JPH02290264A - Apparatus for crushing bulky waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the transportability and handleability of bulky waste and to facilitate the classification thereof by crushing said waste to reduce the volume thereof by providing the tapering spiral blade and the isodiametric spiral blade, both of which respectively corresponds to a casing main body and a cylindrical casing, to the peripheral body of a drive shaft. CONSTITUTION:A drive shaft 60 and the tapering spiral blade 40 and isodiametric spiral blade 50 fixed to the peripheral body thereof are rotated by a drive means 70 and charged bulky waste A receives the rotary action of the tapering spiral blade 40 to be drawn in a casing main body 10 and is broken and crushed by the shearing force of the spiral rotary blade 40 and the pressing force to the inner peripheral surface 10a of the casing main body 10 by said blade 40. Crushed pieces are gradually compressed by the forwardly gradual-reduced diameter shape of the inner surface of the casing main body 10 while sent forwardly under pressure by the spiral advance action of the spiral blade 40 and receives the shearing action of a ring-shaped fixed blade 20 and the outer peripheral edge of the rotating tapering spiral blade 40 to be further finely ground. The ground pieces receive the propelling force of the isodiametric spiral blade 50 to be fed forwardly in a cylindrical casing 30 under pressure and is successively discharged from a leading end discharge port 33.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) The present invention is a resource recovery method for bulk waste and other waste generated from households such as worn-out tatami mats, sofas, chests of drawers, tires, broken refrigerators, and washing machines. The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus for bulk waste, which crushes and reduces the volume of waste for convenient pre-treatment and to increase transportation efficiency.

(Prior art) Conventionally, the above-mentioned bulky waste mainly generated from households is collected by collection companies and then separated into recyclable, combustible, and non-combustible materials, with combustible materials being incinerated. , metal waste such as refrigerators was crushed and disposed of as scrap, and plastics were recycled.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, even if bulky wastes such as those described above are to be treated by some method, they are bulky and have poor transportability and are not easy to handle. Disassembly work is required beforehand. In particular, in the case of waste that is a combination of wood, metal, plastic, etc., if it is incinerated as it is, the recyclable materials will also be burned down, resulting in a lot of waste of resources. Once items are divided into M types, they must be separated and treated accordingly.

Conventionally, such preliminary processing has been performed mostly manually, requiring a large number of personnel and a great deal of labor, and is also fraught with danger. In addition, the waste mentioned above contains many things that can be reused as recycled resin, metals, or fuel, and it is highly anticipated that if pre-treatment is carried out efficiently, there will be a wide avenue for their effective use. I was about to leave.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and is capable of crushing the bulky waste extremely efficiently with low noise and vibration to reduce its volume, improve its transportability and handling, and facilitate its subsequent treatment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new coarse waste crushing device that can facilitate the separation of waste materials and further promote the recycling of useful waste materials.

(Means for Solving the Problems) A bulky waste crushing apparatus of the present invention that achieves the above object will be explained based on the attached embodiment drawings. Here, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of the bulk waste crushing apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 1--2 in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is the outer peripheral edge of the spiral blade. 4(a) to 4(c) are perspective views of various protruding blades, FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view when a secondary crushing means is attached to the tip of the cylindrical casing, and FIG. The figure is an explanatory view of the arrangement of the protruding blades in the secondary crushing means, FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the secondary crushing means, FIG. 8 is a front view of still another embodiment of the same, and FIG. The figure is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a bulk waste crushing apparatus equipped with a perforated plate at the bottom of the casing body, and FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b) are perspective views showing typical examples of the perforated plate.

That is, the apparatus for crushing bulky waste according to the present invention includes a casing body 10 having a large input port 11 on the upper surface and a tapered inner circumferential surface with a progressively decreasing diameter; A cylindrical casing 30 connected to the tip and having a tip opening serving as a debris discharge port 33; and a low-speed, high-torque rotary drive shaft horizontally installed to be rotatable from the casing body 10 to the inside of the cylindrical casing 3o. 60 and
The gist is that the drive shaft 60 is composed of a tapered spiral blade 40 and an equal-diameter spiral blade 50 that are fixedly connected to the casing body 10 and the cylindrical casing 30 in series around the drive shaft 60. It is.

The drive shaft 60 is a drive means 7 that generates low-speed, large-torque power.
0 and rotates at a speed of 4 to 15 ppm. The input port 11 preferably has an opening formed over substantially the entire upper surface area of the casing body 10 so as to be able to input bulky waste such as refrigerators and sofas, and is further provided with a chute or the like in this opening.

