JPS6231885B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composition constituting a masterbatch for soil replacement used in a greening method.

In recent years, as automobiles have become more popular, roads have been constructed all over the place to accommodate this trend, but roads are often constructed by cutting through mountainous areas due to rising land prices or to ensure high-speed roads. I'm getting old. In this case, since the planned ground height is different from the conventional ground height, cutting is mainly required, and a cut slope will appear on the side of the road. The subsoil of cut slopes is often exposed. In general, the soil structure of the subsoil is unsuitable for vegetation, especially in the case of hard soil and bedrock, it is difficult for roots to penetrate and there is not enough fertilizer nutrients, so it is difficult to expect growth by simply using the seed spraying method. Can not do it. For this reason, it is necessary to create a growth base on the slope. The essential requirements for a growth base are (1) that the topsoil does not move, (2) that sufficient moisture is retained for germination, and (3) that oxygen is appropriately supplied to the soil. 3
There are requirements. One of the construction methods that satisfies these requirements
Recently, a thick-layered soil spraying method with a soil thickness of about 5 to 15 cm has been widely used, but this thick-layered soil spraying method has the disadvantage of being susceptible to erosion, especially immediately after construction. When it rains, not only the surface layer but the entire sprayed layer often collapses from the cut slope. One method to solve this drawback is to mix cement, binder, etc. into the spraying material. However, although adding cement can be somewhat effective in preventing erosion, the strong alkalinity of cement inhibits seed germination, and the strong alkaline components are washed away by rain, leaving the soil close to neutral. It happens that germination does not occur until Therefore, if there is heavy rain during this period, it is likely to be eroded. Even if not eroded, germinable
By the time the pH is reached, the soil hardness is often too high to be suitable for plant growth. Therefore, a neutralizing agent is mixed into cement to create an environment suitable for seed germination, but if enough neutralizing agent is added to completely neutralize the cement, Cohesion is reduced and erosion is more likely to occur. In this way, the method of mixing a neutralizing agent cannot be a fundamental solution.

Another solution is to spray a material based on vegetable fibers. This method mainly uses short fiber peat moss and bark compost as vegetable fibers, and has considerable erosion prevention ability even before and after spraying. However, this method has the disadvantage that since the sprayed growth substrate is mostly organic, there is a risk that it will gradually rot and disappear over a long period of time, and that the material cost is high. For this reason, attempts have been made to add some inorganic materials such as soil and sand, but when these materials are mixed, they tend to be eroded.
Since only a small amount can be mixed in, this cannot be a practical solution. Therefore, a method of incorporating a binder has been proposed, but it has been found that a considerable amount of binder must be used in order to improve the corrosion prevention effect, which is extremely economically disadvantageous. One way to improve this is to spray a binder onto the surface of the sprayed thick layer of soil instead of mixing in a binder, but the binder has no effect until it dries, and if there is rain before it dries, the binder will not be effective. It will be eroded. Even after drying, if there is a long period of rainfall before plants germinate and grow and the slope is protected, the binder swells with water.
The adhesive strength gradually decreases and it begins to erode.
Furthermore, when the surface dries, it becomes hard and becomes unsuitable for plant growth. On the contrary,
In general, various methods for preventing erosion by incorporating fibers have been proposed. The fibers used include mineral slag, long-fiber peat moss, glass fiber, synthetic fibers, chemical fibers, paper fibers, mineral fibers (asbestos), animal fibers, etc. 10362, etc.), but
The method of dispersion is unknown. To explain in detail, although there is a disclosure that fibers are dispersed by putting them into a spray mixer, experiments have shown that relatively long fibers are effective in preventing erosion. When the material, which has been found to be effective in preventing erosion, is put into a mixer and kneaded, the fibers immediately intertwine with each other in the mixer to form a so-called fiber ball, which clogs the spray nozzle and prevents the spraying operation. A situation arises that causes an interruption.
In seed spraying, wood fibers with a length of 5 to 30 mm are used for spraying, but in seed spraying, the main material used in the spraying material is water, which means that the ratio of water to fiber used is generally around 20:1, which is overwhelming. Since there is a large amount of water in the spray, there will be no problem with spraying. However, when spraying a thick layer of soil, the amount of water used is extremely small, resulting in a wet solid phase being mixed together, and if slightly longer fibers, especially thin ones, are mixed in, they immediately form fiber balls and cannot be mixed uniformly with other materials. As a result, the nozzle and hose portion become clogged during spraying work, causing a significant hindrance to spraying work.
Spraying soil mixed with fibers cannot be put to practical use using conventional methods. In addition, the material fell off the slope and became separated from other materials, so the actual situation was that it could hardly be expected to be effective in preventing erosion. These problems are not limited to slopes; similar problems occur in deserts, sand dunes, strongly alkaline areas, strongly acidic areas, and rocky areas where vegetation is difficult to grow, even if the area is flat.

