【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
産業上の利用分野
この発明は、パルプモールド製の台、１１！７ボツト内
に詰められて野菜や花等の苗を育苗する培土に関する。
従来技術
彷、来、樹脂製の育苗ポットで野菜や花の、Ｗ Ｒ育苗
する場合に使われる培土には、蒸上にバーク堆肥を混合
してこれに化成肥料を混ぜた汀、７ｊ ｉ！！を十があ
った。
しかし、このちパり土では、窒素成分が非常に少なく、
堆肥混合土１リットル中にせいぜい１００■以下しか混
ぜれていないものであった。これは。
育苗ボットが肥料分を吸収しない樹脂製であるために、
全肥料分が培土中に溶は出してイオン化し、発芽障害、
根の成長障害を引起すために窒素成分をひかえた培−Ｌ
になっていた。
発明が解決しようとする問題点
従来の窒素成分の混合割合が普通状態あるいはやや多い
状１ｒ８Ａの培土を、パルプモールド製の育ｉ１１ボッ
１〜で台）νｉする培１−で使用すると、ボッ）−自体
がパルプモールド製であるがためにこれが窒素肥料成分
をＩｔ、に吸収して固定し、発芽はするが、すぐに窒素
飢餓状態を起して枯れてしまう事態が発生し、これまで
の普通の培土ではｒｆ ／／ｉ出来ないことが判った。
即ち、従来の培土では、発芽して間もない時点で窒素飢
餓を起こし、枯れるために、発芽時点で追肥を行なう必
要があったが、この追肥も、１・分な注意を払わないと
、％Ｉｉが枯れたり、成育がＩ（−まったり、成育むら
が起こるなどの問題点が生じた。
問題点を解決する手段
この発明は、耐記の問題点を解消するために、次の技術
手段を講した。
即ち、この発明は、バルブモール１へ製のｆｆ ＋’＋
’ｊ°ボッｈ４ａ内に詰められて野菜や花等の苗を育苗
する培土Ａにおいて、原子１中のバーク堆肥２の容積比
が２０％〜５０％になるように混合した堆肥混合土１リ
ツ１〜ル中に窒素成分を２００〜３００■混合してなる
育、！、ｌ？培土とした。
発明の作用及び効果
この発明によると、培土中に多量の窒素成分を含む培土
でありながら、その窒素成分がバーク堆肥で十分に吸収
された状態を保持し、パルプモールド製の育ｌ！Ｉｌイ
ボッ１〜内に詰められて野菜や花等の苗を育Ｉ宥すると
きに、ボン１〜器材のバルブ繊ａ質がバーク堆肥及び原
子中の窒素成分を吸収してＪ、＜？土中の窒素濃度を適
当な状態に保ち、少しづつ窒素成分をバーク堆肥とボッ
１〜機材のバルブ繊維が放出して長期にη：って窒素成
分を苗に補給し、従来の培土のように窒素飢餓を、ｌ：
Ｌ！こさせないで、追肥の必要性を少なくてきる。
実施例
原子１は、山から採取した普通の山中を、焼いて殺菌し
た後に、クレイに掛けて小粒にしたもので、一般にはシ
ル１〜の含有率及びクレイの含有率が５〜；３５バーセ
ン１〜のものである。
２はバーク堆肥で、一般に木ル゛や木（６を発酵剤を混
合して発酵分解して完熟にしたものであり、従来は広葉
樹で）＜１ｆられでいたが、最近では杉や檜等の針５ｉ
樹が使われ、この針葉構製のバーク堆肥では殺菌能力が
あって従来のものに比べて良々ｆであり、特に、紙製の
育１１Ｉｌｊボッ１〜の培土には、この殺ｌ！＋４に１
の高い釧葉樹製のバーク堆肥が最良である。
そして、このバーク堆肥２は、粉砕して粉状のものを使
用する。
実施例のバークｉ（Ｉ＋肥２は、銘々次の基？（Ｉｉに
よる。
即ち、有機物の含有率（乾物）が７０％以−１−１炭素
率（Ｃ／Ｎ’）が２３５以１−１陽イオン交換容縫（＋
１吃物） （ＣＥＣ） ７０ｍｃ／１００ｇ 以
−１−１ｐ−；（−
１（５，５〜７．５、水分６０±５％、Ｉ記の他。
幼植物試験で成育阻害を起させないこと。また、乾物に
おける肥料成分が、全窒素量４．２％以十、全燐酸０．
５％以−［−１全加里０．３％以上である。
３は化成肥料で、窒素、燈酸、加里を含んでいる。この
化成肥料の窒素は、緩効性のものが良く、この緩効性の
肥料には、市場でＣ１，） ｔＪ窒素肥料と呼ばれてい
るアセ１−アルデヒド加工尿素肥料やＬＰ窒素肥料と呼
ばれている被ｍ複合肥料やホルム窒素肥料あるいはＩ
Ｂ窒素として市販のイソブチルアルデヒド力１０：尿素
肥料等が使われるが、この実施例ではＩ Ｂ窒素を使用
した。
そして、１−記の原子：バーク堆肥の８昂”割合を、５
〜８：５〜２の略々割合に混合し、これに、緩効性肥料
を中心として、１−記の混合培土１リットル当り、窒素
２００〜３００■、燐酸５００〜」０００■、加里２５
０〜５００■を混合した育、Ｉ、Ｔ用の培土Ａとした。
このようにして造らｈた培土Ａは、ｌ） Ｈが５゜８〜
６．５、電気伝導度（Ｅｃ）０．５〜０．９、見ｍ ケ
比＋Ｉ’（０、８−０、８５トナ＋）、水分が２０−
：３０％になるように調整している。また、全体の粒径
は６ＩＩＩＩ＋以ドがよい。
このようにして出来た育＾′１培土Ａで菌を育Ｉ盾する
事例について詳細に説明する。
先ず、育苗資材の説明をすると、４は育ｉ７ｉ器であっ
て、古紙やバルブ溶解して網状のボッ１−型で漉きあげ
て形成され、その形態は、ｌ−面周囲が一体に連設し底
側か独＜ｔ した育ｊＩＩｊｊボッ１−４ａの底中央に
発芽用の孔５が形成され、全体として矩形−１−になっ
ている。そして、独立するボッ１−４８の大きさは、内
−１法で１−１幅の一辺が２．３ａｎ、底幅の一辺が１
．６ｃｏ＋、高さが３．１ｃ２Ｉ＋で、その容積が１２
ｍｍ Ｑであり、このボッ１〜４ａが縦方向及び横方
向に夫々５乃至１０個が連設した矩形状になっている。
そして、この育苗器４のボッ１−４ａが例えば１００
個形成されたものは、その風乾１INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD This invention relates to a potting soil for raising seedlings of vegetables, flowers, etc., which is packed in a pulp molded stand or 11!7 bottle. Conventional technology: Since then, the potting soil used to raise seedlings of vegetables and flowers in plastic seedling pots has been mixed with steamed bark compost and mixed with chemical fertilizer. ! There were ten. However, the nitrogen content of the soil is very low these days.
At most, less than 100 μl of compost was mixed in 1 liter of mixed soil. this is. Because the seedling bot is made of resin that does not absorb fertilizer,
All the fertilizer dissolves into the soil and becomes ionized, causing germination problems and
Medium-L with reduced nitrogen content to cause root growth problems