It is desirable to provide a large number of protruding blades 43 of various shapes along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral edge of the tapered spiral blade 40 according to the properties of the object to be processed, as shown in the embodiments described later. It is desirable to stabilize the protruding blades 43 by housing their bases in guide frames 42 fixed to the sides near the outer periphery of the tapered spiral blades 40.

Further, a sharp edge portion 41 facing in the spiral direction is formed in the outer weave of the tapered spiral blade 40 at least in the small diameter portion thereof to increase the shearing force, and further, the spiral blade 40 is It is also possible to increase shearing force and save energy by fixing the drive shaft 60 in a diagonal manner in the spiral direction.

Furthermore, a large number of fixed blades 15 .
2... can be fixedly installed to enhance the crushing effect within the main casing 10 and to cause even finer fracture within the cylindrical casing 3o. In the present invention, sufficiently finely crushed crushed pieces are discharged from the distal end outlet 33 of the cylindrical casing 30, but if it is necessary to crush them even more finely depending on the purpose of subsequent processing, etc. It is also possible to attach a secondary crushing means 90 to the tip of the cylindrical casing 30 as shown in an embodiment described later.

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Furthermore, the bottom of the casing body 10 is provided with a large number of through holes 18.
A and a perforated plate 18 equipped with fixed blades 15 on the inner surface to prevent small pieces and waste pieces from accumulating at the bottom of the casing body 10.

(Function) The procedure for crushing bulk waste using the crushing apparatus configured as described above will be described. When the drive means 70 is moved, the drive shaft 60 and the tapered spiral blade 40 fixed thereto
And the equal diameter spiral blade 50 rotates. The thrown-in bulky waste A is drawn into the casing body 10 by the rotation of the tapered spiral blades 40, and is broken and crushed by the shearing force of the spiral blades 40 and the pressing force against the inner circumferential surface 10a of the casing body 10. be done. Further, when the fixed blades 15 are fixed to the inner circumferential surface 10a of the casing body 10, the blades are further finely broken by the shearing action between the fixed blades 15 and the outer circumferential edge of the rotating spiral blade 40. At this time, if the protruding blades 43 are provided at intervals on the outer periphery of the spiral blade 40, the efficiency of drawing in the waste A increases and the waste A
The material is pulled in as if tearing, which improves the subsequent breakability.

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The crushed pieces of waste coarsely crushed in this way are made of spiral blades IJ%
While being pushed forward by the spiral action of the casing body 10, it is gradually compressed by the progressively decreasing diameter of the inner surface of the casing main body 10, and the small diameter portion 12 at its tip is in a considerably densely compressed state. When the ring-shaped fixed blade 20 is sandwiched between the casing body 10 and the cylindrical casing 30, the finely compressed crushed pieces are transferred to the tapered spiral blade 40 that rotates with the ring-shaped fixed blade 2o. It is further broken into smaller pieces due to the shearing action with the outer peripheral edge. The break here is the spiral blade 40
This is based on the cross shearing action between the spiral force of the screw and the edge of the ring-shaped fixed blade 20 arranged to oppose this, and it can be applied to rigid objects such as steel plates, metal pieces such as reinforcing bars and bolts, or concrete pieces. Furthermore, even sticky materials such as tires and carpets can be broken or crushed. In particular, when a sharp edge portion 41 facing in the spiraling direction is formed on the outer peripheral edge of the tapered spiral blade 40 and the spiral blade 40 is fixed in an inclined state in the spiraling direction, the five-ring fixed blade 20 is formed. The shearing force is further increased, improving shredding efficiency and saving energy.

The crushed pieces shredded by the ring-shaped fixed blade 20 are moved into the cylindrical casing 30 by the propulsive force of the equal-diameter spiral blades 50.
The inner part is pushed toward the tip side and is sequentially drained from the tip discharge port 33. When the fixed blades 32 are fixed to the inner circumferential surface 30a of the casing 30, an intersecting shearing action is applied between the outer peripheral edge of the rotating spiral blade 50 and the fixed blades 32 to break them into smaller pieces.

