JPH0235304B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0235304B2 JPH0235304B2 JP56086234A JP8623481A JPH0235304B2 JP H0235304 B2 JPH0235304 B2 JP H0235304B2 JP 56086234 A JP56086234 A JP 56086234A JP 8623481 A JP8623481 A JP 8623481A JP H0235304 B2 JPH0235304 B2 JP H0235304B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- holding member
- image holding
- image
- wear
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 23
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTHDGOQKIWLLCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)OC(=O)C=C UTHDGOQKIWLLCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFZKVQVQOMDJEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(=O)C=C VFZKVQVQOMDJEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFNMBRCFFADNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pirenzepine hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[Cl-].[Cl-].C1CN(C)CCN1CC(=O)N1C2=NC=CC=C2NC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21 FFNMBRCFFADNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14708—Cover layers comprising organic material
- G03G5/14713—Macromolecular material
- G03G5/14747—Macromolecular material obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G5/14752—Polyesters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14704—Cover layers comprising inorganic material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14708—Cover layers comprising organic material
- G03G5/14713—Macromolecular material
- G03G5/14717—Macromolecular material obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G5/14726—Halogenated polymers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14708—Cover layers comprising organic material
- G03G5/14713—Macromolecular material
- G03G5/14717—Macromolecular material obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G5/14734—Polymers comprising at least one carboxyl radical, e.g. polyacrylic acid, polycrotonic acid, polymaleic acid; Derivatives thereof, e.g. their esters, salts, anhydrides, nitriles, amides
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Discharging, Photosensitive Material Shape In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
本発明は静電像および／またはトナー画像を保
持するための像保持部材に関する。
従来トナー画像や静電像が形成される像保持部
材としては電子写真感光体と、その他の像保持部
材とがある。
電子写真感光体は、所定の特性を得るため、あ
るいは適用される電子写真プロセスの種類に応じ
て種々の構成をとる。電子写真感光体の代表的な
ものとして、支持体上に光導電層が形成されてい
る感光体、および表面に絶縁層を備えた感光体が
ある。絶縁層は光導電層の保護、感光体の機械的
強度の改善、暗減衰特性の改善、または特定の電
子写真プロセスに適用、更には無公害化の為等の
目的のために設けられるものである。このように
絶縁層を有する感光体または、絶縁層を有する感
光体を用いる電子写真プロセスの代表的な例は、
例えば、米国特許第2860048号明細書、特公昭41
−16429号公報、特公昭38−15446号公報、特公昭
46−3713号公報、特公昭42−23910号公報、特公
昭43−24748号公報、特公昭42−19747号公報、特
公昭36−4121号公報、などに記載されている。
電子写真感光体には、所定の電子写真プロセス
に適用されて、静電像が形成され、この静電像は
現像されて可視化される。
その他の像保持部材の代表的ないくつかは次に
説明される。
(1) 例えば、特公昭32−7115号公報、特公昭32−
8204号公報、特公昭43−1559号公報に記載され
ているように、電子写真感光体に繰り返し使用
性の改善の目的で、電子写真感光体に形成され
た静電像を他の像保持部材に転写して現像を行
い、次いで、トナー画像は記録体に転写され
る。
(2) または電子写真感光体に形成された静電像に
