JPH02273559A - Electromagnetic dust collection apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To successively execute dust collection by forming a gradient of magnetic fields inside an enclosure and providing a chamber partitioned by a partition. CONSTITUTION: The induction magnetic fields of the intensity meeting the current intensity of a coil are generated within a region enclosed by the wall of the enclosure 2. The induction magnetic fields having the gradient proportional to the intensity of the magnetic fields are generated by the spread of the magnetic lines of force between the respective magnetic poles alternately changed over to an N pole or S pole within the region. Solid particles receive the force proportional to the product of the degree of their own magnetization and the gradient of the magnetic fields. The respective solid particles move along the magnetic field until the particles collide against the wall which hinders their movement. Fluid is made to flow in two chambers E1, E2 consisting of the partition 1 at an optimum velocity of flow. As a result, the efficient dust precipitation treatment is made possible.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Industrial ladle field" This invention is a continuous dust collection process or
It is possible to carry out a dust collection process that includes one can of air, and more specifically, to remove chemical activity or radioactivity.
Concerning an electromagnetic precipitator using a strong magnetic field gradient applicable to the filtrate.

``Conventional technology - Due to impurities floating in a state where the shape of the body particles T' is retained, s' 1: A dust collector is used in many devices that handle contaminated fluids. For example, solid particles C with +...vT, q+Rinnai power plant 1st system or 2nd system 1, : is, 1, J'...) are γf Get in J7.

This usage is based on the "S team power plan" submitted on July 21, 1971.
t. for nuclear power stat
．． ions with l)oiling water
German patent application 2136 named “reactors”
352, and “Interr” in 1969.
+at. ional Water ConfOrenc
e of tbe Engineer S ociet
y or V/esternP enr+sylvan
nia” 30th Annual Meeting Report! (Page 69, 1 {, G.l.
{Editorial by EITMANN).

Now, there are at least two different types of dust collectors with different designs, and their characteristics and functions will be explained as follows.

A conventionally known No. I electromagnetic dust collector for collecting particles in a fluid has an enclosure through which a fluid to be collected flows, and this enclosure includes a material suitable for collecting particles in the fluid. A magnetic field is applied that has a gradient without exerting a force that forces the bow to move preferentially in the negative direction.

In the first type of dust collector, the magnetic field is generated from a magnetizable lining of the inner surface of the enclosure through which the fluid to be collected flows. The enclosure is in a helix with four conductors forming one or more coaxial coils. , ': or between each pole of one or more independent electromagnets. The passage of current in the coil then leads to the generation of a magnetic field, as a result of which the lining becomes magnetized. By doing so, a large number of small cavities occupy positions where the magnetic field is strong.

The lining is fixed and generally has a structure packed with steel wire, grid bundles or grids.

In addition, this can also be realized by a conventional configuration of scrap iron balls. In this way the sludge is collected particularly quickly and can be recycled.

The action of a magnetic field on the material making up the lining causes magnetization of the lining material itself and creates a relatively high magnetic field in the space between the solid edges - carried by the fluid passing through the lining. The movement of magnetizable solid particles becomes possible.

The lining magnetized in this way has a sufficient magnetic susceptibility (
When traversed by a fluid containing solid impurities with magnetizability), the impurities in question are moved from areas of weak magnetic field to areas of strong magnetic field and eventually approach the magnetic poles in said lining. During the period of magnetic force, these impurities are trapped in cavities in the lining, which act as dust collectors.

This selective trapping requires a location that generates a high magnetic field and is influenced by the availability of -like fluid velocities at this location.

In an uneven magnetic field, a magnetizable particle is subject to a force determined by its own degree of magnetization and the gradient of the magnetic field at that location. Except in the case of saturation, the degree of magnetization of the particles is proportional to the magnetic field and, as a result, the force acting on the cavity of the lining of the electromagnetic precipitator is proportional to the product of the magnetic field and the gradient of the magnetic field in said cavity.

