JPH02261320A - Greening structure using bag-like soil water-retaining material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable the long time growth of a plant in an irrigation-free state or in a state in which the irrigation is carried out only several times a year, by charging a specific soil and a specified water-retaining material in a water- impermeable material container having a soil-supporting bed above its bottom to plant in the container. CONSTITUTION:A soil 3 comprising an inorganic or organic porous ion exchange material, a porous inorganic mineral such as vermiculite or slag wool and an active carbon or charcoal adsorbing oxygen and a bag-like soil water- retaining material 6 prepared by received slag wool in an air-permeable or moisture-permeable bag are charged in a container 1 made of a impermeable material such as concrete and having a soil-supporting bed 2 such as plastic net above its bottom. An elastic sheet or granules 4 of an impermeable material such as a mulching material is spread all over the upper surface of the soil layer and a plant 5 is planted in the container 1, thereby contriving the lasting growth of the plant in an irrigation-free state.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a greening structure suitable for paved streets, planters inside buildings, etc.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, plant blanks used in city beautification by local governments across the country, such as on streets, have been problematic in terms of the effort and cost of watering them during the summer.

The longest period without rain in the country is approximately 60 days. In addition, in blank areas such as those inside buildings, the soil dries quickly due to heating and cooling, and requires a lot of effort for watering. In particular, the amount of management effort required in the pot rental industry has been a problem.

On the other hand, the present inventors have developed soil that eliminates the need for long-term irrigation and fertilization maintenance by using vermiculite, perlite, and inorganic or organic porous ion exchangers.
A soil for growing plants that is physically mixed with at least one type of porous inorganic material such as zeolite (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-75209), and a soil conditioner that is physically mixed with an inorganic or organic ion exchanger and slag wool ( Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-91282
(No. Publication) was developed. In these soils and soil conditioners, water is retained in porous inorganic minerals such as vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, and slag wool;
Fertilizing ingredients are adsorbed on the ion exchanger, and when consumed by plants, they are gradually released from the porous inorganic mineral or ion exchanger and replenished.

By the way, in general, soil in the natural world has large fluctuations in the amount of water it retains depending on its soil quality and weather, so it is desired to develop a convenient means of securing a minimum amount of water that will not cause plants to wilt even during the dry season for plant growth. . In particular, there was a problem in that potted plants, bonsai, and other plants quickly withered if not watered, making it impossible for their owners to leave their rooms vacant for long periods of time. On the other hand, in areas like our country where there is a lot of rainfall or areas where large amounts of rain fall at once during squalls, the base content, especially lime, is washed away and the soil tends to become acidic.

Therefore, in addition to water, base content is stably supplied to adjust the pH of the soil.
It was also desired to develop a convenient means to maintain the temperature near neutrality.

As a result of intensive studies to solve these problems, the present inventors focused on slag wool, which is produced as a by-product during iron and steel manufacturing, and developed a system that stores it in a bag-like body that has air permeability and moisture permeability. It has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be significantly solved by using the above-mentioned method (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 11144/1983).

[Problem that the invention aims to solve]

However, since plants for greening paved streets, plants planted in planters inside buildings, etc. need to be watered, fertilized, etc. to MyI, there is a problem in that the plants that have been planted with great care are likely to wither and die. For this reason, plastic imitations that require no maintenance are being used, but these remain bland and dry, and there is still a strong desire to plant real flowers.

On the other hand, in order to prevent water from evaporating into the atmosphere, the above-mentioned soil was used with plants planted in a bag made of water-proof plastic sheet or the like. However, mycorrhizal fungi generally live in the roots of plants. Plants receive nutrients such as inorganic substances and vitamins from these mycorrhizal fungi, and mycorrhizal fungi receive organic matter from their roots, creating a symbiotic relationship between the two. The above-mentioned plastics have low oxygen permeability, which causes a lack of oxygen in the soil, making it impossible for mycorrhizal fungi to grow.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention was made in response to these demands, and achieved this purpose by filling a specially constructed structure with special soil and water retention agent, and planting plants therein.

That is, the present invention provides a container made of a water-impermeable material having a soil supporting bed at the bottom, an inorganic or organic porous ion exchanger,
Filled with soil made of porous inorganic minerals and activated carbon or charcoal adsorbing oxygen, and a bag-shaped soil water retention agent containing slag wool in a bag-like body having air permeability and moisture permeability,
The present invention also relates to a greening structure in which the upper surface of the soil layer is covered with an elastic sheet or granular layer made of a water-impermeable material except for the stems or tree trunks of the planted plants.

