as the center, and pour reinforced concrete into the column and the bottom. A deep foundation excavation method in which the pillars are filled with earth and sand and compacted after the foundation is poured. (3) The deep foundation excavation method according to claim 2, wherein the excavation and earth removal of the column part and the bottom part are operated by remote control. (4) The deep foundation widening excavation method according to claim 2, wherein the excavation status of the column part and the bottom widening part is monitored from the ground using a television camera, a monitor TV, etc. (5) The deep foundation excavation method according to claim 2, wherein the telescoping arm is removed from the boom of the work machine to which the telescoping arm is attached, and a crane device is attached to the boom to raise and lower the machinery and tools.