対応させて他の像保持部材に静電像を形成させ
る電子写真プロセスとして、例えば、特公昭45
−30320号公報、特公昭48−5063号公報、特開
昭51−341号公報などに記載されているように、
多数の微細な開口を有するスクリーン状の電子
写真感光体に所定の電子写真プロセスによつ
て、静電像を形成し、この静電像を介して他の
像保持部材にコロナ帯電処理を行うことによ
り、コロナのイオン流を変調させて、静電像を
他の像保持部材に形成させて、これをトナー現
像して記録体に転写させて最終画像を形成する
プロセスが挙げられる。
このように像保持部材である電子写真加工体ま
たは光導電層を備えていない部材であつて、静電
像又はトナー画像を保持するための像保持部材
は、適用される電子写真プロセスに応じた電気特
性が要求されるが、そればりでなく、像保持部材
の耐久性およびクリーニング性も重要な性質であ
る。耐久性は像保持部材を繰り返し使用する場合
に要求される性質であり、クリーニング性は保持
部材の表面に付着し、残留するトナーの除去の容
易性を決める性質であり、鮮明な画像の形成、更
には、クリーニング手段の損傷防止に著しく影響
を与えるものである。このため、従来、像保持部
材の絶縁層に潤滑剤を分散含有させることが提案
されている。
潤滑剤を分散含有させることによつて、像保持
部材の表面潤滑性が向上し、上に述べたクリーニ
ング性は著しく良好となり、更にはその結果クリ
ーニング手段、及び像保持部材の耐久性は向上す
ることとなる。しかしながら潤滑剤を混入し潤滑
性を高めると、他方において像保持部材の硬度が
若干低下し、コピー使用20万枚程度に於ては、あ
まり問題はないが、50〜100万枚の使用耐久を求
めるときに問題となる。即ち20万枚程度に於て
は、像保持部材表面にクリーニング手段による傷
の発生は画像に反映しない程度であり、像保持部
材の厚さの摩耗減少も10〜20％で静電気的な特性
に於ても実用上の問題の少ない範囲である。もつ
ともこの場合に於ても像保持部材の絶縁樹脂とし
ては電気抵抗の高い、高硬度耐摩耗性の良い材料
を使用した場合に於いてであるから、低硬度の材
料を使用した場合に於ては使用耐久枚数の低下は
当然現われてくる。近時高速複写を目的として機
械に於いて、50〜100万枚の使用耐久性を要求さ
れるが、従来の潤滑剤を混入しクリーニング性を
向上させた像保持部材では50〜100万枚で厚さの
摩耗による減少が50〜100％に達し、実用の点で
なお問題になつている。
本発明は耐久性を改良し、50〜100万枚ものコ
ピーに耐えるクリーニング性の良い、像保持部材
を供することを主たる目的とする、ものである。
即ち本発明の目的は表面摩擦抵抗が小さく、かつ
耐摩耗性の向上を計ることであり、又画像に優れ
ると共にクリーニング手段の損傷の防止を計るこ
とであり、又表面層上のトナーの成膜を防止し、
更に外部からの機械的な衝撃に対し強度の向上を
計ることを目的としたものであり、本発明による
像保持部材は絶縁層に潤滑剤と共に減摩耗材を添
加し、潤滑効果と耐摩耗性の両立を可能とし、上
記の目的を有利に達成したものである。
更に詳述すると、本発明の目的は表面抵抗が小
さく、かつ耐摩耗性の向上を計ることであり、又
画像性に優れると共にクリーニング手段での損傷
の防止を計ることであり、又表面層上のトナーの
成膜を防止し、更に外部からの機械的な衝撃に対
しての強度の向上を計ることを目的としたもの
で、特には耐摩耗性と外部からの機械的な衝撃に
対する強度を従来のものよりもはるかに向上させ
たものである。即ち従来の像保持部材は耐摩耗性
を重視し表面を硬くすれば摩耗はしなくなるが、
もろくなり外部からの衝撃に弱くヒビ割れ等が起
き易くなる。又、ヒビ割れが起きないようにする
ために表面を柔かくすると耐摩耗性が抵下する。
本発明は特にこの二つの事項を満足するために
なされたものであり、更に表面抵抗を小さくし、
画像にも優れ、クリーニング手段での損傷の防
止、又表面層上のトナーの成膜を防止することを
目的とするものである。
本発明に用いる減摩耗材とは硬度の大きい絶縁
性の高い粒径の小さな材料が用いられる。このよ
うな減摩耗材として、適する材料は一般的な研磨
剤としても使用されている物質が多い。しかし研
磨剤として用いられる物質の中には硬度の高いも
のが多いが粒子が大き過ぎたり、絶縁性、吸湿性
が不良であつたりして一部の研磨剤が減摩耗材と
して適する。例えば研磨剤としては、SiO2、Si
（OH）2・nH2O、珪藻土、クレー、カオリン、酸
化クロム、Al（OH）2・xH2O、SiC（カーボランダ
ム）、B4C、Al2O3（アルミナ、ローソーダアルミ
ナ）、CeC2、Al2（SO4）（OH）4、酸化鉄、Si3N4、
MgCO3、CaCO3、酸化バリウム等が挙げられる
が、これら物質のうち本発明の減摩耗材は特に潤
滑剤との混合状態に於て優れた耐摩耗性を発揮
し、また高湿下に於ての高い絶縁性を有するもの
としてSiC、Al2O3、SiO2またはB4Cを用いる。
また、特にSiC、Al2O3が特性的にも使い易さ
の点からも優れており、SiC（シリコンカーバイ
ト、カーボランダム）は粒度＃4000〜8000のもの
が、Al2O3（アルミナ、ホワイトコランダム）も
粒度＃4000〜8000のものが使用され、特にはロー
ソーダアルミナが好ましい。
更には使用する前処理として不純分である種々
のイオン類を、イオン交換処理を行うことも行な
われる。あるいはこれらの減摩耗材表面をシラン
カツプリング剤あるいは有機キタン化合物によつ
て表面処理を行ない像保持部材を形成する絶縁樹
脂との密着を良くしても有効である。
本発明で用いられるシランカツプリング剤の代
表的な化合物は一般式RnSiX4-oで表わされる有
機シラン化合物である。ただしＲは有機置換基、
Ｘは加水分解性の置換基であり、ｎは１〜３の整
数である。置換基Ｒは脂肪族、現状脂肪族、芳香
族、ヘテロ芳香族等炭素数１〜20の任意の有機置
換基であり、このうち少なくとも１つは活性な
基、例えばその中のアルキル基がオレフイン性
基、グリシジル基、メルカプト基、アミノ基、エ
ポキシ基を有する炭素数１〜10のアルキル基もし
くはアルカリール基である。
一方置換基Ｘは、加水分解性の基であり、例え
ばハロゲン、アミン基、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数１
〜４のアルコキシ基等である。
また、イオン交換処理をすることによつて、減
摩耗材に付着あるいは混入しているイオン性の不
純物を除去することができ、像保持部材の電気抵
抗を高く、あるいは吸湿による電気抵抗の低下の
防止を計ることができる。使用されるイオン交換
樹脂は陰イオン、陽イオン、別々にあるいは両イ
オンを混合して水溶液中で減摩耗材と混在し、処