The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive research to overcome the drawbacks of the above-mentioned conventional techniques, and have discovered that a certain length of lightweight fibers can be easily dispersed by using a certain type of vibration dispersion device. . Furthermore, a masterbatch material is prepared by uniformly dispersing fibers in the growth base material, and this masterbatch material is sprayed with a spraying/spreading machine along with secondary mixed materials such as soil, seeds, fertilizer caking agent, water retaining material, and water. When added to the soil, the fibers become entangled with the growth substrate and are evenly dispersed in the secondary mixed material such as earth and sand.Furthermore, when this mixed material is sprayed/dispersed on the target bare ground, the fibers are evenly distributed and tangled. The present invention was realized based on the finding that the entire sprayed/dispersed material can be stably held on the bare ground by using the above method.

That is, the purpose of the present invention is to be able to uniformly distribute relatively long fibers that are effective in preventing erosion in the sprayed/sprayed material, and to stably hold the entire sprayed/sprayed material on bare ground after spraying/spreading. An object of the present invention is to provide a masterbatch composition for soil replacement that can be used in a greening method.

An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for soil replacement used in greening construction methods, comprising a growth base material mainly composed of vegetable fibers and fibers blended in a dispersed state in the growth base material, the composition comprising the above-mentioned fibers. This is achieved by a composition characterized in that the mixing ratio is 3 to 25% based on the total weight of the composition.

Examples of fibers that can be used in the present invention include mineral fibers, glass fibers, mineral fibers, metal fibers,
Paper fibers, animal fibers, synthetic fibers, chemical fibers, etc. can be mentioned. Of these, mineral wool and glass fibers tend to break easily when dispersed and kneaded in the sprayed/dispersed mixture and are weakly entangled, so their erosion prevention effect is relatively small. Mineral fibers with uniform fiber length are difficult to obtain and are also expensive. Metal fibers have few such drawbacks, but the disadvantage is that they are weakly intertwined and easily corrode. Paper fibers have the disadvantage of having low wet strength and being easily eroded. Animal fibers with a fiber length suitable for the present invention are expensive and have the disadvantage of being corrosive. Synthetic fibers and chemical fibers are easy to obtain with fiber lengths suitable for the present invention, and are also relatively inexpensive. However, fibers such as nylon, vinylon, polypropylene, and polyethylene have poor weather resistance, and polyester is easily attacked by soil bacteria. Acrylic fibers do not have the above-mentioned drawbacks and are the most preferred fibers for use in the present invention. However, it is not limited to acrylic fibers, but any fibers having similar shapes and properties can be used. Chemical fibers are not preferred because they are corrosive.

If the fineness of the fiber used in the present invention is less than 10d (denier), it is too thin and has problems in terms of strength.
If it is 50 d or more, it is too thick and the intertwining is weak, and it is also economically disadvantageous. Therefore, the fineness of the fiber is preferably 10 to 50 d, particularly preferably 15 to 30 d. If the crimp is strong, it will be difficult to disperse, so the weaker the crimp, the better. In particular, when the fineness is between 15d and 30d, the spraying/spreading mixture can be well intertwined and stabilized on bare ground even without crimp, so taking into account the ease of dispersion, it is better to have no crimp. preferable.

The length of the fibers used in the present invention is an important factor. That is, when the fiber length is less than 5 mm, the erosion prevention effect is relatively small, and a large amount of soil or earth and sand cannot be mixed into the sprayed/dispersed material. If the fiber length exceeds 20 mm, dispersion becomes somewhat difficult, and even if it can be dispersed, the anti-erosion effect will not be improved, which is economically disadvantageous. That is, the effect of fiber inclusion depends on the number of fibers present in the spray/dispersion material. Therefore, the preferred fiber length is generally 5 to 20 mm, although it depends on the fineness, and the particularly preferred fiber length is 10 to 15 mm.