It had become. Problems to be Solved by the Invention When using conventional 1r8A culture soil with a normal or slightly high nitrogen content in a pulp molded culture medium 1-1), it becomes 1-1). - Since the product itself is made of pulp mold, it absorbs and fixes nitrogen fertilizer components, and although it germinates, it immediately suffers from nitrogen starvation and withers. It was found that rf//i cannot be achieved with ordinary soil. In other words, with conventional potting soil, it is necessary to fertilize the seeds immediately after they germinate because they suffer from nitrogen starvation and die soon after they germinate. Problems such as withering of %Ii, slow growth of I(-), and failure of growth have occurred. That is, the present invention provides the ff +'+ made to the valve molding 1.
'j° In the potting soil A that is filled in the pot 4a to raise seedlings of vegetables, flowers, etc., 1 liter of compost mixed soil is mixed so that the volume ratio of bark compost 2 to 1 atom is 20% to 50%. Iku grown by mixing 200 to 300 ■ of nitrogen components in 1 to 1.! ,l? It was used as cultivation soil. Functions and Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, although the soil contains a large amount of nitrogen components, the nitrogen components are maintained in a state where they are sufficiently absorbed by the bark compost. When growing seedlings of vegetables, flowers, etc. packed in the container, the valve fibers of the equipment absorb the bark compost and the nitrogen components in the atoms. The nitrogen concentration in the soil is maintained at an appropriate level, and the bark compost and the valve fibers in the equipment release nitrogen components little by little, replenishing the seedlings with nitrogen components over a long period of time, just like traditional potting soil. Nitrogen starvation, l:
L! This reduces the need for additional fertilization. Example Atom 1 is obtained by baking and sterilizing ordinary yamanaka collected from a mountain, and then applying it to clay to form small particles.Generally, the content of Sil 1~ and the content of clay are 5~;35%. 1~. 2 is bark compost, which is generally made from wood or wood (6 is mixed with a fermentation agent and fermented and decomposed until it is fully ripened, traditionally hardwood) <1f, but recently it has been made from cedar, cypress, etc. needle 5i
This bark compost with a coniferous structure has a bactericidal ability and is better than conventional ones, and is especially suitable for paper-made soil. +4 to 1
Bark compost made from tall Japanese pine leaves is the best. This bark compost 2 is used in the form of powder after being crushed. The bark i (I + fertilizer 2 in the example is based on the following group ? (Ii). That is, the organic matter content (dry matter) is 70% or more - 1-1 The carbon ratio (C/N') is 235 or more 1- 1 cation exchange capacity sewing (+
1) (CEC) 70mc/100g -1-1p-;(-1 (5.5-7.5, moisture 60±5%, other than I). No growth inhibition in seedling test. In addition, the fertilizer components in dry matter are 4.2% or more of total nitrogen and 0.0% of total phosphoric acid.