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In this way, the crushed pieces discharged from the discharge port 33 turn into scraps and become a fraction of the original volume, and the subsequent transportability and handling properties are greatly improved. In addition, since the rotary drive shaft 60 rotates at low speed and high torque, it can be
Even if the waste is a combination of metals or plastics, these constituent materials can play with each other without getting entangled.
This is extremely effective for subsequent separation processing.

Since the series of processing operations described above are performed by the low-speed, large-torque driving means 70, vibration, noise, and dust generation are extremely low, and there are few restrictions on the installation location.

In addition, the bottom of the tapered casing 10 is connected to the perforated plate 18.
In the case of this structure, the small pieces generated in the initial stage of the crushing process and the small pieces of waste mixed in from the time of input are discharged from the apparatus through the through holes 18a of the perforated plate 18. Therefore, these small fragments and waste particles do not accumulate at the bottom of the casing body 10 and do not interfere with the rotation of the spiral blades 40, 50, which contributes to reducing power consumption and wear of the blades 40, 50. It turns out. The waste remaining on the perforated plate 18 is continuously shredded by the action of the spiral blades 40, 50, fixed blade 15, etc. as described above, and is discharged from the terminal discharge port.

(Example) Next, an example will be described. 1 and 2, on the inner periphery 10a of the tapered casing main body 10, rod-shaped fixed blades 15 extending from the base side to the tip side are replaceably fixed with bolts or the like at intervals in the circumferential direction. ing. A pocket portion (bulging portion toward the outside) 19 is formed inside one side of the casing body 10, and the thrown waste A temporarily stays in this pocket portion 19, promoting entrainment as the spiral blade 40 rotates. It is particularly effective in processing large-sized wastes.

Protruding blades 43 are provided at intervals on the outer peripheral edge of the tapered spiral blade 40, and the synergistic action of the protruding blades 43 and the pocket portion 19 effectively pulls in and tears the waste A as described above. . The protruding blade 43... is shown in FIG. 4(a).
(b) As shown in (c), the cutting edge is flat 43
a, pyramid-shaped 435. An inverted trapezoidal shape 43c and the like are used in appropriate combinations depending on the properties of the waste material A to be crushed. As shown in FIG. 3, these protruding blades 43 are stabilized by having their bases accommodated in U-shaped guide frames 42 fixedly installed on the back surface near the outer periphery of the tapered spiral blades 40. 42a, etc., so that they can be replaced. In addition, the peripheral edge of the tapered spiral blade 40 is a blade portion 41 with a sharp beak shape in cross section facing in the spiral direction, and the ring-shaped fixed blade 20
The aim is to increase the shearing action with the

It is also possible to mount a replaceable ring-shaped blade as the blade-shaped portion 41 in a manner similar to an inro. Furthermore, the spiral blade 40 is fixed to the drive shaft 6o so as to be inclined in the spiral direction.

The ring-shaped fixed blade 20 is clamped at a connecting portion between the tip flange 14 of the tapered casing body 10 and the base flange 31 of the cylindrical casing 30, and when it wears out, it can be replaced by separating this connecting portion. There is.

On the inner circumferential surface 30a of the cylindrical casing 30, a large number of bar-shaped blades 32 extending in the longitudinal direction are replaceably fixed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The triangular blade 32... and the equal diameter spiral blade 5
The clearance with the periphery of the cantilever drive shaft 6o is several meters, thereby preventing center runout on the front side of the cantilever drive shaft 6o. Note that it is not excluded that the front side of the drive shaft 60 may also be supported by a bearing (not shown) to provide a so-called double-support type.

Moreover, it is also possible to make the above-mentioned tributary blades 32 into spiral blades, so that the intersection angle with the peripheral edge of the equal diameter spiral blade 50 becomes sharp, and the shredding efficiency here is further improved.

The rotary drive shaft 60 is connected to an electric motor 71 via a reducer 72 and is rotatably driven in the direction of arrow R at a low speed of 4 to 15 rpm. The large diameter base 61 is supported in a cantilevered manner by a large bearing 65 between the two. The rotary drive shaft 60 extends almost to the discharge port 33, and the casing body 10 and the cylindrical casing 3 are attached thereto as described above.
Tapered spiral blade 40 and equal diameter spiral blade 50 corresponding to 0
is fixed by welding etc.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which a secondary crushing means 90 is provided at the tip of the cylindrical casing 30. The secondary crushing means 90 includes an outward flange 91 fixed to the tip of the cylindrical casing 30 and a large number of blade-like protrusions 9 protruding from the front surface of the flange 91.
2..., a rotating disk 93 fixed to the tip of the drive shaft 60 so as to face the flange 91 with a small gap, and a blade-like protrusion 94 protruding from the side of the rotating disk 93 facing the flange 91. It consists of... The blade-like protrusions 92..., 9
4... are formed at intervals along a spiral curve extending in the centrifugal direction from the center of the forming surface.