理後イオン交換樹脂を分離使用する。
絶縁樹脂に対する減摩耗材の含有量は樹脂100
部（重量）に対して、減摩耗材５〜40部であり、
共に用いられる潤滑剤の種類、含有量によつて、
あるいは像保持部材表面をクリーニングする手段
によつて適宜決定されるものである。絶縁層への
減摩耗材の混合分散の方法としては潤滑剤と同時
に分散をあるいは別々に行つても目的は達せら
れ、分散助剤を少量添加してボールミル、ホモジ
ナイザー、ロールミル、コロイドミル等一般的に
用いられる分散方法が用いられる。
尚、減摩耗材と共に、本発明において用いられ
る潤滑剤は、ポリテトラフルオルエチレンであ
る。潤滑剤の粒径は、一般に0.01〜30μ、特には
0.05〜15μの範囲が好適である。また絶縁樹脂に
対する潤滑剤の含有量は樹脂100部（重量）に対
して潤滑剤0.1〜80部である。
絶縁層の形成に用いられる絶縁樹脂としては、
多官能ポリエステルアクリレート樹脂が好まし
く、この樹脂は光硬化型樹脂であるが、機械的も
ろさがなく特に外部からの衝撃に対し、ヒビ割れ
等が生じない特性をもつ。
多官能ポリエステルアクリレート樹脂として、
好適なものは官能基として側鎖にアクリル酸基を
有するポリエステル樹脂で、三官能もしくは四官
能のものである。また分子量は、通常700〜5000、
特には1500〜4000のオリゴマーが好適である。多
官能ポリエステル樹脂は反応性の高いアクリル酸
基の多官能体であるので、硬化性が良い。
像保持部材が電子写真感光体である場合の代表
的な構成は光導電層が支持体と絶縁層との間にあ
る積層体である。支持体はステンレス、鋼、アミ
ニウム、錫などの金属板、紙、シート、樹脂フイ
ルムなど任意の材料から形成される。
光導電層はＳ、Se、PbO、及びＳ、Se、Te、
As、Sb等を有した合金が金属間化合物等の無機
光導電材料を真空蒸着して形成される。またスパ
ツタリング法による場合、ZnO、CdS、CdSe、
TiO2等の高融点の光導電物質を支持体に付着さ
せて光導電層とすることもできる。また塗布によ
り光導電層を形成する場合、ポリビニルカルパゾ
ール、アントラセン、フタロシアニン等の有機光
電材料、及びこれらの色素増感やルイス酸増感を
したもの、さらにはこれらの絶縁性バインダーと
の混合物を用い得る。またZnO、CdS、TiO2、
PbO等の無機光導電体の絶縁性バインダーとの混
合物も適する。なお絶縁性のバインダーとして
は、各種樹脂が用いられる。光導電層の厚さは、
使用する光導電物質の種類や特性にもよるが一般
には、５〜100μm、特には10〜50μm程度が好適
である。また、絶縁層と光導電層との間に、潤滑
剤と減摩耗材を含んでいない他の絶縁層が介在す
る構成であつてもよい。また、像保持部材が光導
電層を有していない場合の最も代表的な構成は、
支持体上に本発明の構成からなる絶縁層を形成し
てなるものと、支持体上に潤滑剤と減摩耗材を含
んでいない他の材料からなる絶縁層が形成されて
おり、この絶縁層上に本発明の構成からなる表面
層を塗膜形成してなるものなどがある。本発明に
よる絶縁層は像保持部材の表面摩擦抵抗が小さく
耐摩耗性に即ち耐久性に優れた像保持部材を与
え、また、両画性に優れると共に、クリーニング
手段の損傷も防止でき、また表面層上のトナーの
成膜防止も図られるものである。
本発明において、多官能ポリエステルアクリレ
ート樹脂を基本とする硬化皮膜を表面に有する像
保持部材の製造は通常基体に多官能ポリエステル
アクリレート樹脂を主成分とする塗料を塗布し、
これに硬化エネルギーを付与することによる。硬
化エネルギーとしては、熱、光、電離性放射線
（電子線・Ｘ線・α線・β線など）などの塗料硬
化特性に応じて硬化エネルギーの種類は適宜選択
される。
塗料の調整には多官能ポリエステルアクリレー
ト樹脂を有機溶剤に溶解させてもよいし、溶剤の
代わりにもしくは溶剤と共にヘキサンジオールア
クリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリ
レート、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレー
ト、プロピレングリコールジアクリレート、プロ
ピレングリコールジアクリレート等およびこれら
のメタクリレート等のアクリルオリゴマーを加え
ても有効である。これらのアクリルオリゴマー
は、粘度の調節、塗工性改善、および反応性、硬
度等の諸特性の調節のために用いるものである。
塗料には、更に必要に応じて各種重合開始剤が添
加される。
以下、実施例をもつて本発明を述べる。
実施例 １
絶縁樹脂として、光硬化型多官能ポリエステル
アクリレート樹脂（アロニクスM7000X、東亜合
成）、100重量部、潤滑剤として低分子量四フツ化
エチレン樹脂粉末（商品名：ルブロンＬ−２、ダ
イキン製）80重量部、分散助剤としてポリビニル
プチラール（商品名：オスレツクBM−１、積水
化学製）２重量部、更に減摩耗材としてアルミナ
微粉末Al2O3（商品名：ホワイトアランダム
＃8000、不二見研磨材製）30重量部溶剤としてメ
チルエチルケトン100重量部加え混合分散撹拌し、
アルミナボールミルに投入し24時間回転分散を行
う。混合液をボールミルより取り出し＃250メツ
シユ布で過し、粘度を溶剤としてメチルエチ
ルケトンで200cpsに調整しAl円筒状基体
（200φ／400mm）上に浸漬塗布により、25μの膜厚
に塗布形成し4kw高圧水銀灯を３分間照射乾燥硬
化させ、像保持部材を得た。この試料を(A)とす
る。一方、試料(A)と同様の処方から減摩耗材であ
るアルミナ微粉末を除去した処方の絶縁樹脂と潤
滑剤とから成る像保持部材を同様に得た。この試
料を(B)とする。得られた試料を静電保持部材とし
て、先に説明したCdSスクリーン感光体を使用し
た電子写真プロセスに従つて、像保持部材上に静
電潜像を形成し、乾式ポジトナーによつてブラシ
現像し転写紙に写し、ウレタンクリーニングブレ
ードでトナーを除去し、その後像保持部材表面を
更にクリーニングウエブ紙（表面にCeO2バイン
ダー層を塗布した）で研磨、刷新するプロセスに
よつてそれぞれの試料を耐久テストした。クリー
ニングウエブ紙で像保持部材表面を研磨刷新する
効果としては、表面に残留するトナー劣化の完全
なる除去、潤滑性の確保が挙げられる。その結果
試料(A)は100万枚上記プロセスによる画出を繰返
した後も殆ど像保持部材表面の損傷はなく、クリ
ーニング性も良好で厚さの減少も５％〜７％の範
囲であり、傷とともに画像への影響は全く無い。
それに比較して試料(B)は20万枚までは像保持部材
表面の損傷はなく、クリーニングは良好で厚さの
減少も８〜10％にとどまつていたが50万枚には、
像保持部材表面のところどころが深く傷つき、ク