5% or more - [-1 total potassium 0.3% or more. 3 is a chemical fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium. Slow-release nitrogen is best for this chemical fertilizer, and this slow-release fertilizer is available on the market as ace-1-aldehyde-processed urea fertilizer, which is called C1,)tJ nitrogen fertilizer, and LP nitrogen fertilizer. Compound fertilizer, form-nitrogen fertilizer or I
Although commercially available isobutyraldehyde 10:urea fertilizer and the like are used as B nitrogen, IB nitrogen was used in this example. Then, the atom of 1-: 8" ratio of bark compost is 5
Mix in a ratio of approximately 8:5 to 2, and add 200 to 300 cm of nitrogen, 500 to 500 cm of phosphoric acid, and 25 cm of potassium per 1 liter of mixed soil, mainly slow-release fertilizer.
The soil A was prepared by mixing 0 to 500 ml of soil for Iku, I, and T. The cultivated soil A made in this way has l) H of 5°8~
6.5, electrical conductivity (Ec) 0.5 to 0.9, ratio +I' (0, 8-0, 85 +), moisture 20-
: Adjusted to be 30%. Further, the overall particle size is preferably 6III+ or more. A detailed explanation will be given of an example of cultivating bacteria using the culture medium A produced in this way. First, to explain the seedling raising material, 4 is an i7i growing device, which is formed by dissolving waste paper and bulbs and scooping them out in a net-like bowl type. A hole 5 for germination is formed in the center of the bottom of the bottom side of the grown bottom 1-4a, and the whole has a rectangular shape. The size of the independent box 1-48 is 2.3an on one side of the 1-1 width and 1 side on the bottom width using the inner-1 method.
．． 6co+, height is 3.1c2I+, and its volume is 12
mm Q, and has a rectangular shape in which 5 to 10 boxes 1 to 4a are arranged in a row in the vertical and horizontal directions. For example, the number of holes 1-4a of this seedling raising device 4 is 100.
Individually formed items are air-dried 1
【量が概ね１４０グラ
ムになる。
６はｒｆ ＋’Ｉｌｉ箱で、縦、横、高さが夫々３０
Ｑｌ＋、６０■、３．５（７）の摺脂製の箱であり、そ
のｊ底には多数の孔７が穿たれている。イ＝しで、この
台、１Ｉｌｉ箱６内に前記の育苗器４が２個接合した状
態で挿入＋’ｉｌ’能になっている。
８は床に、−め時に使用する載置箱で、前記台、ｌ、Ｉ
ｉ箱６内に嵌合できる長方形の容器の底面に、前記ボッ