The gap between the flange 91 and the disk 93 is set so that the blade-shaped protrusions 92..., 94... engage with each other, and as the disk 93 rotates, the blade-shaped protrusions 92..., 94... contact each other. They are placed in a positional relationship that does not match.

When the crushed pieces are pushed out from the discharge port 33 and reach the gap between the rotating disk 93 and the flange 91, the crushed pieces are further crushed by the interaction of the blade-like protrusions 92..., 94... It is successively pushed in the centrifugal direction, and is further crushed and discharged from the periphery.

In this embodiment, the rotary disk 93 is locked to the tip end 64 of the drive shaft 60 with a key or the like so that it rotates in the same direction and at the same low speed as the drive shaft 60, but it is connected to a separate drive source (independently). It is not excluded that this may be rotated by a method (as shown in the figure).

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the secondary crushing means 90, which includes a progressively opening cone-shaped cylinder 95 fixed to the tip of the cylindrical casing 30, and the cone-shaped cylinder 95. The inner surface of the cone-shaped cylindrical body 95 and the outer surface of the rotary body 97 have substantially the same relationship as above. The blade-like protrusions 96..., 98... are provided so as to project. The rotating body 97 can be fixed to the drive shaft 60 as described above, or can be connected to another drive source. In this case as well, the crushed pieces pushed out from the discharge port 33 are transferred to the cone-shaped cylindrical body 95 and the rotating body 97.
As the rotating body 97 rotates, the blade-shaped protrusion 96
..., 98... are crushed and pushed in the centrifugal direction by the interaction between them, and the particles are further broken down and discharged.

In the above-mentioned embodiment of the secondary cutting means 90, instead of the blade-like protrusions, it is also possible to use a continuous spiral protruding blade or a concave blade for crushing in a millstone-like manner.

In FIG. 8, a support 8o for a drive shaft 60 is fixedly installed at the tip of a cylindrical casing 30, and the support 80 also functions as a secondary crushing means 90. That is, the support body 80 has a central bearing portion 8 that supports the tip end 64 of the drive shaft 60.
1, supporting rod portions 82 extending radially from the bearing portion 81, and a ring-shaped mounting flange portion 83 that is integrated with the supporting rod portions 82 and fixed to the front end portion of the casing 30.

The edges of the support rods 82 are processed to have sharp edges, and the crushed pieces pushed inside the casing 30 reach the support rods 82 and undergo shearing between them and their tip surfaces as the equal-diameter spiral blade 50 rotates. As a result of this action, it is broken into even smaller pieces and is discharged from the space between the supporting rods 82.

Such a support 80 prevents the drive shaft 60 from coming into contact with each other and also performs a secondary crushing function, and is preferably employed in conjunction with the above, and can also be used in combination with these.

Figures 9 and 10 (a) and (b) show the casing body 1.
An example is shown in which the bottom of 0 is constructed of a perforated plate 18.

Although it is desirable that the perforated plate 18 be formed over the entire bottom portion as shown in the figure, it is not excluded that it may be formed in the front half of the casing body 1o. The perforated plate 18 is
The bottom of the casing body 1o is opened, and the casing body 1o is removably attached to this opening with bolts, nuts, etc. via a flange 18b. It allows small pieces of waste to pass through and be discharged. As shown in No. 10(a), the perforated plate 18 has a punching metal fixed to the lower surface of the frame formed by the flange 18b, and the back surface thereof is provided with a large number of reinforcing ribs 18c...
It is preferable to adopt a structure in which the flanges 18b, reinforcing ribs 18c, and bar-shaped fixed blades 15 are assembled in a lattice pattern as shown in No. 10(b).

The through holes 18a of these perforated plates 18 are sized to allow waste having a diameter of 15 an or less to pass therethrough, in accordance with the standards of the Ministry of Health and Welfare regarding waste landfills. Therefore, the waste that has passed through the perforated plate 18 can be sent to landfill as is. By discharging such small waste at the disposal household, the load on the spiral blades 40, 50 is reduced, and the blades 40, 50 and the fixed blades 15, 2 are
It becomes possible to reduce wear by 0.32.