リーニング性は良好であるが厚さの変化も20％〜
25％に達し画像にも黒にスジ状のムラとなつて現
われ、もはや実用的では無くなつた。
実施例 ２
絶縁樹脂材料として多官能ポリエステルアクリ
レート樹脂（アロニクス8060、東亜合成）を潤滑
剤分散剤としては実施例１と同様のものを用い、
減摩耗材としてはSiC（シリコンカーバイト）（商
品名：Ｇ−Ｃ＃8000、不二見研磨材製）を使用し
てボールミルにて、塗布液を作成し、Alシリン
ダー上に像保持部材を形成した。実施例１と同様
のプロセスを用い、画像出し、耐久テストを行つ
た結果100万枚まで殆ど像保持部材表面の損傷は
なくクリーニング性も良好で厚さの減少も５〜７
％の範囲で画像への影響は全くなく良好な画質を
得ることができた。
以上説明したように本発明に係る像保持部材は
表面摩擦抵抗が小さく、耐摩耗性（即ち耐久
性）に優れる。
画像性に優れると共に、クリーニング手段の
損傷も防止できる。
表面層上のトナーの成膜防止。
外部からの機械的な衝撃に対し強い。
等の著効を示すものである。
実施例 ３
絶縁樹脂として、光硬化型多官能ポリエステル
アクリレート樹脂（アロニクスM7000X、東亜合
成）、100重量部、潤滑剤として低分子量四フツ化
エチレン樹脂粉末（商品名：ルブロン：Ｌ−２、
ダイキン製）80重量部、分散助剤としてポリビニ
ルブチラール（商品名：エスレツクBM−１、積
水化学製）２重量部、更に減摩耗材としてアルミ
ナ微粉末Al2O3（商品名：ホワイトアランダム
＃8000、不二見研磨材製）30重量部溶剤としてメ
チルエチルケトン100重量部加え混合分散撹拌し、
アルミナボールミルに投入し24時間回転分散を行
う。混合液をボールミルより取り出し＃250メツ
シユ布で過し、粘度を溶剤としてメチルエチ
ルケトンで200cpsに調整しAl円筒状基体（200φ
×400mm）上に浸漬塗布により、25μの膜厚に塗
布形成し4kw高圧水銀灯を３分間照射乾燥硬化さ
せ、像保持部材を得た。この試料を(A)とする。一
方、絶縁樹脂として、光硬化型多官能エポキシア
クリレート樹脂（ユニデイツクＶ−5505大日本イ
ンキ製）100重量部、硬化剤（２−エチレンアン
トラキノン、三井東圧製）２重量部、潤滑剤とし
て低分子量四フツ化エチレン樹脂粉末（商品名：
ルブロンＬ−２、ダイキン製）80重量部、分散助
剤としてポリビニルブチラール（商品名：エスレ
ツクBM−１、積水化学製）２重量、更に減摩耗
材としてアルミナ微粉末Al2O3（商品名：ホワイ
トアランダム＃8000、不二見研磨材製）30重量部
溶剤としてメチルエチルケトン100重量部加え混
合分散撹拌し、アルミナボールミルに投入し24時
間回転分散を行う。混合液をボールミルより取り
出し＃250メツシユ布で過し、粘度を溶剤と
してメチルエチルケトンで200cpsに調整しAl円
筒状基体（200φ×400mm）上に浸漬塗布により、
25μの膜厚に塗布形成し4kw高圧水銀灯を３分間
照射乾燥硬化させ、像保持部材を得た。この試料
を(B)とする。得られた試料を静電像保持部材とし
て、先に説明したCdSスクリーン感光体を使用し
た電子写真プロセスに従つて、像保持部材上に静
電潜像を形成し、乾式ポシトナーによつてブラシ
現像し、転写紙に転写し、ウレタンクリーニング
ブレードでトナーを除去し、そのの後像保持部材
表面を更にクリーニングウエブ紙（表面にCeO2
バインダー層を塗布した）で研磨、刷新するプロ
セスによつてそれぞれの試料を耐久テストした。
クリーニングウエブ紙で像保持部材表面を研磨刷
新する効果としては、表面に残留するトナー劣化
の完全なる除去、潤滑性の確保が挙げられる。そ
の結果、試料(A)は100万枚上記プロセスをくり返
した後も像保持部材表面の損傷及びヒビ割れはな
くクリーニング製も良好で厚さの減少も５％〜７
％範囲であり傷とともに画像への影響は全くな
い。それに比較して試料(B)は１万枚で像保持部材
表面にヒビ割れが生じ始め10万枚では多数のヒビ
割れが現れててきた。
更に、実施例３の試料(A)において用いた光硬化
型多官能ポリエステルアクリレート樹脂に代えて
第１表の絶縁性樹脂を用いた以外は同様に像保持
部材に作製した。
The present invention relates to an image holding member for holding an electrostatic image and/or a toner image. Conventionally, image holding members on which toner images and electrostatic images are formed include electrophotographic photoreceptors and other image holding members. Electrophotographic photoreceptors have various configurations in order to obtain predetermined characteristics or depending on the type of electrophotographic process to which they are applied. Typical electrophotographic photoreceptors include a photoreceptor having a photoconductive layer formed on a support, and a photoreceptor having an insulating layer on the surface. The insulating layer is provided for the purpose of protecting the photoconductive layer, improving the mechanical strength of the photoreceptor, improving the dark decay characteristics, applying it to a specific electrophotographic process, and furthermore, making it non-polluting. be. A typical example of an electrophotographic process using a photoconductor having an insulating layer or a photoconductor having an insulating layer is as follows.