ト４ａの発芽孔５に嵌合する播種穴ａを形成する突起９
が設けられている。
次に、育ｌ！ｌ′１方法を説明すると、載置箱８内に２
個の育苗器４を挿入して、突起９が発芽孔５に第７図の
ように嵌合成らしめる。次に、４．＋：＜土Δを第８図
のように詰め、」−から育、ｊ、ｌｉ箱６を第９図のよ
うに被せた後、大地返しして第１０図にし、１°になっ
た載置箱８を取り除いて第１１図の状態にする。そして
このようにして形成された播種穴５１内にレタスや白菜
等のコーティングした種子１０を第１２図の状態に蒔き
、その後、培土Ａで第１４図の通り覆土する。この時、
ボッ１〜４ａの頂部に積もった培土Ａは、各ボッ１〜間
に掃き落して第１４図の状態にする。尚、この各ボッ１
−間の培土Ａを別名で１１＋と呼ぶ。このようにして播
種作業を終え、１−分に潅水して２０〜２５℃に保った
育苗室で発芽させ、その後にハウス内や露地で育苗管理
すると第１−５図のように市が成育する。
実際に白菜とレタスについて育苗した結果、これまでの
育苗培土に比べて次の表１に示した結果を得た。培土の
種類は、次の通りである。
培−Ｌ Ａは本発明の標ベロ的なもので、原１−：バー
ク堆肥の容積比を、６：４に混ぜ、この混合育苗母材１
す９１〜ル中に窒素２５０■、燐酸８００ｍｇ、加！Ｉ
！３５０■を混合したものである。
比較用の培土に次の４種類を選んだ。
培土１３は従来の培土で、特公昭６２−２２５７］号公
報に開示されたデス１〜用の培土のうち、ｍ上とバーク
堆肥の混合割合が、７：３の育苗母材１リツトル中に窒
素２５０■、硝酸２５０■、加里２５０■を混合したも
のである。
培土Ｃは同じ〈従来の特公昭６２−２２５７１号公報に
開示されたテスト用の培土のうち、蒸上とバーク堆肥の
混合割合が、５：５の育１冑母材１リソ１−ル中に窒素
２５０■、燐酸３００■、加里２５０■を混合したもの
である。
そして、この＋３．Ｃの培土には鉱滓（バーミギュライ
１−）は混合せず従来の育１’ｌ’ｌ １？’τ十とし
た。
次に、この発明の培土Ａの育１−′７母材及び肥料の混
合度合が最良であるか否かを明らかにするために、次の
培土り、Ｅを造り比軸テス一シた。
培１：１）は、ノＭ土：バーク堆肥：鉱／１．（バーミ
ギュライｉ〜）の容積比を、７：２：１に混ぜ、この混
合管ｉ％ｌｉ母材】、クツ１〜ル中に窒素４００■、燐
酸１２００■、加里５５０■を混合したものである。
培土Ｅは、蒸上：バーク堆肥：鉱滓（バーミキュライ１
−）の容積比を、４ ： ５ ： ｌに混ぜ、この混合
育苗母材１リットル中に窒素］−５０■、燐酸４５０■
、加里２００■を混合したものである。
このＡ−Ｅの５種類の培］−を使い、前パー１の方法で
白菜とレタスをｆｆ ’＋’＋“１した結果、次の証示
す成育結果を得た６尚、ａ渭場所は、愛媛県松山市内の
圃場に建設のビニールハウス、育苗期間は、昭和６３年
１０月４ Ｅｌ〜同年１０月２８目であり、気温が２０
度前後に保たれる条件でデス１−シた。
尚、播種口は、昭和６３年１−０ Ｊ］４ Ｅｌであり
、白菜は播種後２５目の成育テスｌ−，レタスは播種後
３０の成Ｉ′ｆテス１−結果である。
この結果、培土へが他の培土に比較して成育がよく、カ
ビの発生もなく、移植用の苗として最良であり、培土り
は１′、ｌＩ：丈がグングンのびて徒長１−１１になり
、葉数が少なくて移植時の植え傷みが発生して不良苗に
なり、また、培ｆ−，Ｅはシ×素飢餓状態で生育が途中
で１１・まり葉色が次第に黄色くなって枯死状態になっ
た。
また、培土■３及び培土Ｃは−・ｌ、１；の生育はした
が、表１の通り、培土へに比較して何れも生育がやや悪
く健苗としての条件には欠ける結果を得た。[The amount will be approximately 140 grams. 6 is an rf+'Ili box, the length, width, and height are each 30
It is a box made of resin with a size of Ql+, 60■, 3.5 (7), and a large number of holes 7 are bored in the bottom. In this case, the above-mentioned two seedling raising devices 4 are connected to each other in the box 6 and can be inserted into the stand. 8 is a mounting box used when placing the table on the floor;
A projection 9 forming a seeding hole a that fits into the germination hole 5 of the bot 4a on the bottom surface of a rectangular container that can fit into the i-box 6.
