JPH025849B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention enables inexpensive vegetation afforestation by spraying a slurry-like vegetation base material thickly using a pump on bedrock, hard soil, masa soil, mudstone, etc., which have conventionally been considered difficult to avegetate. This is about the construction method that made this possible. Traditionally, even when attempts have been made to green bedrock, hard soil, masa soil, mudstone, etc., the seeds of plants and trees do not take root sufficiently and are washed away by rainfall, or wither due to dryness after germination. In many cases, this is considered to be an extremely difficult task. One possible solution to the above problem is to provide a thick layer of vegetation base material on the surface of the rock so that the seeds of plants and trees can sufficiently germinate and take root. However, it is extremely difficult to obtain a spraying thickness of 40 mm or more that satisfies the above objective by spraying onto the rock once. Therefore, the present inventors have developed a spraying greening method that can achieve the above objectives. Next, the present invention will be explained in detail. (1) Composition of slurry-like vegetation substrate 1 - Kanuma soil, etc. Kanuma soil, floating stones, vermiculite, perlite, etc. (hereinafter referred to as Kanuma soil, etc.), if sufficiently dried in the atmosphere, can be placed in water. However, it is often observed that it takes a considerable amount of time to begin absorbing water due to surface tension. In the method of the present invention, in order to most effectively utilize the water absorption properties of Kanuma soil, etc., a surfactant is diluted to a 10% by weight aqueous solution in granular Kanuma soil, etc., in an amount of 1.0 to 2.0% by weight based on the weight of Kanuma soil, etc. % with a sprayer, or in the case of powder, add 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of Kanuma soil, mix uniformly, and dry until air-dried. The purpose of adding a surfactant is that by adjusting the maximum water absorption time of Kanuma soil, etc. to about 15 to 30 minutes after adding it to the mixer, the fluidity is high from mixing to spraying, but it can be used from the nozzle. After being blown out, it becomes highly concentrated and highly viscous due to water absorption by Kanuma soil, etc., and does not flow away.
The goal is to be fixed and maintained on the slope. In addition, in the conventional method, organic fibers and peat moss were mainly used as the vegetation base material, which had the disadvantage that the thickness of the vegetation base after spraying shrinks, reducing it to almost half the thickness immediately after spraying. In the invented method, Kanuma soil etc. performs the function as an aggregate and prevents the settling of organic fibers, etc., so it is possible to maintain the original thickness at the time of spraying, and at the same time, it has the effect of increasing the porosity in the vegetation base. are doing. Kanuma soil etc. not only absorbs moisture when initially sprayed, but also absorbs rainwater from subsequent rainfall, gradually supplying moisture to the roots of plants when dry. In addition, since the voids are large and the air permeability is good, it has a good effect on the growth of plants. As mentioned above, a major feature of the method of the present invention is that Kanuma soil or the like is used as the main component. 1- Organic fibers Relatively long fiber length for organic fibers10
A combination of one with a fiber length of ~20 mm and one with a relatively short fiber length of 5 mm or less is used. Fibers with a relatively long fiber length are effective for increasing the connection within the vegetation base material and the adhesion force to the slope surface by utilizing the property that they tend to entangle with each other. The materials used are waste paper and old newspapers, which are easily available and inexpensive, cut into pieces of 1 to 2 mm in width and 20 mm in length. It is also possible to use cotton, staple fibers, fiber waste, etc. cut into lengths of about 20 mm or less. Due to the flexibility and short fiber length, the relatively short fibers can conveniently fill the gaps between long fibers and Kanuma soil, etc., and at the same time prevent the vegetation base liquid from slipping inside the pump and hose. Use it to get better. In this case, pulp, pulp slag, etc. are used as the material. Organic fertilizers such as peat moss and bark compost are mixtures of long fibers and short fibers, but these, along with Kanuma soil, etc., form the main body of the vegetation base material, and are themselves In addition to having a fertilizer effect, it also has the effect of adsorbing and retaining moisture and fertilizer, and buffering the fertilizer. 1- Bentonite, etc. Bentonite, china clay, clay (hereinafter collectively referred to as bentonite, etc.), etc. are in the form of fine particles that fill some of the voids in the vegetation base material and improve slipperiness in pumps and hoses. It is used to absorb fertilizer and also has the effect of buffering it. 1- Adhesive Adhesive is used to improve tackiness at the initial stage of spraying and to improve workability inside the pump and hose. Various adhesives are commercially available, but there is no significant difference in effectiveness no matter which one is used. However, since the viscosity varies in strength and weakness, it is necessary to adjust the amount used depending on the brand of the product. 1- Erosion inhibitor After drying, the purpose of the erosion inhibitor is to solidify the materials within the vegetation base material and make the sprayed layer one piece.In particular, by solidifying the surface layer, it will resist external forces such as rain. The resistance increases and the effectiveness of erosion prevention increases. 1- Chemical fertilizers Chemical fertilizers have nothing to do with the germination of plants, so they may not be used when spraying, but in order to improve growth after germination, it is necessary to add 100% to the vegetation base material.
It is better to mix about g/m ² . 1- Seeds Generally, the number of seeds that germinate is 5,000 or more.