For example, US Patent No. 2860048, Japanese Patent Publication No. 41
−16429 Publication, Special Publication No. 38-15446, Special Publication No. 15446, Special Publication No.
They are described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 46-3713, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-23910, Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-24748, Japanese Patent Publication No. 19747-1974, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4121-1974, and the like. A predetermined electrophotographic process is applied to the electrophotographic photoreceptor to form an electrostatic image, and this electrostatic image is developed and visualized. Some representative image bearing members will be described next. (1) For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 32-7115, Japanese Patent Publication No. 32-7115,
As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 8204 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-1559, for the purpose of improving the repeatability of electrophotographic photoreceptors, electrostatic images formed on electrophotographic photoreceptors are transferred to other image holding members. The toner image is then transferred to a recording medium. (2) Or as an electrophotographic process in which an electrostatic image is formed on another image holding member in correspondence with an electrostatic image formed on an electrophotographic photoreceptor, for example,
As stated in Japanese Patent Publication No. 30320, Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-5063, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 51-341, etc.
Forming an electrostatic image on a screen-shaped electrophotographic photoreceptor having a large number of minute openings by a predetermined electrophotographic process, and performing corona charging treatment on other image holding members via this electrostatic image. This includes a process in which an electrostatic image is formed on another image holding member by modulating the ion flow of the corona, and this is developed with toner and transferred to a recording medium to form a final image. In this way, an electrophotographic processing body that is an image holding member or a member that is not provided with a photoconductive layer and that holds an electrostatic image or a toner image is selected according to the electrophotographic process to which it is applied. Although electrical properties are required, the durability and cleanability of the image holding member are also important properties. Durability is a property required when an image holding member is used repeatedly, and cleanability is a property that determines the ease of removing residual toner that adheres to the surface of the holding member. Furthermore, it significantly affects the prevention of damage to the cleaning means. For this reason, it has conventionally been proposed to disperse and contain a lubricant in the insulating layer of the image holding member. By dispersing the lubricant, the surface lubricity of the image holding member is improved, the above-mentioned cleaning performance is significantly improved, and as a result, the durability of the cleaning means and the image holding member is improved. It happens. However, if a lubricant is mixed in to increase the lubricity, the hardness of the image holding member will decrease slightly, and although there is no problem when copying about 200,000 copies, it will not last for 500,000 to 1,000,000 copies. This becomes a problem when searching. In other words, when approximately 200,000 sheets are processed, scratches caused by the cleaning means on the surface of the image holding member will not be reflected in the image, and the wear reduction in the thickness of the image holding member will be reduced by 10 to 20%, resulting in static electricity. This is also within a range where there are few practical problems. Of course, even in this case, this is true when a material with high electrical resistance, high hardness, and good wear resistance is used as the insulating resin for the image holding member; however, when a material with low hardness is used, Naturally, the number of durable sheets will decrease. Recently, machines for high-speed copying are required to have a durability of 500,000 to 1,000,000 sheets, but conventional image holding members that contain lubricant and have improved cleaning performance can only last for 500,000 to 1,000,000 sheets. The reduction in thickness due to wear reaches 50-100%, which is still a problem in practical terms. The main object of the present invention is to provide an image holding member with improved durability and good cleaning properties that can withstand 50 to 1 million copies.
That is, the purpose of the present invention is to reduce surface frictional resistance and improve wear resistance, to provide excellent images and to prevent damage to cleaning means, and to reduce toner film formation on the surface layer. prevent,
Furthermore, the image holding member according to the present invention is intended to improve the strength against external mechanical shocks, and the image holding member according to the present invention has a lubricant and an anti-wear material added to the insulating layer to improve the lubrication effect and wear resistance. This makes it possible to achieve both of the following, and advantageously achieves the above objectives. More specifically, the purpose of the present invention is to reduce surface resistance and improve abrasion resistance, to provide excellent image quality and to prevent damage caused by cleaning means, and to reduce surface resistance and improve abrasion resistance. The purpose is to prevent the toner from forming a film and also to improve the strength against external mechanical shocks. This is a much improved version of the previous model. In other words, conventional image holding members emphasize wear resistance, and if the surface is hardened, they will not wear out.
It becomes brittle and susceptible to external shocks, making it more likely to crack. Furthermore, if the surface is made soft to prevent cracking, the wear resistance will be reduced. The present invention has been made specifically to satisfy these two matters, and further reduces the surface resistance.
