JP2001299094A - Structure for plant culture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure for plant culture effective for keeping the optimum water-retention for the plant with a small amount of soil to solve the problem of the durability of a building in the case of setting the structure on the building and dispensing with particular waterproofing work, or the like. SOLUTION: The unit structure 2 constituting the structure for plant culture is composed of a water-retaining block 21 composed of a porous material and a water-reserving vessel 22 holding the lower part of the block 21. The upper part of the water-retaining block 21 is used as a water-retaining part and the lower part of the block 21 and the water-reserving vessel 22 are used as a water-reserving part. Soil 4 for plant culture is heaped on the upper surface of the water-retaining block 21.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure for plant cultivation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, greening of a building roof has been encouraged for the purpose of improving the heat insulating effect of a high-rise building or the like.
In this regard, in the past, plant pots and the like were used, or soil for plant growth mixed with soil or a porous inorganic material was piled on a rooftop concrete slab, or artificial ground using nonwoven fabric was formed. By cultivating, the rooftop was greened.

[0003]

However, in growing plants, it is important to maintain an appropriate amount of water. Particularly, when growing plants on the roof, problems such as excess and deficiency of water supply tend to occur. Had become. For this reason, in order to secure an appropriate amount of moisture, soil having a thickness of about 60 cm is usually required. However, the durability of the building becomes a problem in relation to the load, and the building in consideration of the durability is considered. There was a problem that it became necessary to design objects and reinforce buildings. In addition, when the soil is piled on the concrete slab or the ground is formed, a certain amount of water is included in the soil and the like for a long time due to heavy rain and the like, and appropriate wastewater treatment may not be performed. In addition, it has been necessary to perform a special waterproofing treatment to prevent water from seeping into the concrete slab.

[0004] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and makes it possible to maintain an appropriate water retention state for plants with a small amount of soil, whereby the durability of a building can be maintained even when it is installed on the roof of a building. It is an object of the present invention to provide a plant cultivation structure capable of solving the problem and eliminating the need for a special waterproof treatment or the like.

[0005]

The structure for cultivating a plant according to the first aspect of the present invention has a water retaining portion made of a porous material, and passes through the water retaining portion below the water retaining portion. It has a water storage unit for storing the water that has been collected. In the structure for cultivating plants according to claim 2, the water retaining portion is a block formed so as to have air permeability. Moreover, the structure for plant cultivation according to claim 3 is:
The water retention section is formed by adding a component necessary for growing a plant to the porous material.

[0006]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiment 1 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 5 show a plant cultivation structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a flower bed is formed using the plant cultivation structure. In these figures, reference numeral 1 denotes a flower bed installed on a concrete slab 7 such as a roof of a building. The flower bed 1 surrounds a plurality of unit structures 2 constituting a plant cultivation structure and the periphery thereof. And a plurality of surrounding members 3 arranged as described above. Note that FIG. 1 shows a state in which a part of the outer surrounding material 3 on the front side is cut away for convenience of explanation. In the present embodiment, as described below, the upper part of the water retention block that forms the unit structure 2 functions as a water retention part, and the lower part of the water retention block and the water storage container function as a water storage part ( 2A and 2B in FIG. 2).

[0007] As shown in FIG.
A water retention block 21 made of a porous material capable of retaining water;
A water storage container 22 for accommodating the bottom of the water retention block 21 is provided. On the upper end surface of the water retention block 21, soil 4 for cultivating plants is laminated in a block shape. The water retention block 21 is obtained by molding and solidifying a porous material at a high pressure using a binder such as an adhesive.
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, it is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a step portion 21 b extending in the lateral direction is formed near the vertical center of the side surface 21 a. The lower portion 21B divided by the step portion 21b is accommodated in the water storage container 22,
The outer dimensions are one size smaller than the upper part 21A. The bottom surface 21c of the water retention block 21 has a plurality of projections 21d corresponding to the shape of the water storage container 22 described later.
Are formed. In the present embodiment, zeolite is used as a porous material constituting the water retention block 21. This zeolite is mainly a hydrous silicate of aluminum, sodium and calcium,
It has a constant pore diameter in the range of 3 to 10 °, and this pore structure can hold a water content of about 35% of its volume. Further, the zeolite contains components such as calcium necessary for growing plants, as described above. Thereby, necessary components such as water and calcium can be supplied to the soil. Since the specific gravity of zeolite is about 0.8, it can be made lightweight as a whole. As this zeolite, either a natural zeolite such as mordenite or a synthetic product may be used.