Next, an example of a method for producing a masterbatch composition for soil replacement used in the greening method according to the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. The first method is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in which a growing substrate V consisting mainly of plant materials such as peat moss and/or bark compost is transferred through a hopper H in the factory or near the site as the case may be. and put it into the mixer M and stir it at a predetermined speed. As the mixer M, for example, a ribbon blender is suitable. On the other hand, a predetermined amount of fibers F is supplied to the mixer M in a dispersed state from a dispersing device D provided above the mixer M, and a master batch composition is prepared in which the predetermined amount of fibers F is uniformly dispersed in the growth base material V. Manufacture.

The second method, as shown in Fig. 3, is to first introduce a growing substrate consisting mainly of plant materials such as peat moss and/or bark compost into a hopper H ₁ in the factory or near the site as the case may be; The growth substrate V ₁ is fed little by little onto a belt conveyor C that has a relatively slow conveyance speed. The supply amount of the growth substrate is determined by the supply amount of the fiber material and the desired fiber mixing rate. Next, the fibers are supplied in a dispersed state from the dispersion machine D ₁ onto the growth base material V ₁ on the belt conveyor C to form a fiber layer F ₁ in which the fibers are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the growth base material V ₁ . . In this way, a masterbatch composition with a uniform distribution of fibers is prepared.

The effect of incorporating fibers depends on the number of fibers present in the spray/dispersion mixture, so in order to achieve the effects of the present invention, the ratio of fibers in the composition should be 3 to 3.
25wt% is required. Particularly preferably 8 to 20 wt%
It is.

An example of a preferred dispersing machine used for producing the masterbatch composition is shown in FIG. The disperser shown in Fig. 4 is a direct impact type vibrating screen in which a rotary vibrator (hereinafter referred to as an RV motor) 1 is directly attached to a screen trough 2, and the screen 3 is formed of a flexible net made of urethane rubber or the like. . The mesh size of the screen 3 is preferably 6 to 12 mm.
It is preferable to loosen the tension of the net a little so that secondary vibration can be applied. This is because if only the primary vibration is used, the fibers become entangled with each other and a good dispersion state cannot be obtained. A hopper 4 for feeding fibers is installed at one end of the screen 3, and a fiber outlet 5 is formed at the bottom of the other end of the screen 3. A mixer M or a belt conveyor C for receiving the fibers falling from the fiber outlet 5 is provided below the fiber outlet 5.

When the fiber F is fed into the hopper 4 of the disperser and the motor 1 is driven, the fiber F from the hopper 4 is
The particles fall in a dispersed manner into the trough 2 through the mesh of the screen 3 due to the vibration. The fibers F that have fallen into the trough are well broken down into single fibers, and are moved forward while being dispersed due to the vibration, from the fiber outlet 5 into the mixer M below or onto the growth base material V on the belt conveyor C. Fall while maintaining a dispersed state. When using the first method, the fibers F are immediately mixed with the growth base material being stirred in the mixer M.
A composition (masterbatch composition) containing a high concentration of in a dispersed state is prepared. In the case of the second method, a fiber layer is formed on the growth base material V,
A masterbatch composition containing a high concentration of dispersed fibers F is prepared. Instead of using the disperser shown in Figure 4, other dispersers capable of dispersing the fibers by secondary vibration can be used, for example, to disperse the fibers from the hopper directly onto the growth substrate, as shown in Figure 2. It is also possible to use a configuration that allows

When implementing the second method, the line arrangement shown in FIG. 3 can be used, for example. In this case, along the movement path of the belt conveyor C, a plurality of growth substrate hoppers H ₁ , H ₂ and a plurality of dispersers D ₁ , D ₂ are provided. According to this line configuration, a predetermined amount of growth base material consisting of bark compost, peat moss, etc. is supplied from the hopper H ₁ onto the belt conveyor C to form the growth base material layer V _{1 , and then the growth base material layer V 1} is supplied from the dispersion machine D ₁ . A fixed amount of fiber is supplied to form a fiber layer F ₁ on the growth substrate V ₁ . Similarly, a predetermined amount of a growth base material consisting of bark compost, peat moss, etc. is supplied from the hopper H ₂ onto the fiber layer F ₁ to form a growth base material layer V ₂ , and a predetermined amount of fiber is supplied from the disperser D ₂ . The fibrous layer _F2 is formed. In this way, an alternating laminate of fibers and growth substrates mainly consisting of bark compost and peat moss (5th
Figure) can be obtained, and a masterbatch composition with more uniformly dispersed fibers can be prepared.