Particles composed of clearly ferromagnetic materials are easily collected in electromagnetic precipitators, but in the case of particles with weak magnetic susceptibility, the power supplied to the feed line of the electromagnetic precipitator and the strong magnetic field in the cavity are Particles cannot be collected without relying heavily on the capacity of the lining to generate a gradient of .

In such a dust collector, a drum-like part made of non-magnetic material is provided inside the lining which consumes its power capacity to capture solid particles. Here, the power capacity is a function of the flow rate of the liquid to be collected, the applied magnetic field and the gradient of the magnetic field obtained according to the geometric characteristics of the lining.

If the dust collector becomes ineffective, the lining is regenerated by removing the sludge.

This removal generally requires rinsing the lining after demagnetization. For this reason, dust collectors have valves in them, similar to how pipes used to circulate water have valves.
A valve is provided which makes it possible to stop the flow of the liquid to be collected. The regeneration process is very quick, clearing the sludge within minutes, and is carried out automatically. Still, the dust collection process is interrupted and requires sludge collection and reinstatement by manipulating the valve. If the liquid to be collected is highly chemically active or corrosive, or if the liquid to be collected contains particles that pose a risk of radioactive contamination, the valve operation and rinsing water flow must be controlled. Diluting the sludge therein is disadvantageous in several ways.

In the second type of dust collector known in the art, there is no valve, and it is necessary to first run the rinsing water to enable continuous treatment. Therefore, this dust collector is designed to continuously sweep out liquid sludge at random in accordance with the continuous or intermittent period in which the liquid to be collected is circulated.

Such a dust collector is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and is further described in French patent application no.
is explained in. This dust collector has an inlet tube 10
! , outlet tube 102 and sweep tube 103
It includes a pipe 100 having a. Pipe ■00 has a morning glory shape, and tube 10 is swept from pipe +00.
3 is sticking out. The magnetic field is generated by a series of electromagnets 105, 105 . placed in parallel on one side of the pipe 100. It is given by means consisting of...

When the pipe 100 is cut along a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow, in order to fulfill the purpose of this dust collector, +J) and C1? poles 106. , 107 is an electromagnet,'
2+t has been applied. , If these poles are ・V parallel to the direction of flow (-), then the cross section is tooth-shaped? , two shadows are formed (symbol 108), part 1. Therefore, the width of each tooth of 1:) is according to the direction of flow, 1, (:”) 117ff, −・τ
'It's getting narrower. This dust collector piece continuously or intermittently collects sludge.
, always contains particles with low magnetic susceptibility],? In the case of fluids, only a moderate flow rate is allowed (4, 2 and 4), and the damage is due to this.

('E+'), when using a dust collector with both of these, when the fluid transports particles with low magnetic susceptibility, it is necessary to handle a very large flow rate. dust collection bag
It is necessary, tona i) 1, - these devices are related to electromagnets.
, ask about the problem.

``The problem that the invention aims to solve''
, L, 1-mentioned i5) Eliminates the drawbacks of the first type of electromagnetic dust collector and the second type of electromagnetic dust collector! 7
This is done in order to make it possible to prevent damage, and on the one hand, carry out a continuous dust collection process without stopping the fluid flow. 5. On the other hand, whether the fluid contains small particles or a large number of particles, it is equally possible that the fluid contains particles of high magnetic susceptibility. In either the case containing particles with a low G (L conversion rate or 11%), it is necessary to temporarily stop the flow of the fluid, and the sequential collection 1f, -j treatment is carried out. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic dust collector that can perform the following operations.