The water storage container 22 is made of plastic, metal or the like capable of storing water.
The bottom plate 22b is formed with a plurality of concave portions 22c arranged in a line. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a convex portion 21 d formed on the bottom surface 21 c of the water retention block 21 is fitted into the concave portion 22 c. In addition, the bottom surface side of the water storage container 22 has a convex portion 22 corresponding to the concave portion 22c.
d are formed, and the drainage channel 22 is formed between the convex portions 22d.
It will function as e. Thus, when water exceeding the capacity of the water storage section 2B is supplied, the excess water passes through the water storage section 2A and the outer enclosure 3 and drains between the convex portions 22d of the water storage container 22. The water passes through the path 22e and is appropriately drained by a drain hole (not shown) provided on the rooftop or the like.

As a result, the water retaining block 21 functions as the water retaining portion 2A based on the pore structure.
The part (part below the dotted line in FIG. 2) of the water retention block 21 housed in the water storage container 22 is not only water retention based on the pore structure of zeolite or the like,
Since water is also held in other voids, it functions as the water storage section 2B together with the water storage container 22. Thus, by storing a part of the lower part of the water retention block 21 in the water storage container 22, the water retention part 2A and the water storage part 2B located below the water retention part 2A are configured.

In the unit structure according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the water retaining block 21 is rotated by 90 ° in the horizontal direction with respect to the water storage container 22, so that the inside of the concave portion 22c is formed. The projection 21d may be accommodated so as not to fit into the projection. Thereby, between the convex part 21d of the said water retention block 21, and the said water storage container 22
A space 22f is formed by the concave portion 22c of the water retaining block 21.
Since a part of 1B functions as the water retention unit 2A, the capacity of the water retention unit 2A and the water storage unit 2B can be increased.

The outer enclosure 3 is formed by solidifying zeolite as a porous material at a high pressure using a binder. In the present embodiment, the outer enclosure 3 is in contact with the unit structure (the inner surface 3A side). ) Is formed on a vertical surface having a height not lower than the soil, and the outer surface 3B side is formed on an inclined surface. Even when a large amount of water is supplied, the surrounding material 3 can prevent the outflow of soil and the like, and stable installation can be performed by this shape. Also,
Since the surrounding material 3 is made of zeolite as a porous material, it has water retention almost the same as the water retention block 21 due to its pore structure.

The water retaining block 21 and the surrounding material 3 are obtained by molding and solidifying zeolite as a porous material at a high pressure as described above, as shown in FIG.
It is formed in a block shape (see FIG. 3 and the like) using a binder 6 so as to have a large number of voids 5a between a plurality of granular zeolites 5 and 5. As a result, the water retention block 21 and the surrounding material 3 have air permeability due to the voids 5a, and the soil 4 (e.g., roots of plants cultivated on the soil) stacked on the upper end surface of the unit structure 2. On the other hand, it is possible to supply nitrogen and the like necessary for plant growth.

The flowerbed 1 using the plant cultivation structure according to the present embodiment configured as described above is installed on a concrete slab 7 such as a roof of a building, as shown in FIG. 1, for example. . In the present embodiment, after a plurality of unit structures 2, 2,... In which the soil 4 for plant cultivation is laminated on the upper end face are arranged and arranged on the concrete slab 7, the outer structures are arranged so as to surround the periphery thereof. The flower bed 1 is configured by arranging the surrounding materials 3.
In this state, when water is supplied to the flower bed 1, the water that has passed through the soil 4 is retained in the water retaining portion 2A that constitutes the unit structure 2, and the water that has passed through the water retaining portion 2A is Water will be stored in the lower water storage section 2B. As a result, when the soil 4 is excessively watered, excess water is retained by the water retention unit 2A and the water storage unit 2B. The water stored in the water storage unit 2B appropriately rises to the water storage unit 2A due to the capillary phenomenon, whereby appropriate water is replenished to the soil 4 stacked on the upper end surface of the water storage unit 2A. Drying of the soil 4 can be prevented.

As described above, the water holding section 2A and the water storage section 2
B makes it possible to replenish the soil 4 with an appropriate amount of water. In addition, since the surrounding material 3 also has water retention, appropriate moisture is supplied from the surrounding material 3 to the soil 4. In addition, the water retaining section 2A and the surrounding material 3
Since the gap 5a is provided so as to have air permeability,
It becomes possible to perform appropriate ventilation to the soil 4,
Can promote plant growth.

As described above, by forming a flower bed using the plant cultivation structure according to the present invention, it is relatively easy to give appropriate water to the soil by the water retaining part and the water storing part, and to irrigation. The number of times can be reduced. Also,
Since it has water retention, the amount of soil can be reduced. Further, since the water retention part is made of a porous material, the weight can be reduced as a whole.