The container is made of water-impermeable material, such as concrete or plastic. The shape, size, etc. are not critical, and the shape may be a flower pot shape, a square or rectangular box shape, a cylindrical shape, or the like. The size is determined depending on the type and number of plants to be planted. The soil support bed provided at the bottom is for separating the soil and the water storage area, and is made of a net, perforated plate, etc. Drainage holes can be provided at the bottom of the container or at the side surface near the bottom, if necessary.

Drainage holes can also be provided slightly above the soil surface to drain water accumulated on the soil surface.

In addition, handles, mounting hooks, etc. may be provided as appropriate. A circumferential groove for fixing the elastic sheet with a string or the like may be provided on the outer peripheral edge near the upper end of the container.

Various commercially available planters can also be used as containers.

In such a container, an inorganic or organic porous ion exchanger,
Fill with soil consisting of porous inorganic minerals and activated carbon or charcoal that adsorbs oxygen.

Inorganic or organic porous ion exchangers have pores of 100 to 10
It has a specific gravity of about 0.3 to 0.5 for about 0.00 people.

This porous ion exchanger adsorbs and retains fertilizer components in the form of cations and anions, and therefore both a cation exchanger and an anion exchanger are required. However, if a porous inorganic mineral with cation exchange ability such as vermiculite or slag wool is used, only an anion exchanger is required. Porous inorganic minerals with ion exchange groups bonded to them can be used. Examples of organic porous ion exchangers include various commercially available ion exchange resins in which various ion exchange groups are introduced into a matrix made of polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene, or an acrylic, methacrylic, or ethyleneimine matrix. I can do it. The ion exchange resin is preferably more porous. Particle size: 0.1mm~5
A diameter of about mm is appropriate.

In the case of cation exchangers, ion exchange groups include carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, phosphoric acid groups, phenol groups,
A thiol group or the like can be used, and a type that forms a chelate and adsorbs it may also be used. In the case of anion exchangers, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, etc. can be used. However, strongly acidic and strongly basic ion exchange groups are not preferred because they are difficult to release ions once adsorbed (those with medium to weakly acidic ion exchange groups or those of the type that adsorb by forming a chelate are preferred.

The ion exchanger may be a separate anion exchanger and a cation exchanger, or may be an amphoteric ion exchanger, and it is preferable that the exchange capacity is approximately equal for anions and cations.

Fertilizing ingredients are adsorbed on the ion exchanger in advance before use. The adsorption method may be according to a known method, and any ion exchanger may be converted into an active type or other ion type capable of adsorbing the fertilizing ingredient and then brought into contact with an aqueous solution of the fertilizing ingredient. This adsorption is generally done before mixing the ion exchanger with other soil components, but it can also be done after mixing. Since ion exchangers usually have physical adsorption ability, they also adsorb nonionic or weakly ionic fertilizing ingredients such as amino acids and putrid proteins.

Porous inorganic minerals include vermiculite, perlite, natural or synthetic zeolite, montmorillonite, kaolin,
Minerals such as hallosite and slag wool can be used. Slag wool is made by processing slag, which is a by-product during iron and steel manufacturing, into wool. Porous inorganic minerals are not limited to one type (although two or more types can be used in combination). Porous inorganic materials are used in a water-absorbing state. To achieve this water-absorbing state, it is necessary to It is sufficient to supply water to the mineral, which is usually kept in a state close to hydration. Fertilizing ingredients may also be adsorbed to this porous inorganic mineral.

The type of activated carbon is not critical, and examples include those prepared from wood, sawdust, coconut shell, animal bones, lignite, lignite, peat, coal, and the like. In addition, organic waste discharged depending on the local environment can be appropriately carbonized and activated for use.

Charcoal may also be obtained from any wood.

Although the treatment of park has become a problem in recent years, the carbide of park can also be suitably used in the present invention.

Activated carbon and charcoal may be powdered charcoal, but granular charcoal is preferable in terms of handling. Oxygen adsorption to activated carbon, charcoal, or charcoal may be carried out by a conventional method, for example, by degassing under heating and reducing pressure if necessary. After this is cooled, oxygen gas may be passed through it. Air may be used as the oxygen gas. Therefore, activated carbon or charcoal prepared by a conventional method can be used as is. Activated carbon and charcoal adsorbed with oxygen may be uniformly mixed into the soil, or may be placed around it.

The soil of the present invention can also contain other commonly used soil components, such as peat moss.

Composition: inorganic or organic porous ion exchanger 5 to 25
%, usually 10-30%, porous inorganic mineral 20-30%
About 70%, usually about 30-50%, activated carbon or charcoal 5
About 25%, usually about 5 to 10%, and about 0 to 50% by weight of other soil components.The soil of the present invention may further contain about 0 to 70% of the total amount of synthetic fibers such as cotton. can.

Slag wool, a soil water retention agent, is made by processing slag obtained as a byproduct from blast furnaces during iron and steel manufacturing into wool, and its main components are Cab.