[Means for Solving the Problem 1] The invention as set forth in claim 1 provides an electromagnetic dust collector for removing particles floating in a fluid, which comprises an inlet and an outlet, and includes particles "F". fL the enclosure through which the body flows, ■ the particles inside the enclosure, ',)
C'7- Conveying toward the inner wall of the gear [71, and creating a gradient of a directional 4-degree magnetic field so as to form sludge on the inner wall; Each of the inlet and outlet of Wb on the 3 sides of the plane-symmetric base plane, (3) front 2, l-in r! τ1~Tsuya has a plane 3e1 plane symmetrical standard j, - Jyoichi, .If you divide a partition into a river i, : ,, the two chambers partitioned by J in that verdition are white 1. , 5, (1 self q 14- is the fluid passing through t 7 l, in 1.2 arrangement 5; ff, a plurality of pipes to discharge 1 l Tl of fluid in the tube for coughing, coughing, J゛, tube, etc. The invention as set forth in claim 2 is based on the above-mentioned claim 1. With the magnetic poles of the above y, n, y I-7-ja around 1, = polar electromagnetic;
The main electromagnetic wave 1' + 1, 4, h' - 1, 2, 5, -4''.

1st Qing Item No. 5
2. Configuration 1, 1: "L-4" is characterized by having four electromagnetic means.

E, 7. . . . The invention according to claim 1 is directed to the first and third claims. next to fi self-confidence;
5τ self j゛, the link 17-ja is axially symmetrical with respect to the above-mentioned surface seal ￥frN reference plane $′: passage axis symmetry axis, one shaft pipe arranged at 10- to the symmetry axis, and the To the shaft pipe? f) It is a double pipe (the pipe is white, and the inside of the shaft is along the irI 2j name 1): ; It is characterized by being separated into two separate areas on a plane. And I'm 12.

Further, the invention according to claim 5 is the configuration according to claim 2, in which the moeki electromagnetic coil is formed by a superconducting wire.
It is characterized by having a composition of 2%.

'; Claim No. 6, 111i, Claim No. 1. ;Self+fl, (HatR[戊ζ,=,
8if AiF,, till Babu is market; Self: (
Continuously transfer fluid in both chambers to the same
Two open 1-'J parts are formed to circulate in the direction.
It is characterized by 4.

Furthermore, the invention according to claim 7 provides [1;
4,91,) z″′, ll'j
, li [7,, El ', / , ',,) J protruding from the bottom of 0 jia: -, r i, - sweeping out j2.3
・, , , -7, Umano characterized by providing I□:-1 Claim 8. Early 1st Geki no Suke: Akira is () 11th chapter,! ll ; ni no.
Recording, /ri C1? −・; −4; (C bottom +4,11
; characterized in that a groove is formed to promote movement of sludge toward the sweep tube.

Furthermore, the invention as set forth in claim 9 is characterized in that, in the configurations as set forth in claims 1 to 8, a spraying device for spraying a rinsing liquid is provided in each of the chambers.

The invention according to claim 10 is characterized in that, in the structure according to claim 9, the spraying device has means for controlling the rinsing liquid and an isolation valve that allows successive collection of sludge. do.

Furthermore, the invention according to claim 11 is characterized in that the configuration according to claims 1 to 1O has an opening for sequentially permitting the operation of a scraping device for scraping sludge from the inner wall of each of the chambers. do.

Further, the invention as set forth in claim 12 is characterized in that, in the configurations as set forth in claims 1 to 11, the bottom portion of the enclosure is removable.

Furthermore, the invention according to claim 13 is the configuration according to claim 11 or 12, in which the opening that allows the intervention of the scraping device is formed by an opening when the bottom of the enclosure is removed. It is characterized by

Further, the invention according to claim 14 provides the structure according to claims 1 to 13, in which a lattice is removably disposed on the inner wall of each chamber of the enclosure, and the sludge is sequentially removed by collecting the lattice. It is characterized by collecting.

Furthermore, the invention as set forth in claim 15 is characterized in that in the configurations as set forth in claims 1 to 14, the shaft pipe or the partition is realized by a non-magnetic material.