In this embodiment, the water retention block 2
Since the lower part 21B of 1 is housed in the water storage container 22 to constitute the water storage part, unlike the case where the soil or the like containing moisture is formed on the concrete slab as it is, there is no need to perform a special waterproof treatment, and Since the space between the bottom-side convex portions 22d functions as the drainage channel 22e, appropriate drainage treatment can be performed even in heavy rain.

The flower bed 1 according to the present embodiment can be used on the roof of a building or on the veranda of a building without special waterproofing or the like. Also,
The relatively light water retention block 21, the water storage container 22, and the surrounding material 3 make it easy to install and move the flower bed 1.

In this embodiment, zeolite has been described as a porous material constituting the water retaining block and the surrounding material, but other materials may be used as long as they are water retaining porous materials. May be used. Further, in the water retention block and the surrounding material, the porous material may be mixed with a component necessary for growing a plant, thereby forming a fertilizer on the soil. Training can be promoted. This component includes nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, calcium,
Magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper, chlorine, etc. are applicable.

Also, the soil to be laminated on the upper end surface of the water retention block has been described as a block. However, after arranging the unit structure and the surrounding material, the soil is piled on the upper end surface of the unit structure. It may be that. Further, the water storage container constituting the water storage section may have any shape as long as it can store water and can perform appropriate wastewater treatment. In addition, the water retaining block may be any one as long as its lower part can be accommodated in the water storage container, and the shape of the bottom portion does not necessarily have to correspond to the shape of the water storage container.

Embodiment 2 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a plant cultivation structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In this embodiment, a green of a golf course is configured using the plant cultivation structure. In the unit structure 10 as a plant cultivation structure according to the present embodiment, the upper part of the water retention block 8 formed by solidifying a porous material functions as a water storage unit 10A, similarly to the first embodiment, Further, the lower portion 8B of the water retention block 8 and the water storage container 9 accommodating the lower portion 8B function as a water storage portion 10B.

In the present embodiment, the soil 11 for turf cultivation is laminated on the upper end face of the water retention block 8 and used. The soil 11 for turf cultivation, which is more drainable than ordinary soil in order to prevent turf root rot, etc., is used. The use of the unit structure according to (1) facilitates appropriate adjustment of moisture. Note that the water storage container used in the present embodiment does not need to consider a water drainage channel or the like, and therefore may be one without a concave portion or the like.

When the above-mentioned unit structure 10 is used for forming and repairing a green at a golf course, the unit structure 10 and the soil 11 for turf cultivation laminated on the upper end surface thereof are previously prepared in a factory or the like. Is housed in a frame 13 surrounding the turf, and the turf is raised to such an extent that it can be used as a green. In this state, after the turf has grown, the unit structure 10 is carried to the green 12, and with the frame 13 removed, the unit structure 10 is housed in a recess 12a that has been excavated in advance. This makes it possible to easily create and repair the green 12 which has been conventionally performed by replanting turf and the like.

As described above, in the present embodiment, turf cultivation soil is laminated on the upper end surface of the unit structure as a plant cultivation structure, and turf cultivation and management are performed. Even in the case of using soil that is rapidly dried, appropriate moisture is replenished to the soil, and the adjustment of moisture becomes easy. In addition, since the turf can be grown in a factory or the like, the unit structure where the turf has been grown is housed in a concave portion provided on the green, so that the green of the golf course can be easily formed and repaired. be able to. Although the present embodiment has been described as being used for golf course greens, it may be used for other fairways and the like. In this case as well, the adjustment of moisture becomes easy as in the case of using the green, and the fairway can be easily formed and repaired.

Further, the water retaining block constituting the unit structure according to the present embodiment is formed and solidified by using a porous material with a binder as in the first embodiment so as to have air permeability. Therefore, ventilation can be performed on the grass roots and the like. In addition, by including the components necessary for growing plants in the porous material, the necessary components can be supplied to the turf together with the moisture, so that the turf can be promoted.

Embodiment 3 FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a structure for plant cultivation according to the present embodiment. The structure for plant cultivation according to the present embodiment is configured such that a water retention block formed by solidifying a porous material is formed as a pot, and a saucer as a water storage container is arranged at the bottom. This allows
In the structure for plant cultivation according to the present embodiment, the upper part of the pot functions as a water retention part, and the lower part of the pot and the water storage container function as a water storage part.