The purpose is to provide excellent images, prevent damage caused by cleaning means, and prevent toner from forming a film on the surface layer. The wear-reducing material used in the present invention is a material with high hardness, high insulation properties, and small particle size. Many of the materials suitable for such wear-reducing materials are substances that are also used as general abrasives. However, many of the substances used as abrasives have high hardness, but their particles are too large, or their insulation and moisture absorption properties are poor, making some abrasives suitable as wear-reducing materials. For example, as abrasives, SiO 2 , Si
(OH) 2・nH 2 O, diatomaceous earth, clay, kaolin, chromium oxide, Al(OH) 2・xH 2 O, SiC (carborundum), B 4 C, Al 2 O 3 (alumina, low soda alumina), CeC 2 , Al 2 (SO 4 )(OH) 4 , iron oxide, Si 3 N 4 ,
Examples include MgCO 3 , CaCO 3 , barium oxide, etc. Among these substances, the wear-reducing material of the present invention exhibits excellent wear resistance especially when mixed with a lubricant, and also exhibits excellent wear resistance under high humidity conditions. SiC, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 or B 4 C is used as a material with high insulating properties. In addition, SiC and Al 2 O 3 are particularly superior in terms of properties and ease of use, and SiC (silicon carbide, carborundum) with a particle size of #4000 to 8000 is superior to Al 2 O 3 (alumina). , white corundum) with a particle size of #4000 to #8000 are also used, and low soda alumina is particularly preferred. Furthermore, as a pretreatment for use, various impurity ions are subjected to ion exchange treatment. Alternatively, it is effective to treat the surface of these wear-reducing materials with a silane coupling agent or an organic chitan compound to improve adhesion to the insulating resin forming the image holding member. A typical compound of the silane coupling agent used in the present invention is an organic silane compound represented by the general formula RnSiX 4-o . However, R is an organic substituent,
X is a hydrolyzable substituent, and n is an integer of 1 to 3. The substituent R is any organic substituent having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as aliphatic, currently aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, etc., at least one of which is an active group, for example, an alkyl group therein is an olefin group. It is an alkyl group or alkaryl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which has a glycidyl group, a mercapto group, an amino group, or an epoxy group. On the other hand, the substituent X is a hydrolyzable group, such as halogen, amine group, hydroxy group, carbon number 1
-4 alkoxy groups, etc. In addition, by performing ion exchange treatment, it is possible to remove ionic impurities attached to or mixed in the wear-reducing material, increasing the electrical resistance of the image holding member or reducing the decrease in electrical resistance due to moisture absorption. Prevention can be measured. The ion exchange resins used are anions and cations, either individually or as a mixture of both ions, mixed with the anti-wear material in an aqueous solution, and after treatment, the ion exchange resin is separated and used. The content of anti-wear material to insulating resin is 100% resin.
part (weight), the wear reducing material is 5 to 40 parts,
Depending on the type and content of the lubricant used,
Alternatively, it is appropriately determined by means for cleaning the surface of the image holding member. As a method of mixing and dispersing the wear-reducing material into the insulating layer, the purpose can be achieved by dispersing it simultaneously with the lubricant or separately, and by adding a small amount of a dispersion aid, it can be mixed and dispersed with a ball mill, homogenizer, roll mill, colloid mill, etc. The dispersion method used in The lubricant used in the present invention together with the wear-reducing material is polytetrafluoroethylene. The particle size of lubricant is generally 0.01~30μ, especially
A range of 0.05 to 15μ is suitable. The content of the lubricant in the insulating resin is 0.1 to 80 parts per 100 parts (weight) of the resin. Insulating resins used for forming the insulating layer include:
A polyfunctional polyester acrylate resin is preferred, and although this resin is a photocurable resin, it has the property of not being mechanically brittle and does not crack, especially when subjected to external impact. As a polyfunctional polyester acrylate resin,
Preferred is a polyester resin having an acrylic acid group in the side chain as a functional group, and is trifunctional or tetrafunctional. In addition, the molecular weight is usually 700 to 5000,
In particular, oligomers of 1,500 to 4,000 are suitable. Since the polyfunctional polyester resin is a highly reactive polyfunctional acrylic acid group, it has good curability. When the image holding member is an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a typical structure is a laminate in which a photoconductive layer is between a support and an insulating layer. The support is formed from any material such as a metal plate such as stainless steel, steel, aminium, or tin, paper, sheet, or resin film. The photoconductive layer is S, Se, PbO, and S, Se, Te,
An alloy containing As, Sb, etc. is formed by vacuum deposition of an inorganic photoconductive material such as an intermetallic compound. In addition, when using the sputtering method, ZnO, CdS, CdSe,
A high melting point photoconductive material such as TiO 2 can also be deposited on the support to form the photoconductive layer. In addition, when forming a photoconductive layer by coating, organic photoconductive materials such as polyvinylcarpazole, anthracene, and phthalocyanine, dye-sensitized or Lewis acid-sensitized products of these materials, and mixtures of these with insulating binders are used. Can be used. Also ZnO, CdS, TiO 2 ,
Mixtures of inorganic photoconductors such as PbO with insulating binders are also suitable. Note that various resins are used as the insulating binder. The thickness of the photoconductive layer is
Although it depends on the type and characteristics of the photoconductive material used, it is generally 5 to 100 .mu.m, particularly about 10 to 50 .mu.m. Further, another insulating layer that does not contain a lubricant and an anti-wear material may be interposed between the insulating layer and the photoconductive layer. In addition, the most typical configuration when the image holding member does not have a photoconductive layer is as follows:
An insulating layer having the structure of the present invention is formed on a support, and an insulating layer made of another material that does not contain a lubricant and an anti-wear material is formed on the support. There are those formed by forming a coating film on top of the surface layer having the structure of the present invention. The insulating layer according to the present invention provides an image holding member with low surface friction resistance and excellent abrasion resistance, that is, durability, and also has excellent image holding properties, prevents damage to the cleaning means, and It is also intended to prevent toner from forming a film on the layer. In the present invention, an image holding member having a cured film based on a polyfunctional polyester acrylate resin on its surface is usually manufactured by coating a substrate with a paint containing a polyfunctional polyester acrylate resin as a main component,
By applying curing energy to this. The type of curing energy, such as heat, light, and ionizing radiation (electron beams, X-rays, α-rays, β-rays, etc.), is appropriately selected depending on the curing characteristics of the coating material. To prepare the paint, polyfunctional polyester acrylate resin may be dissolved in an organic solvent, or hexanediol acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol can be used instead of or together with the solvent. It is also effective to add acrylic oligomers such as diacrylates and methacrylates thereof. These acrylic oligomers are used to adjust viscosity, improve coating properties, and adjust various properties such as reactivity and hardness.