Further, the invention according to claim 16 is the configuration according to claims 1 to 15, in which at least a part of the 2M chamber covered by the inner wall of the enclosure and the partition is lined with a non-magnetic material. It is characterized by the fact that it has been formed.

"Embodiment" Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

A preferred embodiment of the dust collector is a cylindrical shape, but other shapes may be used as long as they are plane symmetrical with respect to at least one plane of symmetry and axially symmetrical with respect to one axis that passes through this plane of symmetry. Any shape is suitable, particularly a parallel pipe shape or a cone shape.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of an electromagnetic dust collector according to an embodiment of the present invention. In Embodiment I illustrated in this figure, the enclosure 2 is cylindrical and surrounded by a strong gradient induced magnetic field, the particles forming sludge along the trajectory of the gradient. means were arranged capable of producing a magnetic field such that it was carried towards the inner wall of the This means is constituted by a coil 18 applied to a holding member l made of soft iron. Here, coil I8
is preferably constituted by superconducting wire.

At one end of the enclosure 2, the enclosure 2 is connected with two tubes, respectively designated an inlet tube 4 and an outlet tube 6.

These constitute the input section and output section of this electromagnetic dust collector.

The enclosure 2 passes through two magnetic poles with the same symbol, and is divided into chambers El and E2 by a partition N2 along a plane-symmetrical reference plane that traverses the enclosure 2. This partition I2 is divided into two parts with a slidable pipe 8 coaxial with the enclosure 2 interposed therebetween. The pipe 8 is, for example, cylindrical and lies along the symmetry axis XX° of the enclosure 2. As a result of this, partition 12
And around pipe 8, Fu11 of enclosure 2
forming chambers El and E2, and forming chambers E1 and E2.
The fluid to be dust-collected flows through L and E2.

The pipe 8 is plane symmetrical, and has a partition 10 along the plane symmetry reference plane that traverses the pipe 8 longitudinally. Partition 10 has inlet tube 4 and outlet 13 f: l' j
, - located along the plane passing between the pro.

Since the pipe 8 is divided into sections 17 in this way, the fluid containing particles is circulated in the same direction in both the sections C1 and C2 caused by +, respectively, independently. It is possible.

In addition, the enclosure 2 has two sweepers 1. Chicove 14.15 with 1. I'm here. These sweeping chicos
-B I 4,! 5 is valley, bottom F of enclosure 2
, i-na i) U, entrance [] Dicove 4 and exit y-,
--It is installed on the opposite side of the professional. As a result of the above configuration, when the device constituting the electromagnet is not in an energized state, particles are attracted to the inner wall of the closure 2. The sludge is pulled apart and allowed to fall under the force of gravity.

Mano, Pipe 8 has entry [ ] Dicob 4 to Enku "
1- Inlet/outlet port 22.23.24 for passing fluid containing particles flowing into the gloss 2 and flowing out into the outlet tube 6
S25 is formed. Therefore, the fluid that entered through the inlet D-F;
I flows j2 toward the bottom F, exits the visiting area CI through the entrance/exit 22, flows into the chamber E1, and flows into the chamber E! Bottom 1. N, towards the opposite end.

At said end of the pipe 8 there is another inlet/outlet 23 in the side wall of the chamber Y.1, which is open 12, 4, and the fluid flows in the chamber El towards said end via the inlet/outlet 2.3. (flows into area C2) 7, and falls toward the bottom. In addition, at the bottom there is a chamber E 2 + in the pipe 8, an area (4) to which another access 11124 is opened (7).