Incidentally, it is also possible to add the same effect by making the shape of the equal diameter spiral blade 50 the same as the shape of the tapered spiral blade 4o as shown in FIG.

(Effect of the invention) As described above, according to the device of the present invention, refrigerators, washing machines,
All kinds of bulky waste such as reception sets, tatami mats, carpets, and even old tires can be crushed and processed extremely efficiently, and the subsequent processing is extremely efficient in transportation, ease of handling, and extremely safe. In addition, since the device is driven by a low-speed, high-torque drive means, it produces low noise, low vibration, and generates little dust, and is not subject to restrictions on installation location. Even if waste is composed of composite materials such as metals and plastics, these constituent materials are crushed and discharged in a free state without intertwining with each other. Therefore,
This makes it easier to sort recyclable materials and greatly contributes to resource reuse. Furthermore, if the bottom of the tapered casing body is made of a perforated plate, small pieces of debris generated in the early stages of treatment and small waste mixed in the input waste can be quickly discharged from the device and remain at the bottom. This reduces the load on the spiral blades, reduces wear on these blades and fixed blades, and enables smooth crushing.

The practical value of the device of the present invention having such numerous advantages is extremely large.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the bulk waste crushing apparatus of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of the outer peripheral edge of the spiral blade. 5 Figure 4 (a) to (c)
are perspective views of various protruding blades, Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view when the secondary crushing means is attached to the tip of the cylindrical casing, Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement of the protruding blades in the secondary crushing means, Fig. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the secondary crushing means, Fig. 8 is a front view of yet another embodiment of the same, and Fig. 9 is a crushing of bulky waste equipped with a perforated plate at the bottom of the casing body. A diagram corresponding to Figure 1 of the device, No. 10
Figures (a) and (b) are perspective views showing typical examples of perforated plates. (Explanation of symbols) 10...Tapered casing body, 11...Inlet port,
12...Tip small diameter part, l5...Fixed blade, 10a...Inner peripheral surface,
18... Perforated plate, 18a... Through hole, 20... Ring-shaped fixed blade, 30... Cylindrical casing, 33... Discharge port, 30a... Inner peripheral surface, 40... Tapered spiral blade, 41... Blade-shaped portion, 43... Projection Blade, 50... Equal diameter spiral blade, 60... Drive shaft, 70
...Low speed high torque drive means, 90...Secondary crushing means 5
A...Large waste. one or more one

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A casing body (10) having a large input port (11) on the top surface and having a tapered inner circumferential surface with a progressively decreasing diameter; and the casing body (10). a cylindrical casing (30) connected to the tip of the casing body (10) and having a tip opening serving as a discharge port (33) for crushed pieces;
) and a low-speed, high-torque rotary drive shaft (60) rotatably installed horizontally within the cylindrical casing (30), and the casing body (10) and the cylindrical casing around the drive shaft (60). A bulky waste crushing device comprising a tapered spiral blade (40) and an equal diameter spiral blade (50) which are fixed in series in accordance with (30). 2. The above casing body (10) and the cylindrical casing (
2. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein a ring-shaped fixed blade (20) is sandwiched between said blade and said blade. 3. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein a large number of fixed blades (15...) are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface (10a) of the casing body (10). 4. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein a large number of protruding blades (43...) are spaced along the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral edge of the tapered spiral blade (40). 5. The base of the protruding blade (43...) is a guide frame (42...) fixed to the side near the outer periphery of the tapered spiral blade (40).
3. The crushing device according to claim 2, wherein the crushing device is housed in a container. 6. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the outer peripheral edge of the tapered spiral blade (40) is formed with a sharp blade-like portion (41) facing in the spiral direction at least in the small diameter portion thereof. 7. The tapered spiral blade (40) is connected to the drive shaft (60
) is fixedly installed in an inclined state in the spiral direction.
The crushing device described. 8. The cylindrical casing (30) has an inner peripheral surface (3
The crushing device according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of fixed blades (32) fixedly installed in the crushing device (0a). 9. The tip outlet (33) of the cylindrical casing (30)
2. The crushing device according to claim 1, further comprising a secondary crushing means (90) for further crushing the crushed pieces into smaller pieces. 10. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the casing body (10) is constituted by a perforated plate (18) having a large number of through holes (18a...) and a fixed blade (15...) on the inner surface. .