As the pot 15 constituting the structure 14 for plant cultivation, for example, one shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B is used. The pot 15 is formed by forming a water retention block made of a porous material into a substantially columnar shape, and an upper surface portion 15A is formed on an inclined surface. At a substantially central portion of the upper surface portion 15A, a concentric concave portion 15a having a constant depth is provided.
a is a pot 1 containing a plant growing soil 17 in a.
5 is used. As the water retaining block constituting the pot 15, a material obtained by molding and solidifying a porous material at a high pressure using a binder in substantially the same manner as in the first and second embodiments is used. Will have. In addition, the receiving tray 16 is formed to have a larger diameter than the bowl 15, and a rising piece 16a surrounding the periphery is formed.
Is formed at a position lower than the position of the bottom portion 15b of the concave portion 15a. According to the position of the upper end 16b of the rising piece 16a (the dotted line in FIG. 8B), the pot 1
5 is divided into upper and lower portions, the upper portion of the pot 15 functions as a water retaining portion 14A of the plant cultivation structure 14, and the lower portion and the receiving tray 16 function as a water storing portion 14B.

In the plant cultivation structure 14 composed of the pot 15 and the saucer 16, when water is supplied to the pot 15, a certain amount of water is held in the water holding portion 14 A. An amount of water exceeding the capacity of 14A will be stored in the water storage portion 14B, and appropriate water will be replenished to the soil stacked in the concave portion 15a by the water. In addition, aeration can be performed on the soil (such as roots of plants cultivated on the soil) by the voids provided in the water retention block that constitutes the pot 15.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the structure for plant cultivation is constituted by the pot and the saucer, so that it can be used for cultivation of plants indoors, etc. This facilitates the ventilation of the soil. In addition, by including the components necessary for growing plants in the porous material constituting the water retention block, the above components can be replenished together with the water, so that the growing of plants can be promoted.

In the first to third embodiments, the structure for plant cultivation according to the present invention has been described as cultivating land plants. However, the same structure as the water retention block constituting the structure for plant cultivation is used. May be used for cultivating seaweed and the like. In this case, the block of the porous material used as the water retention block in the first to third embodiments is installed on the sea floor. In a block placed on the sea floor, algae (spores and the like) floating in the sea adhere to the pores or voids, and the algae grow on the block.
Algae (spores, etc.) thus attached in the pores or voids
Can be cultivated with certainty because it does not peel off due to underwater currents or the like.

In particular, by using zeolite as a porous material constituting the block, a component such as calcium can be given to the algae, so that the growth of the algae can be promoted. Further, by adding nutrients necessary for growing algae, such as iron, to the block body, the growth of the algae can be further promoted.

[0031]

According to the structure for cultivating a plant according to the first aspect of the present invention, the structure has a water retaining portion made of a porous material, and has passed through the water retaining portion below the water retaining portion. Since the water storage section for storing water is provided, it is possible to provide an appropriate amount of water for the plant with a small amount of soil, and since the water holding section is made of a porous material, the overall weight can be reduced, Without worrying about the durability of the building,
The structure for plant cultivation can be installed. Also,
Since a water retaining section and a water storing section are provided, a special waterproof treatment can be made unnecessary even when the apparatus is installed on a concrete slab. According to the structure for plant cultivation of the second aspect, the water retaining portion is a block formed so as to have air permeability. Since nitrogen and the like necessary for growing can be supplied, the growing of plants can be promoted. According to the structure for plant cultivation of the third aspect, since the water retention unit is configured by including the component necessary for growing the plant in the porous material, fertilizing the soil is performed. And promote the growth of plants.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a flower bed using a plant cultivation structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cutaway view showing a main part of a flowerbed using the plant cultivation structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing a unit structure constituting the plant cultivation structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a unit structure constituting the plant cultivation structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a molded structure of zeolite constituting the plant cultivation structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a green using a plant cultivation structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cutaway view showing a unit structure constituting a plant cultivation structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a plant cultivation structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 flowerbed, 2,10 unit structure, 2A, 10A, 14
A water retention section, 2B, 10B, 14B water storage section, 21,
8,15 Water retention block, 22,9,16 Water storage container.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) E04D 13/00 E04D 13/00 Z

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A plant cultivation structure comprising: a water retaining portion made of a porous material; and a water retaining portion below the water retaining portion for storing water passing through the water retaining portion. body. 2. The structure for cultivating plants according to claim 1, wherein the water retaining portion is formed of a block formed so as to have air permeability. 3. The structure for plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the water retaining portion is formed by adding a component necessary for growing a plant to the porous material.