Therefore, the fluid passes through the inlet/outlet 24 15 and the chamber I 2
In the upper part of the area, which is oriented in the opposite direction from the bottom (toward the 14th part) and towards one side, is separated from the others by 20 separats, at a high position from the bottom. Sai 1. There is a region H. , and 5, the fluid flows into said region l(through the inlet/outlet 25) and flows out to the output rodico.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic dust collector of FIG. 1 cut along the A-A plane. Also, Fig. 5
is the longitudinal cross-section [·4] when the electromagnetic dust collector in Fig. 1 is cut at B B. Here, plane 88 is a reference plane for all of the enclosure 2, and includes the axisymmetric reference axis XX°, and Fig. 6 is a plane that includes the partition IO for this electromagnetic precipitator. , is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of enclosure 2 when cut at 1fj vs. Yago CG. By looking at these figures, the structure of the electromagnetic precipitator according to the present invention will be better understood.

FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of electromagnetic means for producing a strong gradient magnetic field 1-4 within the enclosure 2. The shape of the magnetic field lines of the permeable magnetic field generated by this electromagnet stage is shown by broken lines. This induced magnetic field magnetizes particles suspended in the fluid flowing in chambers El and E2.

The magnetic field gradient is 1
．． This allows for the movement of particles. The gradient of this magnetic field is continuous (
7. Multi-pole electromagnetic coil that switches between N and S poles! Obtained by H. In FIG. 4, a case is illustrated in which the magnet has 14 poles, and these poles are at symmetrical positions with respect to the per thousand isinon 12.

FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 include areas CI,
C2, chamber El, and the passage of fluid in E2 are indicated by arrows. Partitions 10 and 12 are preferably vertical I,, c).

In addition, a party line 20 is provided inside the shaft pipe 8, and its appearance is shown in FIG.
:There is. Also shown in FIG. 3 are the areas CI and C2' and the entrances and exits 22-25 of the chambers El and E2.

These inlets and outlets have flow from the inlet pipe 4, inlet J outlet [-
] From the unidirectional fluid flow of such flow rate to the pipero, the same direction of independent 1. 13. Melt.

Arrange such an entry/exit [] in N11, 1. - from
Fluid flows into the mug, chamber b:i, and chamber E.
Have you finished collecting dust inside l? Low sludge content,
- The fluid flows into chamber E2. That is, 1.
As a result of the arrangement of the entry and exit ports, the area usable for dust collection can be doubled compared to a normal electromagnetic dust collector.

In this way, two-stage dust collection processing is performed within one electromagnetic dust collector without increasing the scale of the electromagnetic dust collector,
Fluid containing extremely large amounts of particles can be efficiently collected.

As shown in FIG. 3, the bottom F is fitted with two tubes I4 and 15 that make it possible to continuously tear off and sweep out the sludge due to the deposited layer of particles. The bottom part F is formed in a shape suitable for this sweeping. That is, grooves are formed in the bottom F of the enclosure to help move the sludge and sweep it out of the sweep tubes I4 and 15.

Also, in the illustrated configuration, chamber E
1. It is effective to provide a device that injects or sprays water onto the inner wall of E2, and by doing so, it is possible to assist in sweeping out the sludge.

This injection takes place by means of two small-diameter pipes 16, 17 arranged on each outside of the ends of the partition IO in the pipe 8. These pipes I6 and I
A hole is formed at the end of 7 for spraying the rinsing liquid towards the inner walls of chambers El and E2.

An alternative arrangement for sweeping out sludge, different from that shown, is possible using the scraping devices used in the prior art. That is, the bottom of the dust collector is configured to be removable, and the sludge is scraped out through this bottom. In this case, for example, the bottom IIF is constructed so that it can be screwed into the main body of the dust collector, and during normal use, the screw is tightened to form the bottom part F as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. Fix it to .

As a further configuration, as shown in Fig. 5,
A movable grating G is removably connected to chambers El, E2.
It is best to place it inside. That is, the sweep pipe 14,
(2) The collected sludge still remains in the chamber even with the method of step 5. However, by simply collecting the grid G with sludge, or by moving and polishing the grid G from the bottom F, it becomes possible to sweep the sludge out successively with temporary stops.