The structure of the present invention made of MgO, K2O, Sing% pgos, etc. preferably contains 40% or more of an alkali content such as Cab, MgO1K, 0, etc. The above alkalis are contained in the slag wool in the form of crystals, and are gradually hydrolyzed to form Ca(OH)z, Mg(OH)z-
It is released in the form of hydroxides such as OH to neutralize acids in the soil. The slag wool preferred for the present invention is one that can absorb capillary water into the pores between its fiber layers and swell to about 6 to 10 times.

It is preferable to use polyacrylamide as the soil water retention agent in order to increase water retention capacity. It is water soluble. There are commercially available products in the form of powdered fibers, but any of these may be used. The mixing ratio of slag wool and polyacrylamide is suitably about 99:1 to 80:20, usually about 98:2 to 90:10, in terms of dry weight ratio. It is preferable that this soil water retention agent further contains an ion exchanger, which has the function of gradually supplying alkaline content eluted from the slag wool to plants through a kind of buffering action. It may be either an inorganic porous ion exchanger or an organic porous ion exchanger. Both the inorganic porous ion exchanger and the organic porous ion exchanger can be appropriately selected from the above-mentioned ones for use in soil. The main purpose of adding an ion exchanger is to have a buffering effect that maintains a constant soil condition by adsorbing alkaline content released from slag wool and gradually releasing it, so the ion exchanger contains a large amount of cation exchanger. It is preferable to do so. On the other hand, the ion exchanger may be an amphoteric ion exchanger. When adding an anion exchange group to vermiculite as an ion exchanger, the mixing ratio with slag wool is preferably within 471O by weight.

The bag-like body may be made of natural fibers such as cotton or hemp, recycled fibers such as rayon or cupro, semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate or triacetate, or non-woven fabric made of synthetic fibers such as nylon, polypropylene or polyester, or paper. preferable. As long as the material itself has sufficient air permeability and moisture permeability, it may be formed directly into a sheet shape. Examples of such materials include vinylon, polystyrene, nylon, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride. It may be a cloth such as a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, but in that case, it is preferable to use a cloth with a fine mesh to prevent polyacrylamide from leaking out. The size of this bag-like body is determined in consideration of the state in which polyacrylamide absorbs water and swells. The bag-like body may be stretchable.

The size of the bag-shaped soil water retention agent is not particularly limited, and is determined in consideration of handling convenience and the like. Further, the shape is not limited to square or rectangular, but may be circular depending on the shape of the container. It is best to position the soil water retention agent at some distance from the roots of the plants, usually at the bottom of the soil. When a plurality of soil water retaining agents are arranged, they can also be arranged on the sides as appropriate.

The elastic sheet prevents the evaporation of water and air, and is made of an elastic material so as not to inhibit the growth of the trunk or stem of the plant. As the material, foamed polystyrene, foamed polyurethane, foamed polypropylene, etc. can be used. The appropriate thickness of the sheet is about 0.1 to 300 nm+. The edge portion of the elastic sheet is fixed to the container. A simple method for fixing the elastic sheet is to embed the edge portion in the soil using a plate or the like on the inner wall of the container. Alternatively, a monomer, oligomer or polymer solution forming an elastic sheet which may be adhered to or near the upper edge of the container or tied around the outer circumference of the container with a string may be poured onto the soil surface. In the case of polymerization, it is not necessary to take the above-mentioned fixing means.

Instead of an elastic sheet, it is also preferable to spread granules with a particle size of about 0.5 to 30 m, preferably about 2 to 5 m, on the soil surface.The material of the granules is difficult to change and is blown away by wind. It is preferable to use a material that is hard to use, such as commercially available mulching materials, pumice, glass balls, zeolite, vamisu, etc. By spreading the granules, not only can rainwater be used as a water source and evaporation of moisture can be prevented, but also the amount of air supplied to the roots of plants can be improved, and the appearance can also be made more desirable. The thickness of the granule layer is about 2 to 30 layers of granules, preferably 3 to 10J.
'il level.

[Effect]

The structure of the present invention satisfies the three conditions necessary for plant growth: gas phase, liquid phase, and solid phase in the rhizome. In other words, by sealing the soil part in the solid phase with a container and an elastic sheet or granules, the liquid phase (solid phase) is prevented from flowing out, and the gas phase necessary for the growth of mycorrhizal fungi is filled with activated carbon that adsorbs oxygen. Alternatively, it is secured by combining it with charcoal. In this state, the fertilizing ingredients are gradually released from the ion exchanger and supplied, allowing the plants to continue growing. The roots generated from the roots as plants grow are neutralized by adsorption of the ion exchanger used as part of the solid phase.