In addition, it is also possible to use a structure in which the fibers are dispersed by moving a dispersion machine on a growth base material laid out in advance, without using a belt conveyor.

In the present invention, "uniformly dispersing the fibers" means (1) uniformly mixing and dispersing the fibers in the growth substrate, (2) thinly and uniformly dispersing the fibers in the growth substrate. , and uniformly dispersing it as a whole in the form of a sandwich sandwich.

The growth substrate may include peat moss and/or bark compost, as well as earth and sand, water retention agents, fertilizers, and soil conditioners. However, if it contains a large amount of earth and sand, it will be heavy and pose problems in transportation.

The fiber concentration in the masterbatch composition, that is, the fiber mixing rate, may be adjusted by an RV motor, and the screen mesh size or shape, the bottom area of the hopper, or the number of dispersers used may be adjusted. You can go with it. Moreover, it can also be carried out by changing the conveyance speed when the growth base material such as bark compost is conveyed by the belt conveyor, and the amount of the growth base material supplied onto the belt conveyor. However, when dispersing fibers in a sandwich pattern, it is not possible to mix uniformly even if more than a certain amount of fibers are dispersed in a certain area of growth substrate, so it is not necessary to mix a large amount of fibers. In some cases, this is done by dispersing fibers on a thinly stretched growth substrate to form multiple layers.

The masterbatch composition prepared in this way is put into a spraying machine together with a secondary mixture containing at least earth and sand, soil, and seeds at the spraying/dispersing site, and after being kneaded becomes a slurry and is applied to the target slope surface. is blown by compressed air. Or spread by a spreader.

The secondary mixed material may include fertilizer, water retention agent, binding agent, soil conditioner, etc. in addition to soil and seeds. When kneading the masterbatch composition with the secondary mixture material, a growth base material such as peat moss or bark compost may be further mixed.
In this case, the amount of growth base material to be included in the masterbatch composition should be at least the amount necessary for fiber dispersion, and the remainder of the growth base material required for the entire spray material should be contained in the secondary mixed material. You can also do it. Seeds may be incorporated into the masterbatch composition if the masterbatch composition is prepared on-site or kneaded with the spray/dispersion material and sprayed/distributed over a short period of time.

As the fertilizer used in the present invention, a fast-acting ordinary chemical fertilizer is used, and the three elements of fertilizer are N, P, and K.
Uses advanced chemical composition mixed with. At that time, since top-dressing is difficult on steep slopes and expressway slopes, add super slow-release fertilizer that retains its fertilizing effect for three years after construction until the vegetation stabilizes without top-dressing. It is preferable. A particularly important N-minute is Tokko Akira.
The urea resin microhollow spheres disclosed in No. 56-1332 are preferred. As the P component, it is preferable to use a material with a high content of releasable phosphoric acid, such as fused phosphorus fertilizer, BM
Preferably, molten phosphorus, molten phosphorus, magnesia heavy phosphorus, bone powder, etc. are used.
Potassium silicate is preferred as the K content.

During kneading and spraying/spreading operations, the fibers in the material are already uniformly dispersed in the masterbatch composition and are uniformly distributed in the spray/spraying material without forming fiber balls, allowing the fibers to pass through the nozzle. No clogging occurs. The thickness of the spray/dispersion is usually about 5 cm, with a maximum thickness of 15 cm. In the thick layer of soil sprayed/spread in this way, the fibers are evenly distributed and intertwined to contain a homogeneous mixture of other input materials, creating an effect similar to that of encircling the root system of a plant. and form a stable vegetation base on the slope.

Next, the effects of the present invention will be illustrated by examples.

Example 1 A soil plot using the masterbatch composition of the present invention and a plot without soil were set up in a sand dune area, and the effects of erosion and scattering prevention and plant growth were compared. The soil area is made by adding and mixing 20% by weight of the masterbatch composition of the present invention with 80% by weight of on-site sand, plant seeds, fertilizer, binder, and water;
Spread and add soil to the surface of the sand dunes to a thickness of 5 cm.
In Mukyendo area, plant seeds and fertilizer are mixed in a 5cm layer.
The area was subdued after irrigation from the top. The plant seeds used were white clover, creeping detox, and seaside bentgrass.