The above method is suitable when it is difficult to sweep out sludge that has accumulated so densely that it is difficult to sweep it out. in this case,
Make sure to slowly pull out the grating G along the inner wall of the chamber.

Preferably, the absence of sludge that falls to the bottom of the dust collector and is collected by the tubes 14 and 15 causes automatic collection of the sludge, such as by pulling out the grate.

This control is achieved by using mechanical means or by using electromagnetically controlled valves to open and close tubes 14 and 15.

The means for injecting water onto the inner walls of chambers El, E2 are controlled by a valve 30 operated by the system.

This valve 30 is provided for the purpose of not only controlling water injection but also for isolating the chamber from the outside.

For this type of openable/closeable valve 30, a commonly used opening/closing mechanism similar to the mechanism for opening/closing the tubes 14 and 15 can be applied.

The operation of this electromagnetic dust collector will be explained below. Electromagnet 18
An optimum excitation current determined experimentally in advance is applied to the coil, and the fluid to be collected is placed in two chambers E1 and E2 constituted by the enclosure 2, the outer peripheral surface of the shaft pipe 8, and the partition 12. flow at an optimal flow rate determined by

Specifically, these current values and flow rate values are not independent, but are functions of the capacity of the electromagnetic precipitator and the magnetic susceptibility of the particles to be collected, and are selected by means such as empirical formulas. Also,
The coefficients of the basic force equation, which indicates the balance between the magnetic force acting on particles and viscosity, used when optimizing the flow rate, have already been determined through characteristic evaluation.

An induced magnetic field of a strength corresponding to the current strength of the coil is generated within the area surrounded by the walls of the enclosure 2. In addition,
If the magnetic susceptibility of the particles carried by the liquid to be collected is low, the strength of the induced magnetic field must reach several Teslas.

Furthermore, in the region, an induced magnetic field having a gradient and proportional to the strength of the magnetic field is generated by the spread of the lines of magnetic force between the magnetic poles which are alternately switched to N pole or S pole.

Then, under the influence of the induced magnetic field, if the solid particle is a paramagnetic material, the solid particle will be magnetized with a strength of 1° proportional to the magnetic susceptibility, and will become a thin dipole following the direction of the magnetic field. Become. Also,
1) Under the influence of the gradient of the magnetic field, as shown below. That is,
At each point in the dust collector, the solid particles F receive a force proportional to the product of their own degree of magnetization and the gradient of the magnetic field at that point, and each solid particle'! ;, i, along the magnetic field until it hits a wall that prevents its movement, @4'.

It has been found that the forces that move solid particles (2 magnetic forces and the forces that impede movement, which carry the solid particles in the direction of the flow of the fluid) compete with the viscous forces. Therefore, the relationship is shown by the experimental formula 4. The efficiency of the dust collector and j2 is 1, and the efficiency is 1.
- conditions of flow velocity and magnetic field strength are chosen such that

1. The efficiency of the dust collector is comparable to that of the competition 1.
, depends on the load being carried by the force applied. This dust collector is located in the enclosure nod, where the same magnetic field is applied and the fluid is continuously j1. 2g that goes around
By configuring the chamber, several efficiency gains can be obtained. This means that the fluid passes through the second. When the sludge in the second chamber is less.

It is clear from this.

Part 1. Then, under the optimized processing conditions, when the efficiency of the electromagnetic dust collector reaches a suitable level, the collection process is stopped at -.
The collected sludge is pumped out. This increases the capacity of the dust collector by 1Δ. Repeating the process of sweeping the sludge (7 cycles depends on the concentration of particles carried by the fluid to be collected, j, 2). This electromagnetic dust collector is equipped with precipitated magnetite: Suitable for use with dust composed of substances equivalent to the removed dust.

“Effects of the invention” J-Explanation 1. According to the present invention, continuous dust collection is performed without stopping the flow of fluid.
If the fluid contains a small amount of particles, i? , 4
．． Which field 1 is the case when y Rui contains a large amount of particles?
The effect of being able to perform dust collection effectively in either case 1 or when the fluid contains particles F with a high magnetic susceptibility or in cases where particles with a low magnetic susceptibility are destroyed. 7).