Various polymerization initiators are further added to the coating material as necessary. The present invention will be described below with reference to Examples. Example 1 100 parts by weight of a photocurable polyfunctional polyester acrylate resin (Aronix M7000X, Toagosei Co., Ltd.) as an insulating resin, and low molecular weight tetrafluoroethylene resin powder (product name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin) as a lubricant. 80 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight of polyvinyl petyral (trade name: Osretsu BM-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical) as a dispersion aid, and fine alumina powder Al 2 O 3 (trade name: White Alundum #8000, as a wear-reducing material). Add 30 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone (manufactured by Fujimi Abrasive) and 100 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent, mix, disperse and stir.
Pour into an alumina ball mill and perform rotational dispersion for 24 hours. The mixed solution was taken out from the ball mill, filtered through #250 mesh cloth, adjusted to a viscosity of 200 cps with methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent, and coated on an Al cylindrical substrate (200φ/400 mm) to form a 25μ thick film using a 4kw high-pressure mercury lamp. was irradiated and dried for 3 minutes to obtain an image holding member. This sample is called (A). On the other hand, an image holding member made of an insulating resin and a lubricant having the same formulation as sample (A) but with the alumina fine powder as a wear reducing material removed was similarly obtained. This sample is called (B). Using the obtained sample as an electrostatic holding member, an electrostatic latent image was formed on the image holding member according to the electrophotographic process using the CdS screen photoreceptor described earlier, and developed with a brush using dry positive toner. Each sample was tested for durability through a process in which it was transferred onto transfer paper, the toner was removed with a urethane cleaning blade, and the surface of the image holding member was further polished and renewed with a cleaning web paper (with a CeO 2 binder layer coated on the surface). did. The effects of polishing and renewing the surface of the image holding member with cleaning web paper include complete removal of toner deterioration remaining on the surface and ensuring lubricity. As a result, sample (A) had almost no damage to the surface of the image holding member even after 1 million images were repeatedly produced using the above process, and the cleaning performance was good, and the thickness reduction was in the range of 5% to 7%. There are no scratches or any effect on the image.
In comparison, for sample (B), there was no damage to the surface of the image holding member until 200,000 sheets were printed, the cleaning was good, and the thickness reduction was only 8 to 10%, but after 500,000 sheets,
The surface of the image holding member is deeply scratched here and there, and although cleaning is good, the thickness changes by ~20%.
When the ratio reached 25%, streak-like unevenness appeared on the images, making it no longer practical. Example 2 A polyfunctional polyester acrylate resin (Aronix 8060, Toagosei) was used as the insulating resin material, and the same as in Example 1 was used as the lubricant dispersant.
Using SiC (silicon carbide) (product name: G-C#8000, manufactured by Fujimi Abrasive Materials) as the wear-reducing material, a coating solution was created using a ball mill, and an image holding member was formed on the Al cylinder. did. Using the same process as in Example 1, we produced an image and conducted a durability test. As a result, there was almost no damage to the surface of the image holding member up to 1 million copies, the cleaning performance was good, and the thickness decreased by 5 to 7.
% range, there was no effect on the image at all and good image quality could be obtained. As explained above, the image holding member according to the present invention has low surface frictional resistance and excellent wear resistance (that is, durability). Not only is the image quality excellent, but also damage to the cleaning means can be prevented. Prevents toner film formation on the surface layer. Strong against external mechanical shock. This shows the effectiveness of these methods. Example 3 100 parts by weight of a photocurable polyfunctional polyester acrylate resin (Aronix M7000X, Toagosei Co., Ltd.) was used as an insulating resin, and low molecular weight tetrafluoroethylene resin powder (product name: Lubron: L-2,
80 parts by weight (manufactured by Daikin), 2 parts by weight of polyvinyl butyral (product name: Eslec BM-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical) as a dispersion aid, and fine alumina powder Al 2 O 3 (product name: White Alundum #) as a wear-reducing agent. 8000, manufactured by Fujimi Abrasive) 30 parts by weight Add 100 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent, mix, disperse and stir.
Pour into an alumina ball mill and perform rotational dispersion for 24 hours. The mixed solution was taken out from the ball mill, passed through #250 mesh cloth, adjusted to a viscosity of 200 cps with methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent, and coated on an Al cylindrical substrate (200φ
x 400 mm) by dip coating to a film thickness of 25 μm, and irradiated with a 4 kW high-pressure mercury lamp for 3 minutes to dry and cure, to obtain an image holding member. This sample is called (A). On the other hand, as an insulating resin, 100 parts by weight of a photocurable polyfunctional epoxy acrylate resin (Unidik V-5505 manufactured by Dainippon Ink), 2 parts by weight of a curing agent (2-ethylene anthraquinone, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu), and a low molecular weight lubricant. Tetrafluoroethylene resin powder (product name:
80 parts by weight of LeBlon L-2 (manufactured by Daikin), 2 parts by weight of polyvinyl butyral (product name: ESLETSUKU BM-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical) as a dispersion aid, and fine alumina powder Al 2 O 3 (product name: product name) as a wear-reducing material. 30 parts by weight of White Alundum #8000 (manufactured by Fujimi Abrasives) Add 100 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent, mix and disperse, stir, and place in an alumina ball mill for 24 hours of rotational dispersion. The mixed solution was taken out from the ball mill, passed through a #250 mesh cloth, the viscosity was adjusted to 200 cps using methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent, and the mixture was applied by dip coating onto an Al cylindrical substrate (200φ x 400mm).