Gases generated from the roots are adsorbed by using an ion exchanger and activated carbon or charcoal as part of the solid phase.

When supplying the liquid phase, the soil is sealed to minimize transpiration, and the consumed liquid phase is replenished using a bag-shaped soil water retention agent. As a soil water retention agent, slag wool has a water retention effect and is gradually hydrolyzed by rainfall or water sprinkling, resulting in Ca (OHz) and Mg (OR).
! , releases alkalis such as KOH into the soil. This alkali neutralizes acidic soil and is used by plants as nutrients. Furthermore, slag wool adsorbs air and gradually releases it to the roots of plants, and also promotes agglomeration of soil particles with the electric charge of its pores. Polyacrylamide plays a major role in water retention, and gradually releases large amounts of water absorbed during rainfall, watering, etc. into the soil, securing the water necessary for plants over a long period of time. In addition, due to its amphoteric ion adsorption ability, it not only adsorbs and removes roots etc. from the soil, but also exhibits a buffering effect by adsorbing various cations and anions and gradually releasing them. The ion exchanger, which is added as necessary, has a buffering effect by adsorbing the alkaline content released from the slag wool and gradually releasing it.

The bag-like body prevents the soil water retention agent from dissipating, ensuring a long-term water supply source for plants, and also improving the efficiency of soil improvement work.

By using a bag-like body instead of a rigid container, it is possible to cope with rapid changes in volume due to water absorption and water release from polyacrylamide. Long-term water retention is further improved by using porous inorganic materials such as slag wool and vermiculite that absorb a large amount of water as part of the solid phase of the soil, and ion exchangers prevent water rot during long-term water retention. Furthermore, since the soil surface is covered with the elastic sheet or granules, the growth of plant trunks and stems is not hindered.

[Example] Example 1 FIG. 1 shows a state in which pothos is planted in a structure that is an example of the present invention.

This structure consists of a concrete box-shaped container 1 measuring 50 x 200 x 50 cm. A plastic net soil support 2 is provided at the bottom, and soil tjj3 is placed on top of it.
is filled. And on the surface of the soil, grain size 2 to 5
The mulching material 4 of the cabinet is spread to a thickness of 10 am. A bag-shaped water retaining agent 6 is placed at the bottom of the soil layer 3, and drainage holes 7 are provided at the top and near the bottom of the container 1, respectively.

78 parts by weight of slag wool, 2 parts by weight of dry polyacrylamide powder and 20 parts by weight of shivermiculite-based amphoteric ion exchanger (Wagiken product), and 2 parts by weight of dry polyacrylamide powder. Created. 15kg of each mixture 40C11X
190C1, and the opening was heat sealed.

The soil contains 7% plant soil material A and B having the following composition:
A mixture of 30% of the materials was used.

Material A: Material B: Add 6% commercially available activated carbon that adsorbs oxygen to this mixed soil.
Add and mix.

The above-mentioned soil water retention agent was placed in the bottom of container 1 as shown in FIG. 1, soil was placed on top of the container 1, and pothos was planted. When the planters obtained in this way were left on a paved street without watering, those using soil water retaining material containing polyacrylamide continued to grow without withering for over 360 days without watering at all. Ta. In addition, those using a soil water retaining material to which polyacrylamide was not added became withered after an average of 50 days. On the other hand, plants in planters to which no soil water retention agent was added became wilted after 15 days on average.

Example 2 Instead of spreading mulching material on the soil surface, a thickness of 5 cm
A planter with a different type of soil water retaining material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an elastic sheet made of foamed polyethylene was stretched. When each planter was watered three times a year and placed indoors in a building, the ones using a soil water retention agent containing polyacrylamide continued to grow for more than 360 days without dying. In addition, when using a soil water retention agent that did not contain polyacrylamide, the plants became wilted after 50 days on average. On the other hand, plants in planters that did not add soil water retaining agents became wilted after an average of 15 days.

〔Effect of the invention〕

By using the structure of the present invention, plants can be grown permanently without watering or with only watering about three times a year. Therefore, the effort required for plant management can be significantly reduced.

[Brief Description of the Drawings] Figure 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a partially cutaway view of a bag-shaped soil water retention agent. FIG. 1... Container 4... Granular body 7... Drain hole 2... Soil support 4... Soil

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a container made of water-impermeable material with a soil support bed at the bottom, soil consisting of an inorganic or organic porous ion exchanger, a porous inorganic mineral, and activated carbon or charcoal adsorbing oxygen, and slag wool are placed in an air-permeable container. A bag-like soil water retention agent housed in a moisture-permeable bag-like body is filled, and the upper surface of the soil layer is an elastic body made of a water-impermeable material except for the stems or tree trunks of the planted plants. Greening structure covered with a sheet or granular layer