Both areas were left in their natural state, and after a month, erosion occurred.
We investigated scattering prevention and vegetation conditions.

No evidence of erosion due to rain was observed in the soil plots treated with the masterbatch composition of the present invention, and the surface morphology remained the same as at the time of application. However, in the Mukyendo area, water channels were formed due to rainfall, and the surface morphology was quite different from that at the time of spraying construction, as the sand was moved by the wind.

Looking at the growth status of plants, the Hato area showed good growth with a large number of germinated plants and an average plant height of 10.7 cm per 10 plants. On the other hand, in the Mukakudo area, the number of germinated plants was extremely low due to the movement of surface sand and dryness, and the average plant height per 10 plants was 2.8 cm, which was poor growth, the tips of the leaves were deformed, and the plants were on the verge of withering.

As described above, it was confirmed that the soil plots using the masterbatch composition of the present invention have excellent erosion prevention and flying sand prevention effects, and are also good for plant growth.

Example 2 During the rainy season, twice the amount of local sand was mixed with the masterbatch composition of the present invention on deserts and sand dunes, and the mixture was spread almost uniformly to a thickness of 5 cm using a spreader. The plants were not eroded by running water, germination and growth progressed smoothly, and showed growth that could withstand the dry season. Note that black locust was used as the seeds.

As is clear from the above, in the present invention, by preparing in advance a composition as a master batch in which fibers are uniformly distributed in a concentrated state, the composition can be easily mixed with other materials using a spray/spreader. Also, a homogeneous spray/spray material can be prepared without forming fiber balls. Therefore, clogging of the spray/dispersion nozzle, etc. can be prevented, and smooth spray/dispersion work can be performed.
In addition, since the fibers can be uniformly distributed in the sprayed/dispersed material, that is, the soil, when sprayed/dispersed on bare soil, it exhibits extremely excellent erosion resistance, and when used in the soil The effect can be maintained even if soil and soil are added in place of the expensive peat moss and relatively expensive bark compost. Therefore, inexpensive earth and sand and soil can be used extensively, and thick layered soil that is economical and has excellent corrosion resistance can be realized.

Application examples of the masterbatch composition for soil replacement of the present invention include creating a growth base in slope greening work,
Examples include creating a growth base in deserts, sand dunes, strongly acidic soil, strongly alkaline soil, bedrock, etc. When used for slope greening work, it has an excellent effect of preventing runoff caused by rainfall and can form an effective growing base. When used for creating a growing base in deserts and sand dunes, it is effective against runoff caused by wind. It is also effective against erosion and can prevent sand from scattering. Furthermore, cuttings and planting can be carried out on the growth base formed in this way.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 3 are schematic diagrams showing an example of a method for producing a masterbatch composition according to the present invention, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of a dispersing machine used for producing a masterbatch composition, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a layer structure of a composition. M...Blender, C...Belt conveyor, H,
H ₁ , H ₂ ... hopper, D, D ₁ , D ₂ ... disperser,
V, V ₁ , V ₂ ... growth base material, F, F ₁ , F ₂ ... fiber, 1 ... RV motor, 2 ... screen trough, 3 ... screen, 4 ... hopper, 5 ...
Fiber outlet.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 Consists of a growth base material mainly consisting of vegetable fibers and fibers other than vegetable fibers having a length of 5 to 20 mm, which are uniformly dispersed in the growth base material. 1. A masterbatch composition for soil replacement used in a greening method, characterized in that the mixing ratio of the above-mentioned fibers is 3 to 25% based on the total weight of the composition. 2. The masterbatch composition for soil replacement according to claim 1, wherein the fibers have a fineness of 10 to 50 d. 3. The masterbatch composition for soil replacement according to claim 1, wherein the fibers are acrylic fibers. 4. The masterbatch composition for soil replacement according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable fiber is mainly bark compost and/or peat moss. 5. The soil according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion of fibers into the growth base material is achieved by alternately laminating growth base material layers and fiber layers dispersed on the growth base material layer. Masterbatch composition for use.