The film was coated to a thickness of 25μ and dried and cured by irradiation with a 4kw high-pressure mercury lamp for 3 minutes to obtain an image holding member. This sample is called (B). Using the obtained sample as an electrostatic image-holding member, an electrostatic latent image was formed on the image-holding member according to the electrophotographic process using the CdS screen photoreceptor described above, and developed with a brush using dry positoner. The toner is then transferred to transfer paper, the toner is removed with a urethane cleaning blade, and then the surface of the image holding member is further coated with cleaning web paper (CeO 2 on the surface).
Each specimen was tested for durability through a polishing and refurbishing process (with a binder layer applied).
The effects of polishing and renewing the surface of the image holding member with cleaning web paper include complete removal of toner deterioration remaining on the surface and ensuring lubricity. As a result, even after repeating the above process for 1 million copies of sample (A), there was no damage or cracks on the surface of the image holding member, the cleaning quality was good, and the thickness was reduced by 5% to 7.
% range, and there are no scratches or any effect on the image. In comparison, for sample (B), cracks began to appear on the surface of the image holding member after 10,000 sheets, and many cracks began to appear after 100,000 sheets. Further, an image holding member was produced in the same manner except that the insulating resin shown in Table 1 was used in place of the photocurable polyfunctional polyester acrylate resin used in Sample (A) of Example 3.
【表】
得られた静電像保持部材を実施例３と同様の電
子写真プロセスで耐久テストを行つた。その結果
を第２表に示す。[Table] The obtained electrostatic image holding member was subjected to a durability test using the same electrophotographic process as in Example 3. The results are shown in Table 2.
【表】【table】
Claims (1)
面に絶縁層を有する像保持部材において、絶縁層
が多官能ポリエステルアクリレート樹脂を基本と
し、潤滑剤として基本樹脂100重量部に対し0.1〜
80重量部のポリテトラフルオルエチレンと、減摩
耗材として基本樹脂100重量部に対し５〜40重量
部のSiC、Al2O3、SiO2またはB4Cとを分散含有
することを特徴とする像保持部材。1. In an image holding member having an insulating layer on the surface for holding an electrostatic image and a toner image, the insulating layer is based on a polyfunctional polyester acrylate resin, and the lubricant is 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the basic resin.
It is characterized by containing 80 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene and 5 to 40 parts by weight of SiC, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 or B 4 C dispersed in 100 parts by weight of the basic resin as an abrasion reducing material. image holding member.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8623481A JPS57201240A (en) | 1981-06-04 | 1981-06-04 | Image holding member |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8623481A JPS57201240A (en) | 1981-06-04 | 1981-06-04 | Image holding member |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57201240A JPS57201240A (en) | 1982-12-09 |
| JPH0235304B2 true JPH0235304B2 (en) | 1990-08-09 |
Family
ID=13881099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8623481A Granted JPS57201240A (en) | 1981-06-04 | 1981-06-04 | Image holding member |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57201240A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62280753A (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1987-12-05 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Reforming method for high-purity selenium |
| JPH02144551A (en) * | 1988-11-28 | 1990-06-04 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
| SG47124A1 (en) * | 1993-01-06 | 1998-03-20 | Canon Kk | Electrophotographic photosensitive member electrophotographic apparatus using same and device unit using same |
| JP6165307B2 (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2017-07-19 | 三菱鉛筆株式会社 | Non-aqueous dispersion of fluororesin |
| JP6033939B1 (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2016-11-30 | 三菱鉛筆株式会社 | Non-aqueous dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5545024A (en) * | 1978-09-27 | 1980-03-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and preparation thereof |
| JPS55105252A (en) * | 1979-02-07 | 1980-08-12 | Canon Inc | Image carrying material |
| JPS55142359A (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1980-11-06 | Canon Inc | Image bearing material |
| JPS5651754A (en) * | 1979-10-04 | 1981-05-09 | Canon Inc | Image preserving material |
-
1981
- 1981-06-04 JP JP8623481A patent/JPS57201240A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5545024A (en) * | 1978-09-27 | 1980-03-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and preparation thereof |
| JPS55105252A (en) * | 1979-02-07 | 1980-08-12 | Canon Inc | Image carrying material |
| JPS55142359A (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1980-11-06 | Canon Inc | Image bearing material |
| JPS5651754A (en) * | 1979-10-04 | 1981-05-09 | Canon Inc | Image preserving material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57201240A (en) | 1982-12-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE60301084T2 (en) | Developer carrier, development apparatus in which this developer carrier is used and process cartridge in which this developer carrier is used | |
| US6899983B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photoconductor, electrophotographic apparatus and process cartridge | |
| US3847606A (en) | Protecting photoconductor surfaces | |
| JP7060921B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photosensitive members, process cartridges and electrophotographic equipment | |
| DE69512575T2 (en) | Electrographic device and imaging process | |
| US5242776A (en) | Organic photosensitive member having fine irregularities on its surface | |
| JPS6330850A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive body | |
| JPH01177557A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive body | |
| US4658756A (en) | Imaging holding member | |
| JPH0235304B2 (en) | ||
| US9910398B2 (en) | Electrophotographic image forming apparatus containing organic photoreceptor, unit for supplying lubricant, and cleaning blade | |
| JP2507190B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| CA1064712A (en) | Composition and method for repairing selenium photoreceptors | |
| EP0430284A1 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| CN101063852A (en) | Image forming apparatus, process cartridge used therein, and production method of charging roller | |
| US20170131645A1 (en) | Intermediate transfer member and image forming apparatus | |
| JP2011085621A (en) | Image forming apparatus | |
| JPS58153939A (en) | Electrophotographic receptor | |
| JP2012042777A (en) | Electrophotographic image forming apparatus | |
| JP2011095648A (en) | Image forming apparatus | |
| JP3938043B2 (en) | Method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member | |
| JP2507187B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| JP2005043818A (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus | |
| JP2023043150A (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device | |
| JPH1078673A (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge with same and electrophotographic device |