The amount should be set to 7,000 lines/m ² . That is, not all of the sprayed seeds will germinate, and the germination rate will vary depending on the state of the bedrock and other conditions, so it is necessary to take these points into consideration when determining the amount of seeds. (2) How to make slurry We will explain specifically how to make slurry. First, put 600 to 700 parts by weight of clean water into a mixer, start stirring, and add 0.01 to 0.04 parts by weight of the adhesive so that it is well dissolved. After the adhesive is well dissolved, add organic fibers (30% to 50% long fibers)
%, short 70% to 50%) 80 to 150 parts by weight, bentonite, etc. 20 to 100 parts by weight, erosion inhibitor 15 to 150 parts by weight
Add 30 parts by weight, then add chemical fertilizer and plant seeds in sequence and stir.Finally, add 100 parts by weight of Kanuma soil etc. treated with a surfactant as explained in 1- above and stir until uniform. A sprayable slurry with high concentration and high viscosity was obtained. (3) Spraying The slurry-like vegetation base material obtained using the method described in the previous section is immediately pumped into a hose using a powerful high-concentration pump, and sprayed onto the rock slope from the nozzle attached to the end of the hose. The thickness of the vegetation base obtained by one spraying is approximately 60 mm when the slope slope is 30 to 40 degrees, and 30 to 50 mm when the slope is 45 to 60 degrees. Even on slopes of 45 to 60 degrees, it is possible to spray to a thickness of around 60 mm if a net is stretched. In addition, similar to the thick layer soil spraying method (commonly called the mud blowing soil method), which was previously applied to areas where it was difficult to create replanting, a large special spraying machine that uses compressed air is used to There is no need to climb up to the top of the mountain to spray, and a mixer mixes the spraying material to create a uniform slurry, which is then pumped through the hose using a powerful high-concentration pump to create an appropriate thickness from the nozzle tip to the slope. Since it is sprayed and can be applied from a flat surface, it is very safe, inexpensive, highly efficient, and highly mobile. (4) When the slope is steep and the slope is smooth, such as on rock; If the slope is steep and smooth, and there is a risk that the vegetation base material will slide, it is necessary to After drilling ² to 5 holes per square meter, 5 to 10 cm in diameter and 7 to 15 cm in depth, spraying is carried out. Furthermore, depending on the situation of the slope, it is advisable to stretch a net having meshes of about 50 mm square on the slope, fix this net with anchor pins, and then perform the spraying described in item (3) above. As explained above, the present invention effectively utilizes the characteristics of Kanuma soil, etc., to achieve thick vegetation greening, which was considered impossible in the past, and adds only a limited amount of other necessary ingredients to achieve a synergistic effect. It is something that Next, an example of an embodiment of the method of the present invention is shown in the drawings. Fig. 1 is an explanatory cross-sectional view when only holes are drilled without using a net and the vegetation construction method is implemented, and Fig. 2 is A cross-sectional view when using a net is shown. In the figure, 1 is the vegetation base material, 2 is the hole, 3 is Kanuma soil, etc.
4 is a wire mesh, 5 is a pin, and 6 is a slope to be sprayed. Next, a more specific explanation will be given with reference to examples. The material combination table used in each example is as follows.

【table】

[Table] Example 1 Pour clean water into a mixer, add the adhesive while rotating the mixer, and dissolve it well. Then add organic fibers, bentonite, etc., erosion preventive agent, chemical fertilizer, and seeds in that order and stir. Then Kanuma soil treated with a surfactant was added and stirred until uniform. The slurry thus obtained was pumped using a powerful high-concentration pump and sprayed onto a 40° slope from a nozzle attached to the end of the hose to form a thick layer of 5 cm thick. We succeeded in applying a vegetation layer. Example 2 First, holes with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 10 cm were drilled at a density of 3 holes/m ² on a rock slope, and the same slurry as in Example 1 was sprayed onto the holes. In this case, the slurry, that is, the vegetation base material, was sprayed so as to fill the holes. As the plants grow, their roots grow into these holes, creating irregularities in the depth of the roots, which provides an anchoring effect and prevents the entire vegetation from sliding down into a disk shape. Example 3 A wire mesh with a mesh of 5 cm was stretched on the slope of the bedrock and fixed with anchor pins of 15 cm in length, and then slurry was sprayed on the mesh to a thickness of 5 cm in the same manner as in Example 1. in this case,
Although the gradient of the slope was 60°, the intended purpose could be fully achieved without the slurry, ie, the vegetation base material, slipping down.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of one embodiment in which no net is used, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view in which a net is used. In the figure, 1: Vegetation base material, 2: Hole, 3: Kanuma soil, etc.
4: Wire mesh, 5: Pin, 6: Slope to be sprayed.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Strong water absorption treated with a surfactant and particle size 3 to 5.
Single or two selected from the group of porous Kanuma soil, floating stone, vermiculite, and perlite.
80 parts by weight of organic fiber per 100 parts by weight of mixture of seeds or more
~150 parts by weight, bentonite, china clay or clay
Add 20 to 100 parts by weight, 15 to 30 parts by weight of an erosion inhibitor, 0.01 to 0.05 parts by weight of an adhesive, 600 to 700 parts by weight of fresh water, an amount of seeds to achieve the desired density, and a small amount of chemical fertilizer, and stir. A thick layer spraying greening method characterized by spraying the obtained sprayable, highly concentrated and highly viscous slurry-like vegetation base material onto the slope surface to be sprayed using a powerful pump. 2 2 to 5 holes with a hole diameter of 5 to 10 cm and a depth of 7 to 15 cm
2. The thick-layer spraying greening method according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation base material is sprayed after drilling holes on the slope to be sprayed at a density of 1/2 particles/m ² . 3. The thick layer spraying greening method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a net with a mesh size of 3 to 7 cm is fixed to the sprayed slope with tension pins, and then the vegetation base material is sprayed.