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic dust collector of Fii <, 1, and FIG. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the same embodiment, and Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of the dust device.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the shaft bar 11 in the same embodiment when cut along the second symmetry plane on which the 1111 partitions of the shaft bars are arranged. ...Sweep out 1. Pipe, 8...
...Support pipe, l 6,17...Small diameter pipe. Applicant Comi Nosaria A Renesi Atomic 2
...L-nk (1-ja, E I, 1 No. 2...
・Chamber, 12 ...Partition, 22,2
3, 24.25...In/Out [U, 4...In (Tupipe, 6...Roll Bar Procedure Supplementary iJ Yushu (Method) % Formula % 2, Name of the invention Electromagnetic dust collector 3, relationship with the amendment case. Patent agent Commissariat A Shiki Shii Atomic 4, agent

Claims (16)

[Claims] (1) An electromagnetic dust collector that removes particles floating in a fluid, comprising an enclosure having an inlet and an outlet and through which a fluid containing the particles flows; creating a magnetic field gradient oriented to transport the fluid toward and form sludge at the inner wall; on each side of the reference plane, [3] the enclosure has an internal partition according to the plane-symmetric reference plane, and has two chambers partitioned by the partition; An electromagnetic dust collector characterized by having an inlet and an outlet through which a fluid passes, and a plurality of pipes connected to the inlet and the outlet, disposed within the enclosure, and guiding the passage of the fluid into the enclosure. (2) The electromagnetic means according to claim 1, which is realized by a multipolar electromagnetic coil having at least four magnetic poles in which north and south poles appear alternately and repeatedly, around the enclosure, and generates a magnetic field with a strong gradient. Electromagnetic dust collector. (3) The electromagnetic dust collector according to claim 2, wherein the number of the electromagnet means is four. (4) The enclosure is axially symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry that passes through the plane symmetry reference plane, and includes one axial pipe arranged along the symmetrical axis and a plurality of pipes along the axial pipe. 4. The electromagnetic dust collector according to claim 1, wherein the inside of said one axial pipe is separated into two separated regions on a plane along said axis of symmetry. (5) The electromagnetic dust collector according to claim 2, wherein the electromagnetic coil is constituted by a superconducting wire. (6) The electromagnetic device according to claim 4, wherein the shaft pipe is formed with two openings so as to continuously circulate fluid in the same direction in both of the two chambers. Dust collector. (7) The electromagnetic dust collector according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a sweep tube is provided so as to protrude from the bottom of the enclosure. (8) The electromagnetic dust collector according to claim 7, wherein a groove is formed in the bottom of the enclosure to promote movement of sludge toward the sweep tube. (9) The electromagnetic dust collector according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a spray device for spraying a rinsing liquid into each of the chambers. 10. An electromagnetic precipitator according to claim 9, characterized in that said spraying device has means for controlling the rinsing liquid and an isolation valve for permitting sequential sludge collection. (11) The electromagnetic dust collector according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising an opening for sequentially permitting the operation of a scraping device for scraping out sludge from the inner wall of each chamber. (12) The electromagnetic dust collector according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the bottom of the enclosure is removable. (13) An opening that allows intervention of the scraping device,
The electromagnetic dust collector according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the bottom of the enclosure is formed by an opening when removed. (14) The electromagnetic dust collector according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a grid is removably disposed on the inner wall of each chamber of the enclosure, and the sludge is successively collected by collecting the grid. . (15) The electromagnetic dust collector according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the shaft pipe or the partition is made of a non-magnetic material. (16) The electromagnetic dust collector according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a lining made of a non-magnetic material is formed on an inner wall of the enclosure and at least a portion of the two chambers partitioned by the partition. .