is provided. Next, Iku l! To explain the l'1 method, there are 2
A seedling growing device 4 is inserted so that the protrusion 9 fits into the germination hole 5 as shown in FIG. Next, 4. +: <Pack the soil Δ as shown in Figure 8, cover it with Iku, j, li box 6 as shown in Figure 9 from ``-'', turn it over to make it as Figure 10, and place it at 1°. The storage box 8 is removed and the state shown in FIG. 11 is obtained. Coated seeds 10 of lettuce, Chinese cabbage, etc. are sown in the seeding holes 51 thus formed as shown in FIG. 12, and then covered with soil A as shown in FIG. 14. At this time,
The soil A accumulated on the tops of the pots 1 to 4a is swept away between the pots 1 to 4a to form the condition shown in FIG. 14. In addition, each of these boxes
The soil A between - is called 11+ by another name. After completing the sowing work in this way, the seeds are irrigated for 1 minute and germinated in a nursery room kept at 20-25°C.Then, when the seedlings are raised in a greenhouse or outdoors, they grow as shown in Figure 1-5. do. As a result of actually growing Chinese cabbage and lettuce seedlings, the results shown in Table 1 below were obtained compared to the conventional seedling growing soil. The types of soil are as follows. Culture medium L A is a standard material of the present invention, in which the volume ratio of raw material 1-: bark compost is mixed at 6:4, and this mixed seedling raising matrix 1-
Add 250cm of nitrogen and 800mg of phosphoric acid to 91~1. I
! It is a mixture of 350■. The following four types of soil were selected for comparison. The cultivation soil 13 is a conventional cultivation soil, which is a cultivation soil for plants 1 to 1 disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-2257, in which the mixing ratio of m-top and bark compost is 7:3 in 1 liter of seedling base material. It is a mixture of 250 ml of nitrogen, 250 ml of nitric acid, and 250 ml of potassium. Cultivating soil C is the same (among the test cultivating soils disclosed in the conventional Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-22571, the mixing ratio of steamed compost and bark compost is 5:5, 1 Iku 1 base material 1 Lisol 1 L) It is a mixture of 250 μm of nitrogen, 300 μm of phosphoric acid, and 250 μm of potassium. And this +3. No slag (vermigraine 1-) was mixed in the culture soil of C, and the conventional cultivation method was used. 'τ0. Next, in order to clarify whether or not the mixing ratio of the growth 1-'7 base material and fertilizer in the soil A of the present invention is the best, the following cultivation soil E was made and subjected to a ratio test. The culture (1:1) is NoM soil: bark compost: ore/1. (Vermigraine i ~) was mixed in a volume ratio of 7:2:1, and in this mixing tube i%li base material], 400 ■ of nitrogen, 1200 ■ of phosphoric acid, and 550 ■ of potassium were mixed in 1~1 of shoes. be. Cultivating soil E consists of steamed: bark compost: mine slag (vermiculite 1)
-) in a volume ratio of 4:5:l, and in 1 liter of this mixed seedling growing material, nitrogen]-50■ and phosphoric acid 450■
, 200 μm of potassium. As a result of cultivating Chinese cabbage and lettuce using the method described in the previous par 1 using the 5 types of cultures A-E, the following growth results were obtained. , a plastic greenhouse was constructed in a field in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, and the seedling-raising period was from October 4, 1986 to October 28, 1988, when the temperature was 20
Death was achieved under conditions that were maintained around 100 degrees. The seeding port was 1-0 J]4 El in 1986, and the growth test 1- for Chinese cabbage was 25th after sowing, and the growth I'f test 1- was 30th after sowing for lettuce. As a result, the soil grows better than other soils, there is no mold, and it is the best seedling for transplanting. The number of leaves was small and damage occurred during transplantation, resulting in defective seedlings.Furthermore, in cultures f- and E, the leaves gradually turned yellow and withered during growth due to starvation. Became. In addition, although cultivation soil ①3 and cultivation soil C grew at -l, 1;, as shown in Table 1, the growth in both was somewhat poor compared to that in cultivation soil, and the results showed that they lacked the conditions for healthy seedlings. .
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]
図は、この発明の一実施例を示したもので、第１図は蒸
上の斜面図、第２図はバーク堆肥の斜面図、第３図は化
成肥料の斜面図、第４図は育Ｉ！Ｉｌｉ器の斜面図、第
５図は育１冑箱の斜面図、第６図はイ、に置箱の斜面図
、第７図〜第１４図は播種工程を示した要部の断面図、
第１５図は苗が成育する状態の要部の断面図を示す。
図中記号
］は蒸上、２はバーク堆肥、３は化成肥料、４は育ａｉ
器、４ａはボッ１−である。The figures show one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 is a slope diagram for steaming, Figure 2 is a slope diagram for bark compost, Figure 3 is a slope diagram for chemical fertilizer, and Figure 4 is a slope diagram for growing fertilizer. I! Figure 5 is a slope view of the Ili container, Figure 6 is a slope view of the storage box, Figures 7 to 14 are cross-sectional views of the main parts showing the sowing process,
FIG. 15 shows a sectional view of the main part of the seedling in a growing state. [Symbol in the figure] is steamed, 2 is bark compost, 3 is chemical fertilizer, 4 is raised ai
The container, 4a, is Bot 1-.